Jevsevije Kesarijski
Jevsevije Kesarijski ili Jevsevije Pamfil (grč. Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας; nakon 260 — 30. maj 339), episkop rodne Kesarije, crkveni istoričar, egzegeta i polemičar.[1] Za sobom je ostavio veliki broj dela od kojih se naročito ističu dva istoriografska naslova — Crkvena istorija (od Hristovog vremena do Konstantinove pobede nad Licinijem 324. godine) i Život Konstantinov.[2]
Osnovne činjenice
urediBio je prvi hrišćanski istoričar, erudita, apologeta, filolog; sabrao je sva dokumenta i podatke koji se tiču događaja i hrišćanskih ustanova, pisaca i mučenika prve Crkve. U Crkvenoj istoriji sakupio je ne samo najvažniji istorijski materijal o prvobitnom hrišćanstvu, nego je prepisao i odlomke tekstova, komentara i akata od velike vrednosti za rekonstrukciju postapostolske tradicije. U Hronici ili Hronološkim kanonima sintetički izlaže stablo sa datumima iz sveštene i profane istorije. Jevsevije Kesarijski je formulisao svoju ličnu koncepciju o istoriji sveta i Crkve, afirmišući u procesu istorije pedagogiku Božiju koja uvek potvrđuje pobedničku Crkvu. U taj proces pobedničke Crkve upisuje se i pobeda cara Konstantina, kome je sačinio biografiju u spisu Život Konstantinov. Carska ličnost i institucije nisu ništa drugo do zemaljski odsjaj božanske suverenosti. Saradnik Pamfilov (bibliotekar u Kesariji), učenik Origenov, on podržava u početku Arija, ali posle Nikeje postaje sledbenik Pravoslavnih. U Jevanđeljskoj pripremi otkriva patrimonijum nehrišćanskih religija.
O Crkvenoj istoriji
urediCrkvena istorija je napisana 315. godine i daje najranija pisana svedočanstva o Konstantinovom obraćenju u hrišćanstvo. Život Konstantinov Jevsevije je završio uoči svoje smrti 339. g. Zbog pojedinih, kako jezičkih tako i istoriografskih odstupanja od ranijeg dela, ovo delo je pod lupom istoričara koji veruju da je nastalo između druge polovine IV i početka V veka od nepoznatog autora.[3]
Osporavanje autentičnosti
urediPrvi autori koji su dali grubu hronologiju drevnosti bili su Jevsevije Pamfil i sveti Jeronim, koji se tradicionalno smeštaju u IV vek. Međutim, njihovi su tekstovi pronađeni tek u kasnom srednjem veku. Osnovu hronologije Jevsevije je dao u Istoriji vremena od početka sveta do Nikejskog sabora (takozvana Hronika). Grčki original sada postoji samo u odlomcima i dopunjuje se slobodnim latinskim prevodom Blaženog Jeronima. Čudno je da je Nikifor Kalista u XIV veku preduzeo „pokušaj da napiše novu istoriju prva tri veka, ali nije mogao da uradi ništa više, već da ponovi ono što je rekao Jevsevije“.
Pošto je Jevsevijev rad bio objavljen tek 1544. tj. posle Nikifora, umesno je postaviti pitanje: nije li danas poznata „Jevsevijeva verzija“ zasnovana na radu Nikifora Kalista? Bikerman tim povodom osnovano primećuje: „Hrišćanski istoričari su svetovnu hronografiju stavili u službu svete istorije… Kompilacija Jeronima, koji je ’slobodno prepričavao Jevsevija’, postala je osnova hronoloških znanja na Zapadu. Josif Skaliger, osnivač savremene hronologije kao nauke, pokušao je da rekonstruiše ceo Jevsevijev rad… Jevsevijeva datiranja (osnivača hronologije), koja su u rukopisima često pogrešno prenošena, danas su od male koristi…“
Ipak, danas nema mnogo naučnika koji sistematski osporavaju autentičnost ovog spisa. Naprotiv, većina prihvata da je ovaj spis autentičan, pogotovu zbog toga što njegova analiza pokazuje teološka stremljenja koja se i inače vezuju za Jevsevija.
Reference
uredi- ^ Barnes 1981, str. 94, 278.
- ^ Srpski prevod sa propratnom studijom o Jevseviju: Prodić 2013a.
- ^ Srpski prevod: Prodić 2013b.
Literatura
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- Louth, Andrew (2004). „Eusebius and the Birth of Church History”. Ur.: Young, Frances; Ayres, Lewis; Louth, Andrew. The Cambridge history of early Christian literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. str. 266–274. ISBN 978-0-521-46083-5.
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- Valois, Henri de (1833). „Annotations on the Life and Writings of Eusebius Pamphilus”. The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius Pamphilus. S. E. Parker, trans. Philadelphia: Davis.
- Prodić, Slobodan (2013a). Jevsevije Pamfil, Život Konstantinov. Šibenik: Istina.
- Prodić, Slobodan (2013b). Jevsevije Pamfil, Crkvena istorija. Šibenik: Istina.
- Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History) first seven books ca. 300, eighth and ninth book ca. 313, tenth book ca. 315, epilogue ca. 325.
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- McGiffert, Arthur Cushman, trans. Church History. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at New Advent and CCEL. Accessed 28 September 2009.
- Williamson, G.A., trans. (1989). Church History. London: Penguin. .
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- McGiffert, Arthur Cushman, trans. Martyrs of Palestine. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at New Advent and CCEL. Accessed June 9, 2009.
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- Richardson, Ernest Cushing, trans. Life of Constantine. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 1. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890. Revised and edited for New Advent by Kevin Knight. Online at New Advent. Accessed 9 June 2009.
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- Origen. De Principiis (On First Principles).
Spoljašnje veze
uredi- Jevsevije Kesarijski na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
- Jevsevije Kesarijski na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
- Deo srpskog prevoda „Crkvene istorije“
- Jevsevije, Šest odlomaka iz Komentara psalama.
- Opera Omnia, Migne Patrologia Graeca sa analitičkim indeksima celokupna Jevsevijeva dela na grčkom.
- Jevsevije Kesarijski na sajtu Internet Archive (jezik: engleski)
- Jevsevije Kesarijski na sajtu LibriVox (jezik: engleski)
- „Jevsevije“ na sajtu New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia (1917)
- Jevsevije Kesarijski na sajtu Tertullian Project
- Obimna bibliografija na sajtu EarlyChurch.org
- Hronološki spisak Jevsevijevih dela
- Church History (Eusebius) ; The Life of Constantine (Eusebius), online at ccel.org.
- History of the Martyrs in Palestine (Eusebius), English translation (1861) William Cureton. Website tertullian.org.
- Eusebius of Caesarea, The Gospel Canon Tables