Izbeglica
Izbeglica je osoba koja je protiv svoje volje raseljena iz svog zavičaja ili mesta prebivališta.[2] Do proširenja definicije izbeglice došlo je 1938. godine, kada su u ovu kategoriju svrstane i osobe sa objektivno utemeljenim strahom od progona zbog etničke i verske pripadnosti ili političkih ubeđenja, da bi se potom ovaj termin proširio i na sve one ljude koji su pobegli iz svojih domova na druga mesta unutar svojih zemalja. Danas se ovaj pojam odnosi na tzv. raseljena lica. Izbeglički status traje sve dok lice ne dobije novo mesto prebivališta ili se vrati kući. Prema podacima iz 2012.-te godine jedna od svake četiri izbeglice je iz Avganistana čime je ova zemlja vodeća po broju izbeglih ljudi.[3]
| Ukupna populacija | |
|---|---|
| oko 25,4 miliona (19,9 miliona po mandatu Visokog komesara Ujedinjenih nacija za izbeglice (UNHCR) i 5,4 miliona po mandatu UNRWA (2017) | |
| Regioni sa značajnom populacijom | |
| Podsaharska Afrika | 6,236 miliona |
| Evropa i Severna Azija | 6,088 miliona |
| Azija i Pacifik | 4,153 miliona |
| Bliski istok i Severna Amerika | 2,653 miliona |
| Amerika | 484.261 |
Izbeglicom se može nazivati tražilac azila dok država ugovornica ili Visoki komesarijat Ujedinjenih nacija za izbeglice (UNHCR) ne dodele status izbeglice[4], ako je formalno podnesen zahtev za azil.[5] Vodeća međunarodna agencija koja koordinira zaštitu izbeglica je Kancelarija Ujedinjenih nacija UNHCR. Ujedinjene nacije imaju drugu kancelariju za izbeglice, Agenciju Ujedinjenih nacija za pomoć i radove (UNRWA), koja je isključivo odgovorna za podršku velikoj većini palestinskih izbeglica.[6]
Reference uredi
- ^ „Populations | Global Focus”. Arhivirano iz originala 09. 04. 2018. g. Pristupljeno 04. 08. 2021.
- ^ FAQ: Who is a refugee? www.unhcr.org, accessed 22 June 2021
- ^ UNHCR:Facts and Figures on Refugees
- ^ Convention Protocol relating 1967.
- ^ Truth about asylum.
- ^ „UNRWA | United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East”. UNRWA. Pristupljeno 2017-08-23.
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Spoljašnje veze uredi
Mediji vezani za članak Izbeglica na Vikimedijinoj ostavi