Keopsova piramida

Keopsova piramida (egipatsko ime: Ahet Kufu - „Keopsov horizont“, starogrč. ἡ μεγάλη Πύραμις τοῦ Хέοπος, lat. Magna Pyramis Cheopis) je najveća i najstarija od tri piramide kod Gize i ujedno najveća piramida na svetu. Često je nazivaju jednostavno: „Velika piramida“. Piramida je izgrađena kao grobnica egipatskog faraona četvrte egipatske dinastije Keopsa (Kufua) u XXVI veku p. n. e. Zajedno sa Kefrenovom i Mikerinovom piramidom predstavlja jedino očuvano antičko svetsko čudo.

Keopsova piramida
Keops
Koordinate	29.979167° S; 31.133889° I / 29.979167; 31.133889
Visina	138,75 m (prvobitna 146,6)
Baza	225m x 225m
Zapremina	2.583.283 m³
Nagib	51°50′
Graditelj	Kufu

Visoka je 138,75 m, dužine 225 m i obuhvata površinu od 5,3 hektara. Na njoj je radilo 100.000 ljudi, dvadeset godina po tri meseca godišnje, i to u vreme poplave Nila, kada se nije mogla obrađivati zemlja. Radili su robovi i seljaci. U Keopsovu piramidu ugrađeno je oko 2,5 miliona blokova, isklesanih u kamenolomu na desnoj obali Nila. Blokovi su od krečnjaka, bazalta i granita. Kameni blokovi su bili teški od dve do četiri tone (u proseku 2,5, maksimalno 7,5). Veliki granitni neotesani blokovi sa kojima je građen plafon za kraljevski salon, težili su preko pedeset tona. Prema pisanju Herodota, pripreme za gradnju Keopsove piramide trajale su više od dvadeset godina. Glavni nadzornik radova na Keopsovoj piramidi bio je verovatno Hemiunu, Keopsov nećak.

Keopsova piramida je jedina piramida koja ima i uzlazne i silazne hodnike. U njoj postoje tri do sada otkrivene odaje. Sve se one nalaze u centru piramide na njenoj vertikalnoj osi. Od ulaza, hodnik dug 18 m vodi nadole i račva se u dva pravca. Jedan krak vodi nadole do nedovršene prostorije koja je isklesana u steni na kojoj počiva piramida. To je najveća prostorija u Keopsovoj piramidi, ali potpuno nedovršena. Drugi krak vodi do velike galerije (49 m x 3 m x 11 m), gde se ponovo račva. Jedan tunel vodi do „Kraljičine odaje“ (ovo ime ne odgovara stvarnosti, jer kraljice nisu sahranjivane u glavnoj piramidi), dok drugi krivuda dok se ne sretne sa hodnikom koji se spušta. Malo predsoblje vodi iz Velike galerije do kraljeve zagrobne odaje.

Razmere piramide posle nastanka:

• visina — 146,64 m
• zapremina — 2,58 miliona m³
• masa 6,25 miliona tona
• dužina stranica:
  • zapadni — 230,357 m
  • istočni — 230,391 m
  • severni — 230,251 m
  • južni — 230,454 m

Radovi na piramidi su okončani 2580. p. n. e. Razlika u dužinama njenih stranica je po izgradnji bila manja od jednog promila. Kefrenova piramida (srednja od tri piramide) izgleda viša, međutim ona je izgrađena na steni koja je viša za 10 m, a po samoj visini građevine je za tri metra niža.

Istočno od piramide su tri sporedne piramide namenjene kraljicama (G1a—G1c).

• G1a je grobnica kraljice majke Heteferes
• G1b je grobnica kraljice Meritites
• G1c je (verovatno) grobnica kraljice Henutsen

Mala kultna piramida na jugoistoku (G1d) je otkrivena tek pre nekoliko godina.

Pred ovim zdanjem svojevremeno je zastao Aleksandar Makedonski da se nagleda genijalnosti rada svojih predaka. Keopsova piramida je 4000. godina bila najviša na svetu, sve do 14. veka kada ju je nadmašila Katedrala u Linkolnu.

Vidi još

• Spisak egipatskih piramida

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/khufuenter.html Pyramids—The Inside Story] from Public Broadcasting Service' Nova (TV series)
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