Википедија

Jovan Zlatousti

Ukoliko ste tražili članak o nekom drugom Svetom Jovanu, pogledajte članak Sveti Jovan (višeznačna odrednica).

Sveti Jovan Zlatousti (grčki Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος, ili Jovan Antiohijski, Antiohija oko 349 — Komana Pontska 407), najčuveniji propovednik u istoriji Crkve, veliki podvižnik i reformator.[4] Bio je patrijarh Konstantinopolja (397—402), prestonice tadašnjeg Istočnog rimskog carstva, te je jedan od crkvenih naučnika.

Jovan Zlatoust
Sv. Jovan Zlatoust, preko hiljadu godina star mozaik u Aji Sofiji
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja349.[1][2]
Mesto rođenjaAntiohija,
Datum smrti14. septembar 407.
Mesto smrtiKomana Pontska[3],

Žitije uredi

Rođen je u Antiohiji, od oca Sekunda (vojvode) i majke Antuse.

Učio je najpre grčku filozofiju i zgnušao se na grčko mnogoboštvo.

Potom je usvojio hrišćansku veru kao jedinu i celu istinu, i studirao je bogoslovlje u sklopu škole biblijske egzegeze kojom je rukovodio Diodor Tarsijski.

Krstio ga je antiohijski patrijarh Meletije.

Po smrti roditelja zamonašio se i počeo strogo podvizavati.

U Antiohiji je rukopoložen u čin đakona i sveštenika (385).

Kao đakon piše "O sveštenstvu", delo neprevaziđeno do danas; kao sveštenik posvetio se propovedničkoj službi. Propoveda svakodnevno, na određene teme, ali naročito o ličnoj i društvenoj etici, braneći siromašne i izrabljivane, osuđujući bogate i one koji drže vlast. U besedi "O statuama" podržava one koji se behu pobunili protiv carske porodice. Sastavlja Egzegetske omilije na sve knjige Staroga i Novoga Zaveta; naročito ga privlače poslanice Sv. Apostola Pavla.

Blagodareći njegovoj propovedničkoj slavi, 397. godine izabran je za episkopa carigradskog, gde će uskoro ući u sukob sa Evtropijem, ministrom dvora cara Arkadija, i sa caricom Evdoksijom jer je predlagao potpunu reformu načina života, kako u Crkvi tako i na carskom dvoru. Kada prepodobni Nil Sinajski ču za progonstvo njegovo u zatočenje, on smelo i neustrašivo podiže iz dubokog pustinjskog molitvenog tihovanja svoj glas i odmah izobliči cara napisavši mu poslanicu, u kojoj strogo osudi careve nepravde, učinjene velikom svetitelju i učitelju vaseljene. Pod spletkama Patrijarha Teofila Aleksandrijskog, Sveti Jovan je zbačen sa prestola 402. godine. Ponovo dolazi iz prvog progonstva, a naposletku Evdoksija ga progoni u Kukuz (ili Koman) u Jermeniji, gde je umro na Krstovdan 14. septembra 407. godine. Odavde piše najveći deo pisama, među kojima i onih sedamnaest Pisama Olimpijadi.

Učenje uredi

Sv. Jovan Zlatousti imao je veliko poštovanje prema Svetome Pismu i Svetoj Liturgiji. Duh Sveti nadahnuo je Pismo i Duh ga tumači kroz lično prosvećenje. Zato je čitanje Svetoga Pisma sredstvo da se primi blagodat, pokazuje Sv. Jovan Zlatousti. Svom njegovom teologijom gospodari sinergija: čitanje Svetoga Pisma i prosvećenje od Duha, obred Tajni i delanje Duha, vera kao dar i dela kao čovekov odgovor na Božiji dar. Verovao je da smo samo verom spaseni, ali da bi čovek onda trebao pokazati dela. Tvrdio je da u vršenju Tajni, obred ili materija nisu dovoljni, nego je nužno prizivanje Duha Svetoga. U svojoj društvenoj etici, Sv. Jovan Zlatousti je dokazivao da je ljubav prema bližnjem i siromašnom prava tajna.

Nasleđe uredi

 
Jovan Zlatousti

Njegove svete mošti su krstaši 1204. odneli iz Carigrada u Rim (Vatikan), gde su počivale sve dok 2004. dogovorom nisu vraćene u Istanbul.

Kao svetitelj praznuje se 13. novembra (26. novembra po novom kalendaru). Osim toga 27. januara se obeležava prenos njegovih moštiju iz jermenskog sela Komana u Carigrad 438. godine. Takođe, on se ubraja i u Sveta tri jerarha koji se praznuju 30. januara (ovi datumi praznovanja su navedeni prema crkvenom - julijanskom kalendaru).

Sveti Jovan Šangajski je za svetog vladiku Nikolaja Velimirovića svojevremeno izrekao da je Novi Zlatousti naših dana.

Reference uredi

  1. ^ Kelly, Golden Mouth: The Story of John Chrysostom: Ascetic, Preacher, Bishop, (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic 1998: originally published Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995), p. 4 fn. 12; esp. Appendix B passim
  2. ^ Robert Carter, "The Chronology of St. John Chrysostom's Early Life", in Traditio 18:357–64 (1962); Jean Dumortier, "La valeur historique du dialogue de Palladius et la chronologie de saint Jean Chrysostome", in Mélanges de science religieuse, 8:51–56 (1951). Carter dates his birth to the year 349. See also Robert Louis Wilken, John Chrysostom and the Jews: Rhetoric and Reality in the Late Fourth Century, (Berkeley: University of California Press: 1983), p. 5.
  3. ^ „CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. John Chrysostom”. www.newadvent.org. 
  4. ^ Attwater, Donald (1939). St. John Chrysostom: The Voice of Gold. London: Harvill.

Literatura uredi

  • James William Parkes; Jewish-Christian relationships (1969). Prelude to dialogue. Schocken Books. 
  • Allen, Pauline; Mayer, Wendy. (2000). John Chrysostom. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-18252-2. 
  • Attwater, Donald (1960). St. John Chrysostom: Pastor and Preacher. London: Catholic Book Club.
  • Blamires, Harry (1996). The New Bloomsday Book: A Guide Through Ulysses. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-13858-1. 
  • Brändle, R., V. Jegher-Bucher, and Johannes Chrysostomus (1995). Acht Reden gegen Juden (Bibliothek der griechischen Literatur 41), Stuttgart: Hiersemann.
  • Brustein, William I. (2003). Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe before the Holocaust. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77308-9. 
  • Carter, Robert (1962). "The Chronology of St. John Chrysostom's Early Life." Traditio 18:357–64.
  • Chrysostom, John (1979). Discourses Against Judaizing Christians, trans. Paul W. Harkins. The Fathers of the Church; v. 68. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
  • Chuvin, Pierre (1990). "A chronicle of the last pagans". Harvard University Press
  • Dumortier, Jean (1951). "La valeur historique du dialogue de Palladius et la chronologie de saint Jean Chrysostome." Mélanges de science religieuse 8, 51–56.
  • Hartney, Aideen (2004). John Chrysostom and the Transformation of the City. London: Duckworth. ISBN 978-0-520-04757-0. .
  • Joyce, James (1961). Ulysses. New York: The Modern Library.
  • Kelly, John Norman Davidson (1995). Golden Mouth: The Story of John Chrysostom-Ascetic, Preacher, Bishop. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3189-0. .
  • Laqueur, Walter (2006). The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times To The Present Day. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530429-9. .
  • Liebeschuetz, J.H.W.G. (1990). Barbarians and Bishops: Army, Church and State in the Age of Arcadius and Chrysostom. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814886-9. .
  • Lewy, Yohanan [Hans]. "John Chrysostom". Encyclopaedia Judaica (CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0). Ed. Cecil Roth. Keter Publishing House. Encyclopaedia Judaica : The most comprehensive authoritative source on the Jewish world ; includes 26 printed volumes, updated text plus new feature articles, powerful search capabilities, interactive timeline, full multimedia program. Judaica Multimedia. 1997. ISBN 978-965-07-0665-4. .
  • Meeks, Wayne A., and Robert L. Wilken. Jews and Christians in Antioch in the First Four Centuries of the Common Era (The Society of Biblical Literature, Number 13). . Missoula: Scholars Press. 1978. ISBN 978-0-89130-229-2. .
  • Morris, Stephen. "'Let Us Love One Another': Liturgy, Morality, and Political Theory in Chrysostom's Sermons on Rom. 12–13 and II Thess. 2," in: Speculum Sermonis: Interdisciplinary Reflections on the Medieval Sermon, ed. Georgiana Donavin, Cary J. Nederman, and Richard Utz. Turnhout: Brepols, 2004. pp. 89–112.
  • Palladius, Bishop of Aspuna. Palladius on the Life And Times of St. John Chrysostom, transl. and edited by Robert T. Meyer. . New York: Newman Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8091-0358-4. .
  • Parks, James (1969). Prelude to Dialogue. London.
  • Parry, David; Melling, David, ur. (2001). The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-18966-4. 
  • Pradels, W. (2002). "Lesbos Cod. Gr. 27 : The Tale of a Discovery", Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 6, pp. 81–89.
  • Pradels, W., R. Brändle, and M. Heimgartner (2001). "Das bisher vermisste Textstück in Johannes Chrysostomus, Adversus Judaeos, Oratio 2", Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 5, pp. 23–49.
  • Pradels, W., R. Brändle, and M. Heimgartner (2002). "The sequence and dating of the series of John Chrysostom's eight discourses Adversus Judaeos", Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 6, 90–116.
  • Schaff, Philip, and Henry Wace (eds.) (1890). Socrates, Sozomenus: Church Histories (A Select Library of Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, second series, vol. II). New York: The Christian Literature Company.
  • Stark, Rodney (1997). The Rise of Christianity. How the Obscure, Marginal Jesus Movement Became the Dominant Religious Force in the Western World in a Few Centuries. Princeton University Press.
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  • Stow, Kenneth (2006). Jewish Dogs, An Imagine and Its Interpreters: Continiuity in the Catholic-Jewish Encounter. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5281-7. .
  • Wilken, Robert Louis (1983). John Chrysostom and the Jews: Rhetoric and Reality in the Late Fourth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Willey, John H. (1906). Chrysostom: The Orator. Cincinnati: Jennings and Graham.
  • Woods, Thomas (2005). How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization. Washington, D.C.: Regenery. ISBN 978-0-89526-038-3. 
  • Chrysostom's bibliography
  • Sermon on Alms Translated by Margaret M. Sherwood from the Parallel Greek and Latin Text of the Abbé Migne (New York: The New York School of Philanthropy, 1917)
  • The priesthood: a translation of the Peri hierosynes of St. John Chrysostom, by WA Jurgens, (New York: Macmillan, 1955)
  • Commentary on Saint John the apostle and evangelist: homilies 1–47, translated by Sister Thomas Aquinas Goggin, Fathers of the Church vol 33, (New York: Fathers of the Church, Inc, 1957)
  • Commentary on Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist, translated by Sister Thomas Aquinas Goggin. Homilies 48–88, Fathers of the Church vol 41, (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1959) [translation of Homiliae in Ioannem]
  • Baptismal instructions, translated and annotated by Paul W Harkins, (Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1963)
  • Discourses against judaizing Christians, translated by Paul W Harkins., Fathers of the Church vol 68, (Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1979)
  • On the incomprehensible nature of God, translated by Paul W Harkins. Fathers of the Church vol 72, (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1984)
  • On wealth and poverty, translated and introduced by Catharine P Roth, (Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1984)
  • Chrysostom, John (1985). Apologist. Margaret A. Schatkin and Paul W. Harkins, trans. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-0073-6.  [translations of Discourse on blessed Babylas, and Against the Greeks: Demonstration against the pagans that Christ is God.]
  • Chrysostom, John (1986). Homilies on Genesis. Robert C. Hill, trans. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-0074-3.  [translation of Homilies on Genesis 1–17]
  • Chrysostom, John (1986). On marriage and family life. Catherine P. Roth, trans. Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-913836-86-6. 
  • Samuel NC Lieu, ed, The Emperor Julian: panegyric and polemic. Claudius Mamertinus, John Chrysostom, Ephrem the Syrian, (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1986) [contains translation of John Chrysostom, Homily on St. Babylas, against Julian and the pagans XIV-XIX]
  • Commentaries on the sages, translated with an introduction by Robert Charles Hill, 2 vols, (Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2006) [Vol 1 is a translation of the Commentary on Job; vol 2 is a translation of the Commentary on Proverbs]
  • Attwater, Donald (1939). St. John Chrysostom: The Voice of Gold. London: Harvill. 
  • Baur, Chrysostomus (1959). John Chrysostom and His Times. M. Gonzaga, trans (2nd izd.). London: Sands. 
  • Lim, Richard (1995). Public disputation, power, and social order in late antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-585-16041-2. 

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