Kanabis (lek) — разлика између измена

'''Kanabis''' (''Marihuana'') je osušeni cvet biljke ''-{[[Конопља|Cannabis sativa]]}-'', koje se koristi kao opojna droga i za medicinske svrhe.<ref name="bookSpanish Word Histories or and Mysteries">{{Cite book | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |id=ISBN 0-618-91054-9, 9780618910540 | last = Company | first = Houghton Mifflin | coauthors = American Heritage Dictionaries | title = Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries | date = 14. 11. 2007. |url=http://books.google.com/?id=VTYBbGybtNEC&pg=PA142|pages=142-}}</ref> Često se i cela biljka naziva ''marihuana''. Ona je jedno od najblažih i najslabijih halucinogenih sredstva.

Kanabis sadrži psihoaktivni [[Tetrahidrokanabinol|delta-9-tetrahidrokanabinol]] (-{Δ⁹-THC}-). On je jedno od preko 400 jedinjenja u biljci, uključujući druge [[kanabinoid]]e, kao što su [[kanabidiol]], [[kanabinol]], i [[tetrahidrokanabivarin]], koji mogu da proizvedu senzorne efekte za razliku od psihoaktivnog dejstva THC-a.<ref name="pmid19124693">{{cite journal |authorauthor1=Fusar-Poli P, |author2=Crippa JA, |author3=Bhattacharyya S, |author4=''et al.'' |title=Distinct effects of {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Neural Activation during Emotional Processing |journal= Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=66|issue=1|pages=95–105|year=2009|month=January|pmid=19124693|doi=10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.519|url=|accessdate = 26. 9. 2009.}}</ref>

[[Kanabidiol]] pokazuje znakove od velike medicinske važnosti, i u dosadašnjim istraživanjima je pokazao blagotvorna svojstva kao lek protiv bolova, protiv [[Anksioznost|anksioznostianksioznost]]i, protiv upaljenja kože, pacijenata sa letargijom i [[Дисфорија|disforije]], i za razliku od THC-a, ima antipsihotička svojstva.

U današnje vreme se kanabis koristi kao [[Уживалачка употреба конопље|rekreaciona droga]], u [[Ритуална употреба конопље|verskim ili duhovnim obredima]], ili za [[Медицинска употреба конопље|medicinske svrhe]]. Najraniji zapisi o upotrebi konoplje datiraju iz [[Миленијум|trećeg milenijuma pre nove ere]], tačnije 2737. godine pre nove ere za vreme vladavine kineskog cara Šun Neng.<ref name="bookLost Civilisations of the Stone Age">{{Cite book |last=Rudgley|first=Richard| year = 1998 | title = Lost Civilisations of the Stone Age. |id=ISBN 0-684-85580-1 | publisher = Free Press | location = New York }}</ref> [[Ujedinjene nacije]] su [[2004]]. procenile da konzumiranje kanabisa obuhvata 4.0 procenta [[Светска популација|svetske populacije]] (162&nbsp;miliona ljudi) i da oko 0.6 procenata (22.5&nbsp;miliona) ljudi koristi kanabis na dnevnoj bazi.<ref name="articleUnited Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">{{Cite book | author = United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime | year = 2006 | url = http://www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR_2006/wdr2006_chap2_biggest_market.pdf | format = PDF | title = ''Cannabis'': Why We Should Care. | journal = World Drug Report | volume = 1 |id=ISBN 92-1-148214-3 | publisher = United Nations | location = S.l. | page = 14}}</ref> Od ranog [[20. vek]]a kanabis je zakonski ograničen, i njegovo posedovanje, upotreba, i prodaja su ilegalni u većini zemalja.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_law.shtml |title=Cannabis: Legal Status |publisher=Erowid.org |date= |accessdate = 30. 10. 2011.}}</ref><ref name='UN-WDR-2010'>{{Cite book | last1 = UNODC | title = World Drug Report 2010 | publisher = United Nations Publication | page = 198 | url = http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/WDR-2010.html | accessdate = 19. 7. 2010.}}</ref>

* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Deitch |first =Robert |coauthor= |year =2003 |title = Hemp: American history revisited: the plant with a divided history|url = |publisher=Algora Pub |id=ISBN 0-87586-206-3 |accessdate = |postscript = }}

* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Earleywine |first =Mitchell |coauthor= |year = 2005|title =Understanding marijuana: a new look at the scientific evidence |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=r9wPbxMAG8cC&lpg=PA3&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Oxford University Press |id=ISBN 0-19-513893-7|accessdate = }}

* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last =Holland |first =Julie M.D. |coauthor= |year =2010 |title =The pot book : a complete guide to cannabis : its role in medicine, politics, science, and culture |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=MQql_gt2QEgC&lpg=PA316&dq=Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Park Street Press |isbn=978-1-59477-368-6 |accessdate = }}

* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Iversen |first =Leslie L |coauthor= |year = 2008|title =The science of marijuana|url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=l8O2OMNLNtcC&lpg=PA17&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|edition= 2nd |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-532824-0}}

* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Jenkins |first =Richard |coauthor= |year = 2006|title = Cannabis and young people: reviewing the evidence|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=bFDznfmJLnAC&lpg=PP1&dq=Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Jessica Kingsley |id=ISBN 1-84310-398-2 |accessdate =}}

* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Lambert |first = Didier M|coauthor= |year = 2008|title =Cannabinoids in Nature and Medicine|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=ATDRt1HM9MwC&lpg=PA15&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PR11#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Wiley-VCH |id=ISBN 3-906390-56-X |accessdate = }}

* {{Cite book |ref= harv|last = Solowij |first =Nadia |coauthor= |year =1998 |title =Cannabis and cognitive functioning|url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=bL2u5RRYIpcC&lpg=PA84&dq=History%20of%20Cannabis&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |publisher=Cambridge University Press |id=ISBN 0-521-59114-7 }}