Mol (muzika)

Naziv mol označava klasu muzičkih lestvica čiji je kvintakord (takođe poznat kao trozvuk) prema nekim muzičkim školama uniformno nazvan C-Es-G, nezavisno od tonaliteta.^[1] U principu, kvintakord molske lestvice se sastoji od dva relativna intervala - mala terca i velika terca - odnosno od dva apsolutna intervala - mala terca i čista kvinta - koji mu daju specifičan „setan“ - „tužan“ prizvuk, premda se ovi izrazi u teoriji muzike u ovom kontekstu zaobilaze.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Molska lestvica se može izgraditi na svakom od 12 standardnih tonova, što ukupno daje 12 molskih lestvica u klasičnoj teoriji muzike. Svaka od njih ima tri osnovne varijacije, u zavisnosti od odnosa donje medijante (šesti stepen lestvice) i vođice (sedmi stepen lestvice) sa tonikom. U zavisnosti od prethodnog jednu molsku lestvicu možemo nazvati prirodnom, harmonijskom ili melodijskom.

Ove tri vrste molske lestvice se od durskih generalno razlikuju po rasponu između tonike (prvi stepen lestvice) i gornje medijante (treći stepen lestvice). Kod mola je to mala terca, dok dur na ovom mestu karakteriše velika terca.

Pored ovih osnovnih varijacija moliskih lestvica postoje još ciganski mol, dorski harmonski mol i mnoge druge folklorne i starocrkvene modifikacije osnovnih lestvica.

Vrste uredi

Karakteristike intervala između tonike i ostalih stepena lestvice kod ova tri vrste mola su sledeće:^[5]^[6]^[7]

Stepen	Odnos sa tonikom
Supertonika	velika sekunda
Gornja medijanta	mala terca^*
Subdominanta	čista kvarta
Dominanta	čista kvinta
Donja medijanta	zavisno od vrste mola
Vođica	zavisno od vrste mola

^* - Ovo je glavna razlika između durskih i molskih lestvica.

Prirodni mol uredi

Prva vrsta mola nosi ime prirodni mol. Njega karakterišu mala seksta između tonike i donje medijante i mala septima između tonike i vođice. Ova lestvica ima polustepene između supertonike i gornje medijante i između dominante i donje medijante.

Prirodna a mol lestvica

Harmonski mol uredi

Jedina razlika između prirodnog i harmonskog mola je u intervalu između tonike i vođice koje je kod harmonskog mola velika septima. Ova lestvica ima polustepene između supertonike i gornje medijante, između dominante i donje medijante i između vođice i tonike.

Harmonska a mol lestvica

Melodijski mol uredi

Melodijski mol karakterišu velika seksta, između tonike i donje medijante, i velika septima, između tonike i vođice. Ova lestvica ima polustepene između supertonike i gornje medijante i između vođice i tonike.

Reference uredi

^ Kostka, Stefan; Payne, Dorothy (2004). Tonal Harmony (5th izd.). New York: McGraw-Hill. str. 12. ISBN 0-07-285260-7.
^ Jones, George Thaddeus (1974). Music Theory: The Fundamental Concepts of Tonal Music Including Notation, Terminology, and Harmony . Barnes & Noble Outline Series 137. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 9780064601375.
^ Benward, Bruce, and Marilyn Nadine Saker (2003). Music: In Theory and Practice, seventh edition, 2 volumes. Boston: McGraw-Hill ISBN 978-0-07-294262-0.
^ Bernard, Jonathan (1981). "Pitch/Register in the Music of Edgar Varèse." Music Theory Spectrum 3: 1–25.
^ Bandur, Markus. 2001. Aesthetics of Total Serialism: Contemporary Research from Music to Architecture. Basel, Boston and Berlin: Birkhäuser.
^ Baroni, Mario (1983). "The Concept of Musical Grammar", translated by Simon Maguire and William Drabkin. Music Analysis 2, no. 2:175–208.
^ Bartlette, Christopher, and Steven G. Laitz (2010). Graduate Review of Tonal Theory. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537698-2.

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