Википедија

Kostim doktora za kugu

Kostim doktora za kugu bila je odeća koju je doktor za kugu nosio da ga zaštiti od bolesti prenošenih vazduhom. Kostim, koji potiče iz 17. veka, sastojao se od kaputa dugog do članaka i maske sa ptičjim kljunom, koja je bila napunjena slatkim supstancama, ili supstancama jakog mirisa (često je to bila lavanda), kao i od rukavica, šešira sa obodom, čizama, i nekog komada odeće koji se oblačio preko svega.[2]

Paul Frust, graviranje, s. 1721, doktor za kugu. Njegov klljun koji je nosio, bio je napunjen biljnim supstancama za zaštitu od kuge.[1]

Opis uredi

 
Kostim doktora za kugu iz Nemačke iz (sedamnestog veka).

Maska je imala staklene otvore za oči i zaobljeni kljun u obliku kao kod ptica.[3][4] Kljun je bio trouglastog oblika za mirisne stvari. Neki od mirisnih materijala su ćilibar, matičnjak, metvica lišća, kamfor, karanfilić, tinktura opijuma. Svrha maske je bila da štiti od lošeg vazduha, koji su smatrali da je uzrok bolesti.[5][6] Drveni štap korišten je kako bi se pregledalo pacijenta bez dodira.[7] Zaštitno odelo bilo je sastavljeno od kaputa teških tkanina pokrivenih voskom te su pokrivali od glave do pete.

Istorija uredi

Iako deluje neobično, baš svaki deo maske imao je funkciju olakšavanja života lekara kad bi brinuli o bolesnoj populaciji. Zaštitno odelo rad je doktora Čarls Delormea (1584–1678). On je bio lekar nekolicini francuskih kraljeva a takođe je bio omiljeni lekar porodice Mediči. On je 1619, dok je pažljivo razmišljao o načinu vlastite zaštite pri posetama visoko zaraznih pacijenata s kugom, osmislio ovu ikonsku uniformu koja je brzo postala odelo izbora lekara širom Evrope. Lekar kuge Kostimi su se prvo koristili u Parizu, ali posle su se proširili širom Evrope. Zaštitno odelo bilo je sastavljeno od kaputa teških tkanina pokrivenih voskom te su pokrivali od glave do pete.

Reference uredi

  1. ^ Füssli’s image is reproduced and discussed in Robert Fletcher, Tragedija Velike kuge u Milanu 1630. (Baltimor: Lord Baltimor štampa, 1898). str. 16–17.
  2. ^
    • Pommerville (Body Systems). str. 15
    • Bauer. str. 145
    • Abrams. str. 257
    • Byfield. str. 26
    • Glaser. str. 33-34.
  3. ^ Carmichael, A.G. (2009), „Plague, Historical”, Ur.: Schaechter, Moselio, Encyclopedia of Microbiology (3rd izd.), Elsevier, str. 58—72, doi:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00311-4 
  4. ^ Iqbal Akhtar Khan (maj 2004). „Plague: the dreadful visitation occupying the human mind for centuries”. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 98 (5): 270—277. PMID 15109549. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(03)00059-2. „Charles Delorme (1584—1678), personal physician to King Louis XIII, was credited with introducing special protective clothing for plague doctors during the epidemic in Marseilles. It consisted of a beak-like mask supplied with aromatic substance, presumed to act as filter against the odour emanating from the patients, and a loose gown covering the normal clothing. On occasions, a drifting fragrance such as camphor was used.” 
  5. ^ O'Donnell. str. 135.
  6. ^ Stuart, str. 15
  7. ^ Doktor Schnabel von Rom, engraving by Paul Fürst (after J Columbina), Rome 1656.

Literatura uredi

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Spoljašnje veze uredi

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