Википедија

Socijaldemokratija

Socijaldemokratija je politička filozofija koja je nastala u drugoj polovini 19. veka kao jedna od političkih teorija u pokretu socijalne pravde i levice.[4][5][6] Danas se socijaldemokratija obično smešta na levi centar političkog spektra.[7][8][9][10]

Crvena zastava, simbol pokreta socijalne pravde i socijaldemokratije
Crvena ruža, jedan od simbola pokreta socijalne pravde, koji predstavlja simbol demokratije i antiautoritarizma u načinu delovanja protiv društvenih nepravdi[1][2][3]

Izvorna socijaldemokratija je razvijala antikapitalistički program.[11][12][13][14] Ali, vremenom se okrenula političkom pragmatizmu.[15][16] Pragmatična socijaldemokratija se fokusira samo na minimalni program, kojim u okviru institucija predstavničke, parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije nastoji sprovesti delimičnu promenu utemeljenu na ekonomskoj ulozi javnog sektora, javnim propisima, programima, investicijama i servisima koji bi trebalo da rade na ublažavanju nepravdi koje nanosi neregulisani, liberalni model tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije.[17][18][19][20][21][22] Praktična realizacija takve delimične promene u okviru institucija parlamentarne demokratije i tržišne kapitalističke ekonomije obično se naziva socijalno odgovornom državom ili državom blagostanja.[23][24][25][19][26] Socijaldemokratija se smatra umerenom strujom u savremenom levičarskom pokretu.[27][28][29][30]

Karakteristike uredi

Obeležja socijaldemokratije:[31][22][32]

  • razvijanje prava i sloboda zapostavljenih i obespravljenih pojedinaca, društvenih grupa i slojeva;
  • razvijanje prava ljudskih bića na rad, dostojanstvenu zaradu, odmor, bolovanje, porodiljsko odsutstvo, štrajk, sindikalno organizovanje, zdravstvenu zaštitu, obrazovanje i socijalnu zaštitu;
  • održivi privredni razvoj, uz unapređenje ravnomernog razvoja urbanih i ruralnih područja;
  • afirmacija rodne ravnopravnosti;
  • razvijanje pluralističkog i solidarnog društva koje unapređuje kvalitet života za radnice i radnike, ugrožene slojeve i celokupno društvo;
  • unapređenje uravnoteženosti lokalnog i regionalnog razvoja;
  • promovisanje mirnog i diplomatskog načina rešavanja sporova i sukoba;
  • korišćenje demokratskih i nenasilnih parlamentarnih i vanparlamentarnih oblika delovanja i protivljenje svim nedemokratskim, autoritarnim i totalitarnim oblicima delovanja.

Umerena progresivna, pragmatična stranka u matičnom toku zemlje koja je zasnovana na parlamentarnoj demokratiji i tržišnoj kapitalističkoj ekonomiji, sa glasačkim telom u umerenoj intelektualnoj i fizičkoj radničkoj klasi, mogla bi biti opisana kao socijaldemokratska politička stranka.[33][34] Dok bi stranka sa većim zahtevima i ciljevima, koja ima glasačko telo među onim delom malobrojnije, ali samosvesnije intelektualne i fizičke radničke klase, te sa istorijom podrške i učešća u emancipatorskim i progresivnim pokretima, mogla biti opisana kao stranka radikalnije, nove levice.[35][36][37][38]

Socijaldemokratske stranke, kao i druge savremene levičarske stranke, obično ističu sledeće vrednosti:[39]

  • jednakost — ne samo pred zakonom, nego i jednake šanse i mogućnosti za sve ljude u raznim sferama života, bez obzira na identitetske različitosti, uključujući i one osobe sa poteškoćama bilo koje vrste;
  • solidarnost — pokazivanje razumevanja i saosećanja prema osobama koje su žrtve nekog oblika diskriminacije, nepravde, neravnopravnosti ili nezgodnog sticaja okolnosti, te lična spremnost zajedničkog delovanja sa drugima na pronalaženju načina za umanjivanje i sprečavanje takvih pojava. Ovo načelo podrazumeva i razvijanje institucionalnih oblika solidarnosti, te internacionalne solidarnosti.
 
Klement Atli, socijaldemokrata i premijer Velike Britanije (1945—1951)
 
Vili Brant, socijaldemokrata i kancelar Nemačke (1969—1974)
 
Ulof Palme, socijaldemokrata i premijer Švedske (1969—1976 i 1982—1986)
 
Helen Klark, socijaldemokratkinja i premijerka Novog Zelanda (1999—2008)

Socijaldemokratija se protivi svakom obliku autoritarizma i jednopartizma.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Prema tome, socijaldemokratija se protivi konceptima jednopartijskog modela vlasti koje su zastupale takozvane boljševičko-komunističke partije 20. veka.[48][49][50][51][52]

Popis socijaldemokratskih stranaka uredi

Popis socijaldemokrata i socijaldemokratkinja uredi

Vidi još uredi

Reference uredi

  1. ^ "About Our Logo". Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives. New York University. Archived from the original on 2017-07-02. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
  2. ^ "Metropolitan. v.38 1913". HathiTrust. pp. 63. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  3. ^ "Most's Meeting". Indianapolis Indiana State Sentinel. September 21, 1887. pp. 1 Column 1.
  4. ^ Adams, Ian: Political Ideology Today. Politics Today. Manchester University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-7190-3346-9.
  5. ^ Gombert, Tobias; Bläsius, Julia; Krell, Christian; Timpe, Martin, ur. (2009). Foundations of Social Democracy. Social Democratic Reader. Patterson, James. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86872-215-4.
  6. ^ Miller, David (1998). „Social Democracy” : Craig, Edward. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 8. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-18713-8.
  7. ^ (2001). Political Ideology Today. Politics Today (2nd edition). Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6019-9.
  8. ^ Agrawal, S. P.; Aggarwal, J. C., ur. (1989). Nehru on Social Issues. New Delhi: Concept Publishing. ISBN 978-817022207-1.
  9. ^ Alpert, Michael. A New International History of the Spanish Civil War.
  10. ^ Bronner, Stephen Eric (1999). Ideas in Action: Political Tradition in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8476-9387-0.
  11. ^ Schorske, Carl E. (1993) [1955]. German Social Democracy, 1905–1917: The Development of the Great Schism. Harvard Historical Studies. 65. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-35125-7.
  12. ^ Hollander, Samuel: Friedrich Engels and Marxian Political Economy. Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-521-76163-5.
  13. ^ Marx, Karl (1972). Padover, Saul K., The Karl Marx Library. Volume I: On Revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  14. ^ Johnson, Elliott; Walker, David; Gray, Daniel (2014). Historical Dictionary of Marxism. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-4422-3798-8.
  15. ^ Blaazer, David (2002) [1992]. The Popular Front and the Progressive Tradition: Socialists, Liberals, and the Quest for Unity, 1884–1939. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-41383-1.
  16. ^ Understanding Social Democracy (PDF). What's Left of the Left: Liberalism and Social Democracy in a Globalized World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University. Pristupljeno 29. 1. 2016.
  17. ^ Notermans, Ton (2000). Money, Markets, and the State: Social Democratic Economic Policies since 1918. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63339-0.
  18. ^ Brandal, Nik; Bratberg, Øivind; Thorsen, Dag Einar (2013). The Nordic Model of Social Democracy. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-01326-2.
  19. ^ a b Sejersted, Francis (2011). Adams, Madeleine B., ur. The Age of Social Democracy: Norway and Sweden in the Twentieth Century. Prevod: Daly, Richard. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14774-1.
  20. ^ Berman, Sheri (1998). The Social Democratic Moment: Ideas and Politics in the Making of Interwar Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-44261-0.
  21. ^ Aspalter, Christian (2001). Importance of Social Democratic Movements in Welfare Politics: With Special Reference to Germany, Austria and Sweden. Huntington, New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56072-975-4.
  22. ^ a b Badie, Bertrand; Berg-Schlosser, Dirk; Morlino, Leonardo, ur. (2011). „Social Democracy”. International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 8. Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-5963-6.
  23. ^ Thorsen, Dag Einar; Brandal, Nik; Bratberg, Øivind (2013). „Utopia Sustained: The Nordic Model of Social Democracy”. London: Fabian Society. Pristupljeno 2. 8. 2016.
  24. ^ Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2006). „The Social Welfare State, beyond Ideology”. Scientific American. sv. 295 br. 5. New York. str. 42. ISSN 0036-8733. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 12. 10. 2007. Pristupljeno 2. 8. 2016.
  25. ^ Upchurch, Martin; Taylor, Graham; Mathers, Andrew (2009). The Crisis of Social Democratic Trade Unionism in Western Europe: The Search for Alternatives. Contemporary Employment Relations. Farnham, England: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-7053-7.
  26. ^ Fitzpatrick, Tony (2003). After the New Social Democracy: Social Welfare for the Twenty-First Century. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-6477-7.
  27. ^ Bardhan, Pranab; Roemer, John E. (1992). „Market Socialism: A Case for Rejuvenation”. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 6 (3): 101—116. ISSN 0895-3309
  28. ^ Britain, Ian (2005) [1982]. Fabianism and Culture: A Study in British Socialism and the Arts, c. 1884–1918. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02129-6.
  29. ^ Hinnfors, Jonas (2006). Reinterpreting Social Democracy: A History of Stability in the British Labour Party and Swedish Social Democratic Party. Critical Labour Movement Studies. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-7362-5.
  30. ^ Janowsky, Oscar Isaiah (1959). Foundations of Israel: Emergence of a Welfare State. Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand.
  31. ^ Meyer, Thomas; Hinchman, Lewis P. (2007). The Theory of Social Democracy. Cambridge, England: Polity Press. ISBN 978-0-7456-4113-3.
  32. ^ •            Hoefer, Richard (2013). „Social Welfare Policy and Politics”. Colby, Ira C.; Dolmus, Catherine N.; Sowers, Karen M. Connecting Social Welfare Policy to Fields of Practice. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-17700-6.
  33. ^ Jackson, Ben (2008). „Social Democracy”. Durlauf, Steven N.; Blume, Lawrence E. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 7 (2nd edition). Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-78676-5.
  34. ^ Ishay, Michelle R. (2008) [2005]. The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25641-5.
  35. ^ Hudson, Kate (2012). The New European Left: A Socialism for the Twenty-First Century?. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-24876-2.
  36. ^ Busky, Donald F. (2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-96886-1.
  37. ^ Harrington, Michael (2011) [1989]. Socialism: Past and Future. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61145-335-5.
  38. ^ Schweickart, David (2007). „Democratic Socialism”. Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G. Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice. 1. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-1812-1.
  39. ^ Tansey, Stephen D.; Jackson, Nigel (2008). Politics: The Basics. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42244-4.
  40. ^ (2006). The Primacy of Politics: Social Democracy and the Making of Europe's Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81799-8.
  41. ^ Evans, Bryan; Schmidt, Ingo, ur. (2012). Social Democracy After the Cold War. Edmonton, Alberta: Athabasca University Press. ISBN 978-1-926836-87-4.
  42. ^ Kenworthy, Lane (2014). Social Democratic America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-932251-0.
  43. ^ Cronin, James E.; Ross, George W.; Shoch, James (2011). What's Left of the Left: Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging Times. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-5079-8.
  44. ^ Rubinstein, David (2006). The Labour Party and British Society: 1880–2005. Brighton, England: Sussex University Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-055-2.
  45. ^ Corfe, Robert (2010). The Future of Politics: With the Demise of the Left/Right Confrontational System. Bury St Edmunds, England: Arena Books. ISBN 978-1-906791-46-9.
  46. ^ Orlow, Dietrich (2000). Common Destiny: A Comparative History of the Dutch, French, and German Social Democratic Parties, 1945–1969. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-57181-185-1.
  47. ^ Edinger, Lewis Joachim (1956). German Exile Politics: The Social Democratic Executive Committee in the Nazi Era. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  48. ^ 'State Capitalism' in the Soviet Union. M.C. Howard and J.E. King
  49. ^ Binns, Peter (1986). "State Capitalism".
  50. ^ Childs, David (2000). The Two Red Flags: European Social Democracy and Soviet Communism since 1945. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-22195-5.
  51. ^ Bogdanor, Vernon (1985). „The Social Democratic Party and the Alliance”. Ur.: Burch, Martin; Jaenicke, Douglas; Gardner, John. Three Political Systems: A Reader in British, Soviet and American Politics. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-1085-9.
  52. ^ Van Oudenaren, John (1991). Détente in Europe: The Soviet Union and the West since 1953. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-1133-1.
  53. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: Willy Brandt
  54. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: Olaf Palme
  55. ^ „Mandela is 'greatest political hero'”. Arhivirano iz originala 15. 10. 2007. g. Pristupljeno 09. 05. 2018. 

Dodatak uredi

  • Barbieri, Pierpaolo (25 April 2017). "The Death and Life of Social Democracy". Foreign Affairs.
  • Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G.. Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice. SAGE Publications. 2007. ISBN 978-1412918121. str. 448.
  • Eatwell, Roger; Wright, Anthony (1 March 1999). Contemporary Political Ideologies: Second Edition. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0826451736. str. 80.
  • Curian, George Thomas; Alt, James E.; Chambers, Simone; Garrett, Geoffrey; Levi, Margaret; McClain, Paula D (12 October 2010). The Encyclopedia of Political Science Set. CQ Press. ISBN 978-1933116440. str. 401.
  • Sargent Tower, Lyman (2009). Contemporary Political Ideologies: A Comparative Analysis (14th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Draper, Hal (1966). "The Two Souls of Socialism". New Politics.
  • Hain, Peter (1995). Ayes to the Left. Lawrence and Wishart.
  • Bernstein, Eduard (1899). "Evolutionary Socialism". Marxists Internet Archive.
  • Bevan, Aneurin (1952). In Place of Fear.
  • Tarnoff, Ben (12 July 2017). "How social media saved socialism". The Guardian.
  • Batson, Andrew (March 2017). "The State of the State Sector". Gavekal Dragonomics.
  • Morley, James W. (1993). Driven by Growth: Political Change in the Asia-Pacific Region.
  • Kerr, Roger (9 December 1999). "Optimism for the New Millennium".
  • Jackson, Samuel (6 January 2012). "The failure of American political speech". The Economist.
  • Zimmerman, Klaus (19 February 2010). "Social Democracy in America?". The Atlantic.
  • Lerer, Lisa (16 July 2009). "Where's the outrage over AIG bonuses?". Politico.
  • Powell, Michael (6 November 2006). "Exceedingly Social But Doesn't Like Parties". The Washington Post.
  • Carlock, Greg; McElwee, Sean (18 September 2018). "Why the Best New Deal Is a Green New Deal". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378.
  • "Resolution: Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal" (PDF). U.S. House of Representatives.
  • Rizzo, Salvador (11 February 2019). "Fact Checker: What's actually in the 'Green New Deal' from Democrats?". The Washington Post.
  • "An Open Call to All Progressive Forces". Progressive International. 30 November 2018.
  • Engels, Friedrich (1885). England in 1845 and in 1885. Cited in Hollander 2011
  • Luxemburg, Rosa. Reform or Revolution.
  • Engels, Friedrich (2004). Collected Works, Volume 50. New York: International Publishers.
  • Springer, Simon; Birch, Kean; MacLeavy, Julie, eds. (2016). The Handbook of Neoliberalism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1138844001.
  • "Declaration of principles". Socialist International. 22 June 1989.
  • Arora, N.D. (2010). Political Science for Civil Services Main Examination. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Gregory, Paul; Stuart, Robert. Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First. South-Western College Pub. 2003. ISBN 978-0-618-26181-9. str. 152.
  • Tom Angier (8 February 2017). "What French philosophy can tell us about the EU, nationhood, and the decline of social democracy".
  • Jörg Michael Dostal (19 December 2016). "The Crisis of German Social Democracy Revisited". The Political Quarterly.
  • Espen Goffeng (12 September 2017). "En venstreside på villspor".
  • G. R. Searle (2004). A New England?: Peace and War, 1886–1918. ISBN 9780198207146.
  • Lewis, Jane; Surender, Rebecca (2004). Welfare State Change: Towards a Third Way?. Oxford University Press.
  • Gregoire, Carolyn (10 September 2013). "The Happiest Countries In The World". The Huffington Post.
  • Conley, Julia (20 March 2019). "Social Democratic Nations Rank Happiest on Global Index (Again).". Common Dreams.
  • Radcliff, Benjamin (25 September 2013). "Western nations with social safety net happier". CNN.
  • "Hjalmar Branting: The Nobel Peace Prize 1921".
  • "Encyclopædia Britannica: Wilhelm Liebknecht".

Spoljašnje veze uredi

 
Socijaldemokratija na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.

Novi Plamen - levi list koji iznosi i socijaldemokratske stavove

Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Социјалдемократија&oldid=27554395”