Jukatanski kanal
Jukatanski kanal (šp. Canal de Yucatán) je moreuz između Meksika i Kube. Povezuje Karipsko more sa Meksičkim zalivom. Širok je 200 km i dubok gotovo 2 800 m, u svojoj najdubljoj tački koja je u blizini obale Kube.[1]
Jukatanski kanal | |
---|---|
Koordinate | 21° 34′ 42″ S; 85° 54′ 27″ Z / 21.578333° S; 85.9075° Z |
Maks. širina | 217 km (135 mi) km |
Maks. dubina | 2.779 m (9.117 ft) m |
Vodena površina na Vikimedijinoj ostavi |
Prostire se između meksikanskog rta Kapoč i kubanskog rta San Antonio.[2] Voda kroz kanal protiče od istoka ka zapadu pod uticajem Severnoekvatorijalne struje i Južnoekvatorijalne struje. Kada ova voda protiče pored Jukatana, naziva se Jukatanskom strujom.[3] Ova struja obezbeđuje najveći priliv vode u Meksički zaliv, pošto je količina vode koja dospe u njega preko Floridskog moreuza znatno manja.[4]
Struje uredi
Jukatanski kanal odvaja Kubu od meksičkog Jukatanskog poluostrva i povezuje Karipsko more sa Meksičkim zalivom. Tesnac je dugačak 217 km (135 mi) između rta Katoče u Meksiku i rta San Antonio na Kubi.[5] On ima maksimalnu dubinu u blizini kubanske obale od 2,779 m (9 ft 1,4 in).[6] Voda teče kroz Karipsko more od istoka ka zapadu. Ovaj tok se sastoji od 5 Sv vode iz Severne ekvatorijalne struje[7] koja teče kroz Vetrovni prolaz[8][9][10] i 12 Sv vode iz Južnoekvatorijalne struje koja teče duž obale Brazila. Ukupan protok je oko 17 Sv na temperaturi od najmanje 17 °C (63 °F). Kada ova voda protiče pored poluostrva Jukatan, postaje Jukatanska struja.[11] Ova struja obezbeđuje najveći deo dotoka vode u Meksički zaliv pošto je količina vode koja ulazi kroz Floridski moreuz mala i povremena.[4] Jukatanska struja snažno teče na zapadnoj strani kanala, dok kubanska protivstruja teče u suprotnom smeru na istočnoj strani kanala. Ispod Jukatanske struje nalazi se Jukatanska potstruja koja teče prema jugu i pri tome oduzima vodu iz Meksičkog zaliva.[4]
Koralni grebeni uredi
Dok voda prolazi kroz Jukatanski kanal i priliva se u Meksički zaliv, prolazi preko koralnih grebena.[12][13][14][15][16] Neki od korala koji grade grebene su: Acropora cervicornis, Acropora palmata i Montastraea annularis. Međutim, krajem 1990-ih većina korala je izumrlo. Biodiverzitet ove oblasti je ugrožen zbog prekomerne eksploatacije.[17][18]
Vidi još uredi
Reference uredi
- ^ Free Dictionary
- ^ Britannica
- ^ Gyory, Joanna; Mariano, Arthur J.; Ryan, Edward H. „The Caribbean Current”. Ocean surface currents. Arhivirano iz originala 08. 04. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 2013-08-31.
- ^ a b v Gyory, Joanna; Mariano, Arthur J.; Ryan, Edward H. „The Yucatan Current”. Ocean surface currents. Arhivirano iz originala 04. 08. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 2013-08-31.
- ^ Britannica
- ^ Free Dictionary
- ^ Zhang, Linlin (2017). „Structure and Variability of the North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent from Mooring Measurements at 130°E in the Western Pacific”. Scientific Reports. 7: 46310. Bibcode:2017NatSR...746310Z. PMC 5395815 . PMID 28422095. doi:10.1038/srep46310 .
- ^ Riley, Shannon Rose (2006). Imagi-Nations in black and white: Cuba, Haiti, and the performance of difference in United States national projects, 1898–1940 (Teza). University of California, Davis. str. 50. OCLC 191680434. Arhivirano iz originala 23. 3. 2012. g.
- ^ Symithe, S.; Calais, E.; Chabalier, J. B.; Robertson, R.; Higgins, M. (2015). „Current block motions and strain accumulation on active faults in the Caribbean.”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 120 (5): 3748—3774. Bibcode:2015JGRB..120.3748S. doi:10.1002/2014JB011779 .
- ^ Bell, Katherine (2015-03-01). Brennan, Mike; Raineault, Nicole, ur. „New Frontiers in Ocean Exploration: The E/V Nautilus 2014 Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Field Season”. Oceanography. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.supplement.01 .
- ^ Gyory, Joanna; Mariano, Arthur J.; Ryan, Edward H. „The Caribbean Current”. Ocean surface currents. Arhivirano iz originala 08. 04. 2009. g. Pristupljeno 2013-08-31.
- ^ „How Reefs Are Made”. Coral Reef Alliance. 2021. Arhivirano iz originala 3. 11. 2021. g. Pristupljeno 19. 4. 2022.
- ^ Lee, Jeong-Hyun; Chen, Jitao; Chough, Sung Kwun (1. 6. 2015). „The middle–late Cambrian reef transition and related geological events: A review and new view”. Earth-Science Reviews. 145: 66—84. Bibcode:2015ESRv..145...66L. ISSN 0012-8252. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.03.002.
- ^ Spalding MD, Grenfell AM (1997). „New estimates of global and regional coral reef areas”. Coral Reefs. 16 (4): 225—230. S2CID 46114284. doi:10.1007/s003380050078.
- ^ Mulhall, M. (proleće 2009). „Saving rainforests of the sea: An analysis of international efforts to conserve coral reefs”. Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum. 19: 321—351. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 1. 2010. g.
- ^ „Where are Corals Found?”. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA. 13. 5. 2011. Arhivirano iz originala 2016-03-04. g. Pristupljeno 24. 3. 2015.
- ^ Jord, E. „Mexico”. Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean. World Resources Institute. Arhivirano iz originala 08. 05. 2013. g. Pristupljeno 2013-08-31.
- ^ Cortés, J., ur. (2003). Latin American Coral Reefs. Gulf Professional Publishing. str. 134—147. ISBN 9780080535395.
Literatura uredi
- Renne, P. R.; Deino, A. L.; Hilgen, F. J.; Kuiper, K. F.; Mark, D. F.; Mitchell, W. S.; Morgan, L. E.; Mundil, R.; Smit, J. (2013). „Time Scales of Critical Events Around the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary”. Science. 339 (6120): 684—687. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..684R. PMID 23393261. S2CID 6112274. doi:10.1126/science.1230492.
- Osterloff, Emily (2018). „How an asteroid ended the age of the dinosaurs”. London: Natural History Museum. Arhivirano iz originala 26. 4. 2022. g. Pristupljeno 18. 5. 2022.
- Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Rennie, Samuel R.; Olguín, Jerónimo Avilés; Stinnesbeck, Sarah R.; Gonzalez, Silvia; Frank, Norbert; Warken, Sophie; Schorndorf, Nils; Krengel, Thomas; Morlet, Adriana Velázquez; González, Arturo González (5. 2. 2020). „New evidence for an early settlement of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: The Chan Hol 3 woman and her meaning for the Peopling of the Americas”. PLOS ONE (na jeziku: engleski). 15 (2): e0227984. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1527984S. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7001910 . PMID 32023279. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227984 .
- PLOS (5. 2. 2020). „9,900-Year-Old Skeleton Discovered in Submerged Mexican Cave Has a Distinctive Skull”. SciTechDaily (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 19. 3. 2020.
- Geggel, Laura (5. 2. 2020). „9,900-year-old skeleton of horribly disfigured woman found in Mexican cave”. livescience.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 19. 3. 2020.
- Olson, D. M; E. Dinerstein; et al. (2001). „Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth”. BioScience. 51 (11): 933—938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 .
- Heilprin, Angelo (1891). „Observations on the Flora of Northern Yucatan”. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 29 (136): 137—144. JSTOR 982931.
- Juan Luis Pena Chapa, Manuel Martin Castillo, and Juan Carlos Gonzalez Avila, The Performance of the Economy of the Yucatan Peninsula from 1970–1993 [1]
- Marcio L. Teixeira,The Impact of the Geologic History of the Yucatán Peninsula on the Present Day Aquifer,2004 [2]
- Heilprin, Angelo (1891). „Observations on the Flora of Northern Yucatan”. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 29 (136): 137—144. JSTOR 982931.
- The Caribbean Sea Arhivirano 2018-01-04 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- „The Caribbean Sea”.
- „Mesoamerican Reef | Places | WWF”. World Wildlife Fund. Pristupljeno 2016-10-21.
- Gorgas, William C. (1912). „Sanitation at Panama”. Journal of the American Medical Association. American Medical Association. 58 (13): 907. ISSN 0002-9955. doi:10.1001/jama.1912.04260030305001. „The Pacific Ocean, south of this isthmus [Panama], was known to the early explorers as the South Sea, and the Caribbean, lying to the north, as the North Sea.”
- Zhang, Linlin (2017). „Structure and Variability of the North Equatorial Current/Undercurrent from Mooring Measurements at 130°E in the Western Pacific”. Scientific Reports. 7: 46310. Bibcode:2017NatSR...746310Z. PMC 5395815 . PMID 28422095. doi:10.1038/srep46310 .
- Chen, Zhaohui; Wu, Lixin (2020). „Dynamics of the seasonal variation of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation”. Journal of Geophysical Research. 145. doi:10.1029/2010JC006664 .
- Lübbecke, Joke F. (2018). „Equatorial Atlantic variability—Modes, mechanisms, and global teleconnections” (PDF). Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change. 9 (4). S2CID 135095604. doi:10.1002/wcc.527.
- Johnson, George C (2002). „Direct measurements of upper ocean currents and water properties across the tropical Pacific during the 1990s”. Progress in Oceanography. 52 (1): 31—61. Bibcode:2002PrOce..52...31J. doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00021-6.
- Danovaro, Roberto; Bongiorni, Lucia; Corinaldesi, Cinzia; Giovannelli, Donato; Damiani, Elisabetta; Astolfi, Paola; Greci, Lucedio; Pusceddu, Antonio (april 2008). „Sunscreens Cause Coral Bleaching by Promoting Viral Infections”. Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (4): 441—447. PMC 2291018 . PMID 18414624. doi:10.1289/ehp.10966.
- „Corals reveal impact of land use”. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2013.
- Minato, Charissa (1. 7. 2002). „Urban runoff and coastal water quality being researched for effects on coral reefs” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 10. 6. 2010. g.
- „Coastal Watershed Factsheets – Coral Reefs and Your Coastal Watershed”. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. jul 1998. Arhivirano iz originala 2010-08-30. g.
- „The Sixth Status of Corals of the World: 2020 Report”. GCRMN. Pristupljeno 2021-10-05.
- Costanza, Robert; de Groot, Rudolph; Sutton, Paul (2014). „Changes in the global value of ecosystem services”. Global Environmental Change. 26 (1): 152—158. S2CID 15215236. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002.