Istočni blok

Istočni blok, ređe Komunistički blok ili Sovjetski blok, naziv je koji se koristi za grupu komunističkih država koja je u drugoj polovini 20. veka postojala u današnjoj centralnoj i istočnoj Evropi. Činio ga je Sovjetski Savez i države gde su u nekoliko godina nakon završetka Drugog svetskog rata uspostavljeni socijalistički ili prosovjetski režimi — Poljska, Čehoslovačka, Mađarska, Rumunija, Bugarska te Nemačka Demokratska Republika (nastala od sovjetske okupacione zone u poraženoj Nemačkoj).

Zemlje Istočnog bloka; Jugoslavija i Albanija, koje su naknadno izašle iz bloka, označene su posebno.

Bloku su od početka pripadale i Jugoslavija i Albanija, ali su obe izašle iz Istočnog bloka - Jugoslavija zbog raskola Tita sa Staljinom 1948. godine, a Albanija zato što se tokom kinesko-sovjetskog raskola opredelila za maoističku NR Kinu.

Blok je u formalnom smislu bio organizovan preko ekonomske organizacije Savet za uzajamnu ekonomsku pomoć (SEV), uspostavljene 1949. godine, te vojne organizacije Varšavskog pakta, uspostavljene 1955. godine.

Prestanak postojanja

Blok je de fakto prestao da postoji nakon revolucija 1989. godine, kada su u zemljama istočne Evrope uspostavljeni antisovjetski i antikomunistički režimi, odnosno neposredno pred raspad Sovjetskog Saveza 1991. godine.

Prošireno značenje

Ponekad se u Istočni blok ubrajaju i neevropske zemlje koje su tokom Hladnog rata bile u čvrstom političkom savezu, odnosno ideološki bliske Sovjetskom Savezu, kao što su Vijetnam, Kuba, Južni Jemen i Etiopija. Za njih se ponekad koristi izraz Drugi svet.

Vidi još

• Savet za uzajamnu ekonomsku pomoć
• Varšavski pakt

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