Jonsko more
Deo Mediteranskog mora južno od Jadranskog mora
Jonsko more (grč. Ιόνιο Πέλαγος [Iónio Pélagos], lat. Mare Ionium, ital. Mare Ionio), deo Sredozemnog mora koji se nalazi između Grčke na istoku, Sicilije na jugozapadu i kontinentalne Italije na zapadu i severozapadu. Iako su ga stariji autori smatrali delom Jadranskog mora, Jonsko more se sada smatra posebnom morskom površinom. U Jonskom moru, južno od Grčke, izmerena je najveća dubina u Sredozemlju (4.900 m).
| Jonsko more | |
|---|---|
 Granice Jonskog mora: crvene linije definišu granicu prema Međunarodnoj hidrografskoj organizaciji | |
| Lokacija | Južna Evropa |
| Koordinate | 38° S; 19° I / 38° S; 19° I |
| Otoke | Sredozemno more |
| Ostrva | Spisak ostrva Jonskog mora |
| Naselja | Igumenica, Parga, Preveza, Astakos, Patras, Krf, Lefkada, Argostoli, Zakintos, Kiparisija, Pilos, Kalamata, Himara, Saranda, Sirakuza, Katanija, Taormina, Mesina, Taranto |
| Vodena površina na Vikimedijinoj ostavi | |
Jonsko more je povezano s Tirenskim morem Mesinskim moreuzom, a s Jadranskim morem Otrantskim moreuzom.
Postoje trajektne rute između Patrasa i Igumenice, Grčka, i Brindizija i Ankone u Italiji, koje prelaze istočno i severno od Jonskog mora, i od Pireja ka zapadu. Kalipso abis, najdublja tačka na Mediteranu na 5.109 m (16.762 ft), nalazi se u Jonskom moru, na 36° 34′ N 21° 8′ E / 36.567° S; 21.133° I.[1][2] Ovo more je jedno od seizmički najaktivnijih područja na svetu.
Etimologija uredi
Naziv jonski potiče od grčke reči Ionion (Ἰόνιον). Njegova etimologija je nepoznata.[3] Starogrčki pisci, posebno Eshil, povezivali su ga sa mitom o Iju. U starogrčkom je pridev Ionios (Ἰόνιος) korišćen kao epitet za more, jer ga je Ija preplivao.[4][5][6] Prema Oksfordskom klasičnom rečniku, ime može da potiče od Jonaca koji su plovili na Zapad.[7] Bilo je i narativa o drugim eponimskim legendarnim ličnostima;[8] prema jednoj verziji, Jonije je bio Adrijanov sin (eponim za Jadransko more); po drugom, Jonije je bio Dirahov sin.[9] Kada su Diraha napala njegova rođena braća, u pomoć mu je pritekao Herakle, koji je prolazio tim područjem, ali je u borbi junak greškom ubio sina svog saveznika. Telo je bačeno u vodu, a posle je nazvano Jonsko more.[9]
Na čamskom albanskom dijalektu, more je poznato kao „Fusha e zonjës“, što se prevodi kao „damin domen.[10]
Geografija uredi
Opseg uredi
Međunarodna hidrografska organizacija definiše granice Jonskog mora na sledeći način:[11]
- Na severu. Linija koja ide od ušća reke Butrint (39°44'N) u Albaniji, do rta Karagol na Krfu (39°45'N), duž severne obale Krfa do rta Kefali (39°45'N) i odatle do rta Santa Marija di Leuka u Italiji.
- Na istoku. Od ušća reke Butrinto u Albaniji niz obalu kopna do rta Matapan.
- Na jugu. Linija od rta Matapan do rta Pasero, južne tačke Sicilije.
- Na zapadu. Istočna obala Sicilije i jugoistočna obala Italije do rta Santa Marija di Leuka.
Mesta i luke uredi
Zalivi i prolazi uredi
- zaliv Skilaće - severna obala
- Tarantski zaliv - severna obala
- zaliv Arta - istočna obala
- Patraski zaliv, koji se produžava u Korintski zaliv - istočna obala
- Mesinski moreuz - severozapad
- Otrantska vrata - sever
Istorija uredi
Ovo more je bilo mesto čuvene pomorske bitke između Oktavijana i Marka Antonija poznate kao Bitka kod Akijuma, rata vođenog 31. p. n. e.,[12] a takođe je poznato i po heroju iz starogrčke mitologije po imenu Odisej, koji je bio sa ostrva Itaka.[13]
References uredi
- ^ Gade, Martin (15. 3. 2008). „The European Marginal and Enclosed Seas: An Overview”. Ur.: Barale, Vittorio. Remote Sensing of the European Seas. Springer Science+Business Media. str. 3—22. ISBN 978-1-4020-6771-6. LCCN 2007942178. Pristupljeno 28. 8. 2009.
- ^ „NCMR - MAP”. National Observatory of Athens. Arhivirano iz originala 28. 8. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 5. 4. 2018.
- ^ Babiniotis, Lexiko tis Neoellinikis Glossas.
- ^ Pigoń, Jakub (18. 12. 2008). The Children of Herodotus: Greek and Roman Historiography and Related Genres. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. str. 114. ISBN 978-1-4438-0251-2.
- ^ LSJ, A Greek-English Lexicon s.v. Ἰόνιος.
- ^ Freely, John (30. 4. 2008). The Ionian Islands: Corfu, Cephalonia and Beyond. I.B.Tauris. str. 10. ISBN 978-0-85771-828-0.
- ^ Keahey, John (15. 7. 2014). A Sweet and Glorious Land: Revisiting the Ionian Sea. St. Martin's Press. str. 116. ISBN 978-1-4668-7603-3.
- ^ Anthon, Charles (1869). A Classical Dictionary Containing an Account of the Principal Proper Names Mentioned in Ancient Authors [and Intended to Elucidate All the Important Points Connected with the Geography, History, Biography, Mythology, and Fine Arts of the Greeks and Romans: Together with an Account of Coins, Weights, and Measures, with Tabular Values of the Same]. Harper [& Brothers]. str. 679.
- ^ a b Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (2008). Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas. BRILL. str. 157. ISBN 978-90-04-15576-3.
- ^ Fatos Mero Rrapaj (1995). Fjalori Onomastik i Epirit. Eurorilindja. page 144-145. "Deti Jon:.....Fusha e Zonjës, siç e quan populli çam"
- ^ Limits of Oceans and Seas (PDF) (3rd izd.). Organisation hydrographique internationale. 1953. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 8. 10. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 28. 12. 2020.
- ^ „Battle of Actium | ancient Roman history | Britannica”.
- ^ „Odysseus | Myth, Significance, Trojan War, & Odyssey | Britannica”.
Literatura uredi
- Elmer LaMoreaux, Philip (2001). „Geologic/Hydrogeologic Setting and Classification of Springs”. Springs and Bottled Waters of the World: Ancient History, Source, Occurrence, Quality and Use. Springer. str. 57. ISBN 978-3-540-61841-6.
- Pinet, Paul R. (2008). Invitation to Oceanography. Paleoceanography. 30. Jones & Barlett Learning. str. 220. ISBN 978-0-7637-5993-3.
- Boxer, Baruch. „Mediterranean Sea”. Encyclopædia Britannica (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 23. 10. 2015.
- Abulafia, David (2011). The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press.
- Davidson, Tom (11. 4. 2019). „Archaeologists discover 3,600-year-old shipwreck that sunk in a storm”. mirror. Pristupljeno 5. 5. 2019.
- „Turkish archaeologists discover world's 'oldest' Bronze Age shipwreck off Antalya coast”. DailySabah. 8. 4. 2019. Pristupljeno 5. 5. 2019.
- „Turkey: 3,600-year-old shipwreck found in Mediterranean”. www.aa.com.tr. Pristupljeno 5. 5. 2019.
- Balard, Michel (2003). Bull, Marcus Graham; Edbury, Peter; Phillips, Jonathan, ur. The Experience of Crusading, Volume 2 – Defining the Crusader Kingdom. Cambridge University Press. str. 23—35. ISBN 978-0-521-78151-0.
- Couper, Alastair (2015). The Geography of Sea Transport. str. 33—37. ISBN 978-1-317-35150-4.
- Housley, Norman (2006). Contesting the Crusades. Blackwell Publishing. str. 152–54. ISBN 978-1-4051-1189-8.
- Brundage, James (2004). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-94880-1.
- Davis, Robert (5. 12. 2003). Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800
. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-71966-4. Pristupljeno 17. 1. 2013. - „British Slaves on the Barbary Coast”. Bbc.co.uk. Pristupljeno 17. 1. 2013.
- C.I. Gable – Constantinople Falls to the Ottoman Turks Arhivirano 29 oktobar 2014 na sajtu Wayback Machine - Boglewood Timeline – 1998 – Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- "History of the Ottoman Empire, an Islamic Nation where Jews Lived" Arhivirano 18 oktobar 2014 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- Vella, Andrew P. (1985). „Mediterranean Malta” (PDF). Hyphen. 4 (5): 469—472. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 29. 3. 2017. g.
- Bai, Yan; He, Xianqiang; Yu, Shujie; Chen, Chen-Tung (2018-02-28). „Changes in the Ecological Environment of the Marginal Seas along the Eurasian Continent from 2003 to 2014”. Sustainability (na jeziku: engleski). 10 (3): 635. ISSN 2071-1050. doi:10.3390/su10030635
. - „Limits of Oceans and Seas” (PDF) (3rd izd.). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 8. 10. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 28. 12. 2020.
- Lionello, P. (2012). The Climate of the Mediterranean Region: From the Past to the Future. Elsevier. str. lxii. ISBN 9780123914774. „Geographically, the Mediterranean catchment is extremely large and heterogeneous, covering an area of approximately 5 millions km². It extends from the equator, where the springs of the White Nile River are located, to the source of the Rhone River at approximately 48°N. In longitude, it spans about 40°, from the middle of the Iberian peninsula, at 4°W, towards southern Turkey and the Middle East coasts facing the Mediterranean Sea (35°E).”
- Poulos, Serafeim (2011). „An insight to the fluvial characteristics of the Mediterranean and Black Sea watersheds”. Advances in the Research of Aquatic Environment. Springer Nature. str. 191. „The drainage basin of the Mediterranean Sea, accounting for some 4,184 103 km² (including the R. Nile)”
- Margat, Jean F. (2004). Mediterranean Basin Water Atlas. UNESCO. str. 4. ISBN 9782951718159.
- García-García, D. (2022). „Hydrological cycle of the Mediterranean-Black Sea system”. Climate Dynamics. 59 (7–8): 1919—1938. Bibcode:2022ClDy...59.1919G. doi:10.1007/s00382-022-06188-2 . „In the continents, the drainage basins discharging into the Mediterranean and Black seas are defined according to the global continental runoff pathways scheme (Oki and Sud 1998), and they cover 5.34 × 106 and 2.43 × 106 km², respectively”
- Gupta, Avijit (2008). Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management. John Wiley & Sons. str. 275. ISBN 9780470723715. „The highest point in the Nile basin is Mount Stanley (5109 m) in the Ruwenzori Mountain range between Lake Edward and Lake Albert”
- „The Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment: Hydrological and climatic setting.”. Mediterranean Action Plan of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/MAP). Arhivirano iz originala 24. 10. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 16. 4. 2022. „The Mediterranean is an area of transition between a temperate Europe with relatively abundant and consistent water resources, and the arid African and Arabian deserts that are very short of water.”
- „Drainage basin of the Mediterranean Sea”. Our Waters: Joining Hands Across Borders: First Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2007. str. 154—181. Arhivirano iz originala 15. 4. 2022. g. Pristupljeno 15. 4. 2022.
- Maier, Andreas (2015). The Central European Magdalenian: Regional Diversity and Internal Variability. Springer Publishing. str. 187. ISBN 9789401772068. „The major geographic features characterizing the landscape are the Rhône-Saône valley, the Jura Mountains, the Molasse basin and the northwestern slopes of the Alps.”
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- Egejsko i Jonsko more – naziv www.grcki.com
- The Ionian-Puglia Network of Ground Meteorological Stations (real-time weather observations) Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (21. mart 2023)
