Špijunaža

Špijunaža je obaveštajna delatnost koja se sastoje od odavanja ili saopštavanja prikupljenih podataka koji predstavljaju vojnu, službenu, privrednu ili industrijsku tajnu drugoj osobi, ratnoj strani, državi ili organizaciji. Podvrgnuta je međunarodnom pravu isključivo u oblasti međunarodnog humanitarnog prava, a u mirnodopskim uslovima spada pod krivično pravo pojedine države.

Osoba koja se bavi špijunažom naziva se špijun ili špijunka, a sredstva i načini kojima oni dolaze do podataka su: praćenje, tajno i neprimetno prisluškivanje razgovora bilo da su to razgovori telefonom, na internetu, tj. društvenim mrežama ili uživo na javnom mestu razgovor između dve osobe tako što se tiho ušunjaju, sakriju se ili preko vrata ili zida prisluškuju, krađa pisama, tuđih podatka, pa tajno motrenje kretanja, rada ili neke druge aktivnosti posmatrane strane, dostavljanje podataka, poverljivih tajnih informacija, odavanje, potkazivanje ili cinkarenje itd. Špijuni su često poliglote, govore više od dva ili tri strana jezika, a neretko se u zavisnosti od zadatka prerušavaju u npr. žene, noseći perike, haljine i šminku, nose odela, glume da su neka druga osoba, imaju lažna dokumenta, papire, pasoš i ličnu kartu. Trude se da ne ostave nikakve otiske prstiju, da su im đonovi čisti od cipela, nose rukavice, da ne piju ništa na javnom mestu ili događaju, ne pričaju mnogo, samo ako im se neko obrati itd.

Vidi još

• Mata Hari
• Rihard Zorge
• Nikolaj Kuznjecov
• Džejms Bond

Literatura

• Johnson, John (1997). The Evolution of British Sigint, 1653–1939. London: HMSO. OCLC 52130886. 
• Winkler, Jonathan Reed (jul 2009). „Information Warfare in World War I”. The Journal of Military History. 73 (3): 845—867. ISSN 1543-7795. S2CID 201749182. doi:10.1353/jmh.0.0324. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Aldrich, Richard J., Christopher Andrew, ur. (7. 8. 2019). Secret Intelligence: A Reader (2nd izd.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0415705684. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak urednika (veza)CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza). 2018); focus on the 21st century; reprints 30 essays by scholars.
• Burnham, Frederick Russell (1944). Taking Chances. 
• Felix, Christopher [pseudonym for James McCarger] Intelligence Literature: Suggested Reading List. US CIA. Pristupljeno 2. 9. 2012. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza) A Short Course in the Secret War, 4th Edition. Madison Books. 2017. ASIN B072BM8WQ1. . November 19, 2001.
• Friedman, George. America's Secret War: Inside the Hidden Worldwide Struggle Between the United States and Its Enemies 2005
• Gopnik, Adam (2. 9. 2019). „Spy vs. Spy vs. Spy: How valuable is espionage?”. The New Yorker: 53—59. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza) "There seems to be a paranoid paradox of espionage: the better your intelligence, the dumber your conduct; the more you know, the less you anticipate.... Hard-won information is ignored or wildly misinterpreted.... [It] happens again and again [that] a seeming national advance in intelligence is squandered through cross-bred confusion, political rivalry, mutual bureaucratic suspicions, intergovernmental competition, and fear of the press (as well as leaks to the press), all seasoned with dashes of sexual jealousy and adulterous intrigue." (p. 54.)
• Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri (2013). In Spies, We Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-958097-2. . covers U.S. and Britain
• Jenkins, Peter (2010). Surveillance Tradecraft: The Professional's Guide to Surveillance Training. Intel. ISBN 978-0-9535378-2-2. 
• Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth & K. Lee Lerner, ur. (2006). Terrorism: essential primary sources. Thomson Gale. ISBN 978-1-4144-0621-3. . Thomas Gale
• May, Ernest R. ed. Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars (1984).
• O'Toole, George. Honorable Treachery: A History of U.S. Intelligence, Espionage, Covert Action from the American Revolution to the CIA 1991
• Richelson, Jeffery T. (1999). The U.S. Intelligence Community (fourth izd.). Avalon. ISBN 978-0-8133-6893-1. 
• Smith Jr., W. Thomas. (2003). Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. 
• Andrew, Christopher (2018). The Secret World: A History of Intelligence. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300238440. . 940pp. covers ancient history to present;
• Becket, Henry S. A. (1986). Dictionary of Espionage: Spookspeak into English. Stein and Day. ISBN 978-0-8128-3068-2. ' covers 2000 terms
• Besik, Aladashvili (2017). Fearless: A Fascinating Story of Secret Medieval Spies. ASIN B072BM8WQ1. 
• Buranelli, Vincent, Nan Buranelli (1982). Spy Counterspy an Encyclopedia of Espionage. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak autora (veza). 360pp
• Burton, Bob (2014). Dictionary of Espionage and Intelligence. Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-62914-212-8. . 800+ terms used in international and covert espionage
• Dover, R., M.S. Goodman, C. Hillebrand, ur. (2014). Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak urednika (veza)
• Garthoff, Raymond L. (2004). „Foreign Intelligence and the Historiography of the Cold War”. Journal of Cold War Studies. 6 (2): 21—56. doi:10.1162/152039704773254759. 
• Haslam,Jonathan, Karina Urbach, ur. (2014). Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918–1989. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak urednika (veza). covers USSR, Britain, France, East Germany and West Germany
• Hughes-Wilson, John (2017). excerpt. Pegasus Books. ISBN 978-1-68177-302-5. 
• Jeffreys-Jones Rhodri (2015). In spies we trust: the story of Western intelligence. -870190-3.
• Kahn, David. (1967). The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet (2nd izd.). David Kahn. . 1996)
• Keegan, John (2003). Intelligence In War: Knowledge of the Enemy from Napoleon to Al-Qaeda. ISBN 978-0-375-40053-7. 
• Knightley, Philip (1986). The Second Oldest Profession: Spies and Spying in the Twentieth Century. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-02386-2. . online free to borrow
• Lerner, K. Lee, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, ur. (2004). Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak urednika (veza). 1100 pages, 800 entries; emphasis 1990 to present
• Owen, David (2002). Hidden Secrets: A Complete History of Espionage and the Technology Used to Support It. Silverdale Books. ISBN 978-1-55297-564-0. 
• Polmar, Norman, Thomas Allen (1998). Spy Book: The Encyclopedia of Espionage (2nd izd.). Gramercy Books. ISBN 978-0-517-20269-2. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak autora (veza). (2004) 752pp 2000+ entries online freee to borrow
• Richelson, Jeffery T (1997). A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century. 
• Trahair, Richard, Robert L. Miller (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations (2nd izd.). CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak autora (veza). (2004) 572pp; 300+ entries;
• Warner, Michael (2014). The Rise and Fall of Intelligence: An International Security History. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1626161030. 
• Woods, Brett F (2008). Neutral Ground: A Political History of Espionage Fiction. 

Prvi svetski rat

• Andrew, Christopher. (2010-10-19). The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-14-317458-5.  . Section A
• Boghardt, Thomas (2004). Spies of the Kaiser: German Covert Operations in Great Britain during the First World War Era. 
• Boghardt, Thomas (2012). The Zimmermann telegram: intelligence, diplomacy, and America's entry into World War I. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-61251-148-1. 
• Dockrill, Michael., David French, ur. (1996). Strategy and Intelligence: British Policy During the First World War. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak urednika (veza)
• Debruyne, Emmanuel. "Espionage" In: Ute Daniel, et al. eds. 1914-1918-online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War online 22 page scholarly history full text
• Finnegan, Terrance (2009). „The Origins of Modern Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: Military Intelligence at the Front, 1914–18”. Studies in Intelligence. 4: 25—40. 
• Foley, Robert T (2005). „Easy Target or Invincible Enemy? German Intelligence Assessments of France Before the Great War.”. Journal of Intelligence History. 5 (2): 1—24. doi:10.1080/16161262.2005.10555115. 
• Hiley, Nicholas (1986). „Counter-espionage and Security in Great Britain during the First World War”. English Historical Review. 3: 635—70. doi:10.1093/ehr/CI.CCCC.635. 
• Hiley, Nicholas (1985). „The Failure of British Counter-espionage against Germany, 1907–1914”. Historical Journal. 28 (4): 835—62. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00005094. 
• Hiley, Nicholas (2006). „Entering the Lists: MI5's Great Spy Round-up of August 1914.”. Intelligence and National Security. 1: 46—76. doi:10.1080/02684520600568303. 
• Kahn, David (1980). „Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The Major Successes and Failures, Their Causes and Their Effects”. Historical Journal. 23 (3): 617—39. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00024912. 
• Larsen, Daniel (2014). „Intelligence in the First World War: The state of the field.”. Intelligence and National Security. 29 (2): 282—302. doi:10.1080/02684527.2012.727070. , comprehensive overview
• Larsen, Daniel (2017). „British codebreaking and American diplomatic telegrams, 1914–1915.”. Intelligence and National Security. 32 (2): 256—263. doi:10.1080/13698230.2016.1253174. . The British read the American secrets from late 1915 online
• May, Ernest R. ed. Knowing One's Enemy: Intelligence Assessment Before the two World Wars (1984)
• Mount, Graeme (1993). Canada's Enemies: Spies and Spying in the Peaceable Kingdom. ch. 3.
• Pöhlmann, Markus (2005). „German Intelligence at War, 1914–1918.”. Journal of Intelligence History. 5 (2): 25—54. doi:10.1080/16161262.2005.10555116. 
• Seligmann, Matthew (2006). Spies in Uniform: British Military and Naval Intelligence on the Eve of the First World War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926150-5. 
• Spence, Richard B (1996). „K.A. Jahnke and the German Sabotage Campaign in the United States and Mexico, 1914–1918”. Historian. 1: 89—112. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1996.tb00986.x. 
• Witcover, Jules. Sabotage at Black Tom: Imperial Germany's Secret War in America, 1914–1917 (1989).

Međuratni i Drugi svetski rat, 1919–1945

• Breuer, William B (1988). The Secret War with Germany: Deception, Espionage, and Dirty Tricks, 1939–1945. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-89141-298-4. 
• Chambers, I. I.; John Whiteclay (2008). OSS Training in the National Parks and Service Abroad in World War II. NPS. . online; chapters 1–2 and 8–11 provide a useful summary history of OSS by a scholar.
• Crowdy, Terry (2008). Deceiving Hitler: Double Cross and Deception in World War II. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-135-9. 
• De Jong, Louis (1953). The German Fifth Column in the Second World War. . covers activities in all major countries.
• Drea, Edward J. MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War against Japan, 1942–1945 (1992).
• Farago, Ladislas (1971). The game of the foxes: the untold story of German espionage in the United States and Great Britain during World War II. . popular.
• Haufler, Hervie (2014). Codebreakers' Victory: How the Allied Cryptographers Won World War II. 
• Hinsley, F. H.; et al. (1979). British Intelligence in the Second World War. 
  • Beesly, Patrick; et al. (1983). „What You Don't Know by What You Do Know.”. International History Review. 5 (2): 279—290. JSTOR 40105296. doi:10.1080/07075332.1983.9640313. 
• Jackson, Peter, Joseph Maiolo (2006). „Strategic intelligence, Counter-Intelligence and Alliance Diplomacy in Anglo-French relations before the Second World War.”. Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift. 65 (2): 417—462. doi:10.1524/mgzs.2006.65.2.417. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak autora (veza)
• Jörgensen, Christer. Spying for the Fuhrer: Hitler's Espionage Machine (2014).
• Kahn, David (1980). „Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The Major Successes and Failures, Their Causes and Their Effects”. Historical Journal. 23 (3): 617—39. doi:10.1017/S0018246X00024912. 
• Lewin, Ronald (1984). The American magic: codes, ciphers, and the defeat of Japan. 
• Masterman, J. C. (1972). The Double-Cross System: The Incredible True Story of How Nazi Spies Were Turned into Double Agents. Lyons Press. ISBN 1585741302. 
• Mauch, Christof (2005). The Shadow War Against Hitler: The Covert Operations of America's Wartime Secret Intelligence Service. . scholarly history of OSS.
• May, Ernest R. ed. Knowing One's Enemy: Intelligence Assessment Before the two World Wars (1984)
• Murray, Williamson, Allan Reed Millett, ur. (1992). Calculations: net assessment and the coming of World War II. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak urednika (veza)
• Paine, Lauran (1984). German Military Intelligence in World War II: The Abwehr. 
• Persico, Joseph E (2001). Roosevelt's secret war: FDR and World War II espionage. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50246-0. 
• Smith, Richard (1972). OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency. U of California Press. . „online review”. Arhivirano iz originala 01. 11. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 14. 02. 2021. 
• Sexton Jr., Donal J (1996). Signals Intelligence in World War II: A Research Guide. . evaluates 800 primary and secondary sources
• Smith, Bradley F (1983). The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-07756-4. . for U.S.A.
• Special Operations Executive. How to be a Spy: The World War II SOE Training Manual. . (1943, 2001) How to become a British spy. online free
• Stephan, Robert W. Stalin's secret war: Soviet counterintelligence against the Nazis, 1941–1945 (2004).

Francuska

• Alexander, Martin S (1991). „Did the Deuxième Bureau work? The role of intelligence in French defence policy and strategy, 1919–39.”. Intelligence and National Security. 6 (2): 293—333. doi:10.1080/02684529108432105. 
• Bauer, Deborah Susan (2013). Marianne is Watching: Knowledge, Secrecy, Intelligence and the Origins of the French Surveillance State (1870–1914). PhD Dissertation, UCLA. str. 536—59. . Online Bibliography.
• Deacon, Richard. (1990). The French Secret Service. Grafton. ISBN 978-0-586-20673-7. . (1990).
• Jackson, Peter (2000). France and the Nazi Menace: Intelligence and Policy Making, 1933–1939. 
• Keiger, John (2001). France and the World since 1870. str. 80—109. . ch 4: "French Intelligence" p.
• Porch, Douglas (2003). The French Secret Services: A History of French Intelligence from the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-374-52945-1. 
• Whitcomb, Edward A (1972). „The Duties and Functions of Napoleon's External Agents.”. History. 57 (190): 189—204. doi:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1972.tb01262.x. 

Engleska i Velika Britanija

• Andrew, Christopher (2009). The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5. Penguin Canada. ISBN 978-0-14-317458-5. 
• Andrew, Christopher (1986). Her Majesty's Secret Service: the making of the British intelligence community. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-80941-7. . online free to borrow
• Budiansky, Stephen (2005). Her Majesty's Spymaster: Elizabeth I, Sir Francis Walsingham, and the Birth of Modern Espionage. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03426-0. . online free to borrow
• Fergusson, Thomas G (1984). British military intelligence, 1870–1914: the development of a modern intelligence organization. University Publications of America. ISBN 978-0-89093-541-5. . online free to borrow
• Foot, M. R. D. (1990). SOE: the Special Operations Executive 1940–46. 
• Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri (2013). In Spies We Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-958097-2. . covers U.S. and Britain
• Johnson, Robert (2006). Spying for Empire: The Great Game in Central and South Asia, 1757–1947. Greenhill Books. ISBN 978-1-85367-670-3. . Britain versus Russia.
• Major, Patrick, Christopher R. Moran, ur. (2009). Spooked: Britain, Empire and Intelligence since 1945. Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 978-1443813129. CS1 održavanje: Višestruka imena: spisak urednika (veza)
• Moran, Christopher R (2011). „The pursuit of intelligence history: Methods, sources, and trajectories in the United Kingdom.”. Studies in Intelligence. 55 (2): 33—55. . Historiography „online” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 18. 10. 2020. g. Pristupljeno 14. 02. 2021. 
• Thomas, Gordon (2009). Secret wars: one hundred years of British intelligence inside MI5 and MI6. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-37998-8. . online free to borrow
• Tuchman, Barbara W (1966). The Zimmermann Telegram. New York, Macmillan. . how Britain broke Germany's code in 1917
• Walton, Calder (2014). Empire of Secrets: British Intelligence in the Cold War and the Twilight of Empire. William Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-745797-7. 
• West, Nigel (1983). MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations 1909–1945. 

Spoljašnje veze

• History of an espionage in Russia