Alfred Lotka — разлика између измена

One of Lotka's earliest publications, in 1912, proposed a solution to [[Ronald Ross]]'s second [[malaria]] model. In 1923, he published a thorough five-part analysis and extension of both Ross's malaria models. The fourth part in the series, co-authored by F. R. Sharpe, modeled the time lag for pathogen incubation. Lotka published ''Elements of Physical Biology'' in 1925, one of the first books on [[mathematical biology]] after [[D'Arcy Thompson]]'s ''[[On Growth and Form]]''. He is also known for his [[energetics]] perspective on [[evolution]]. Lotka proposed that [[natural selection]] was, at its root, a struggle among organisms for available energy; [[Lotka's principle]] states that organisms that survive and prosper are those that capture and use [[energy]] more efficiently than its competitors. Lotka extended his energetics framework to human society. In particular, he suggested that the shift in reliance from [[solar energy]] to nonrenewable energy would pose unique and fundamental challenges to society. These theories made Lotka an important forerunner to the development of [[biophysical economics]] and [[ecological economics]], advanced by [[Frederick Soddy]], [[Howard T. Odum|Howard Odum]] and others.<ref>Cleveland, Cutler (Lead Author); Peter Saundry (Topic Editor). 2008. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Lotka,_Alfred_James "Lotka, Alfred James"]. In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth September 15, 2006; Last revised December 1, 2008; Retrieved August 3, 2009.</ref>

 

* A. J. Lotka (1925) "[https://archive.org/download/elementsofphysic017171mbp/elementsofphysic017171mbp.pdf Elements of Physical Biology]" reprinted by Dover in 1956 as ''Elements of Mathematical Biology''.

* Lotka, A. J. (1939) ''Théorie Analytique des Associations Biologiques'' translated in 1998 as ''Analytical Theory of Biological Populations''. New York: Plenum Press.

*Lotka, A. J. (1998). ''Analytical theory of biological populations''. New York: Plenum Press

 

* Lotka, A. J. (1907). Relation between birth rates and death rates. ''Science'', 26: 121–130.

* Sharpe, F. R. & Lotka, A. J. (1911). A problem in age distribution. ''Philosophical Magazine'', 21: 435–438.

* Haaga, J. (2000). "[http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2000/AlfredLotkaMathematicalDemographer.aspx Alfred Lotka, mathematical demographer]". ''Population Today'', 28(2), 3.

* Kingsland, S. E. (1985). ''Modeling nature: episodes in the history of population ecology''. Chicago: University of Chicago.

 

== Reference ==

 

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