Породица — разлика између измена

[[FileДатотека:Galla Placidia (rechts) und ihre Kinder.jpg|thumb|Detail of a250п|Детаљ [[gold glass|златно стакленог]] medallionмедаљона withса aпортретом portrait of a familyфамилије, fromиз [[AlexandriaАлександрија|Александрије]] ([[RomanЕгипат Egypt(провинција)|Римски Египат]]), 3rd–4th3.–4. centuryвек ([[BresciaБреша]], [[MuseoSan Salvatore, Brescia|Музеј diди SantaСанта GiuliaЂулија]])<ref>Jás Elsner (2007). "The Changing Nature of Roman Art and the Art Historical Problem of Style," in Eva R. Hoffman (ed), ''Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Medieval World'', 11–18. Oxford, Malden & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-2071-5}}, p. 17, Figure 1.3 on p. 18.</ref>]]

[[FileДатотека:Sauk Indian family by Frank Rinehart 1899.jpg|thumb|right|250п|[[Sauk people|SaukСаук]] familyпородица ofна photographed byфотографији [[Frank Rinehart|Франка Рајнхарта]] inиз 1899.]]

OneЈедна ofод theпримарних primaryфункција functionsпородице ofје theприжање familyоквира involvesза providingпродукцију aи frameworkрепродукцију for the production and reproduction of personsособа [[biologicallyБиологија|биолошки]] andи sociallyдруштвено. ThisТо canсе occurможе throughостварити theпутем sharing ofдељења materialматеријалних substancesсредстава (suchкао asшто foodје храна); theдавања givingи andпримања receivingнеге ofи care and nurtureбриге ([[nurture kinship|неговатељско сродство]]); juralзаконских rightsправа andи obligationsобавеза; andи moralморалних andи sentimentalсентименталних tiesвеза.<ref name="Schneider p. 182">Schneider, David 1984 ''A Critique of the Study of Kinship''. Ann Arbor: [[University of Michigan Press]]. p. 182</ref><ref>Deleuze-Guattari (1972). Part 2, ch. 3, p. 80</ref> Thus,Тако one'sсе experienceискуство ofсвоје one'sпородице familyпомера shiftsтоком over timeвремена. FromСа the perspective ofперспективе [[childrenДете|деце]], theпородица familyје is„породица a "family of orientation"оријентације”: theпородица familyслужи servesза toдруштвено locateлоцирање childrenдеце sociallyи andигра playsвелику aулогу majorу role in theirњиховој [[enculturation|инкултурацији]] andи socializationсоцијализацији.<ref>[[John Russon|Russon, John]], (2003) ''Human Experience: Philosophy, Neurosis, and the Elements of Everyday Life'', Albany: [[State University of New York Press]]. pp. 61–68.</ref> FromСа theстановишта pointродитеља, ofпородица viewје of„породица the parent(s)прокреације”, theчији familyциљ isје aда "family of procreation"произведе, theинкултивира goal of which is to produce and enculturate andи socializeсоцијализује childrenдецу.<ref>George Peter Murdoch ''Social Structure'' p. 13</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shyam|first1=Radhey|title=Clinical Child Psychology|date=2009|publisher=Gyan Books|location=Delhi|isbn=9788178357614|pages=113–115 }}</ref> HoweverМеђутим, producingпродукција childrenдеце isније notједина the only function of theфункција familyпородице; inу societiesдруштвима withса aполном sexualподелом division of laborрада, [[marriageбрак]], andи theрезултирајућа resultingрелација relationshipизмеђу betweenдве two peopleособе, itсу isнеопходни necessaryза forформирање theекономски formation of an economically productiveпродуктивног [[household|домаћинства]].<ref>Wolf, Eric. 1982 ''Europe and the People Without History''. Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. 92</ref><ref>Harner, Michael 1975 "Scarcity, the Factors of Production, and Social Evolution," in ''Population, Ecology, and Social Evolution'', Steven Polgar, ed. Mouton Publishers: [[the Hague]].</ref><ref>Rivière, Peter 1987 "Of Women, Men, and Manioc", ''Etnologiska Studier'' (38).</ref>

[[C. C. Harris (writer)|ChristopherКристофер HarrisХарис]] notesнапомиње thatда theје westernзападно conceptionсхватање ofфамилије familyдвосмислено isи ambiguousзбуњујуће andпоистовећено confusedса with the [[household]]домаћинством, asкако revealedсе inоткрива theу differentразличитим contextsконтекстима inу whichкојима theсе word isреч usedкористи.<ref>"We have seen that people can refer to their relatives as 'the family.' 'All the family turned up for the funeral.... But of course, my brother didn't bring his family along – they're much too young.' Here the reference is to the offspring (as distinct from 'all' the family). The neighbors were very good, too. 'The Jones came, and their two children. It was nice, the whole family turning up like that.' Here the usage is more restricted than 'relatives' or 'his relatives,' but includes just both parents and offspring. 'Of course, the children will be leaving home soon. It's always sad to see the family break up like that.' Here the reference is not only to parents and children but to their co-residence, that is, to the household.''The Family and Industrial Society'', 1983, George Allen Unwin, London, page 30</ref> [[Olivia Harris|Оливија Харис]] statesтврди thisда confusionзабуна is notније accidentalслучајна, butвећ indicativeда ofје theиндикативна familialза ideologyпородичну ofидеологију [[capitalistКапитализам|капиталистичких]], [[WesternZapadni culturesvet|westernзападних]] countriesземаља thatкоје passподржавају socialсоцијално legislationзаконодавство thatкојим insistsсе membersинсистира ofна томе да aчланови [[nuclear family|нуклеарне породице]] shouldтребају liveда togetherживе заједно, andи thatда thoseони notкоји soнису relatedу shouldтаквом notсродству liveне together;би despiteтребало theда ideologicalживе andзаједно; legalупркос pressures,идеолошким aи largeзаконским percentageпритисцима, ofвелики familiesпроценат doпородица notне conformодговара toидеалном theтипу ideal nuclear familyнуклеарне typeпородице.<ref>

|editor1=Kate Young |editor2=Carol Wolkowitz |editor3=Roslyn McCullagh }}</ref>

{{Further|FertilityФактор factorплодности (demographyдемографија)}}

[[FileДатотека:Mennonite siblings Montana 1937.jpg|thumb|250п|[[MennoniteМенонити|Менонитски]] siblingsсродници, MontanaМонтана 1937]]

TheТермин term "„[[nuclear family|нуклеарна породица]]"” isсе commonlyчесто usedкористи, especiallyпосебно inу theСједињеним UnitedАмеричким States of AmericaДржавама, to referу toсмислу conjugalсупружничких familiesпородица. A "[[Marriage|conjugal]]" family includes only the husband, the wife, and unmarried children who are not of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/anth370/gloss.html|title=Definitions of Anthropological Terms|first=Court|last=Smith|website=Oregonstate.edu|accessdate=12 April 2017}}</ref> Sociologists distinguish between conjugal families (relatively independent of the kindred of the parents and of other families in general) and nuclear families (which maintain relatively close ties with their kindred). Other family structures, such as blended parents, single parents, and domestic partnerships have begun to challenge the normality of the nuclear family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/22/less-than-half-of-u-s-kids-today-live-in-a-traditional-family/|title=Fewer than half of U.S. kids today live in a ‘traditional’ family|date=22 December 2014|website=Pewresearch.org|accessdate=12 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Staff writers|title=The Kids will be alright, even without the Nuclear Family|url=https://psmag.com/the-kids-will-be-all-right-even-without-the-nuclear-family-d658459112ad|accessdate=22 April 2017|publisher=Pacific Standard magazine|date=March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bryant|first1=L. E.|title=The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Family Studies|date=March 2016|pages=1–3|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs490/abstract}}</ref>

A„Матрифокална” "matrifocal"породица familyсе consistsсастоји of aод [[motherмајка|мајке]] andи herњене childrenдеце. GenerallyГенерално, theseта childrenдеца areсу herњено biologicalбиолошко offspringпотомство, althoughмада је adoptionусвајање ofдеце childrenпракса isкоја aје practiceприсутна inу nearlyскоро everyсваком societyдруштву. This kind of family occurs commonly where women have the resources to rear their children by themselves, or where men are more mobile than women. As a definition, "a family or domestic group is matrifocal when it is centred on a woman and her children. In this case, the father(s) of these children are intermittently present in the life of the group and occupy a secondary place. The children's mother is not necessarily the wife of one of the children's fathers."<ref>Godelier, Maurice, trans. Nora Scott, ''The Metamorphoses of Kinship'' (London: Verso, 2011 ({{ISBN|978-1-84467-746-7}})), p. 568 (''Glossary'', entry ''matrifocal'') (trans. from ''Métamorphoses de la parenté'' (Librarie Arthème Fayard (apparently), 2004)) (author prof. anthropology, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris).</ref>

[[FileДатотека:Settled_sami_vasterbotten_sweden_publ_1926.jpg|thumb|right|Settled250п|Фармерска Sami (Lapplander) family of farmers inпородицау [[StenseleСтенсел]]у, [[Västerbotten]], [[SwedenШведска]], earlyрани 20th20. centuryвек]]

[[FileДатотека:Basankusu - typical fired brick house.jpg|thumb|left|A250п|Породица familyиз from BasankusuБасанкусу, [[Democratic Republic ofДемократска theРепублика CongoКонго]].]]