Персијски језик — разлика између измена

Персијски је имао знатан (превасходно [[Лексикографија|лексикографски]]) утицај на суседне језике, а посебно на [[Туркијски језици|туркијске језике]] у централној Азији, [[Кавказ (регион)|Кавказу]], и [[Anatoliја|Анатолији]], суседне иранске језике, као и [[Јерменски језик|јерменски]], [[грузински језик|грузијски]], и [[индоаријски језици|индо-аријске језике]], посебно [[Урду (језик)|Урду]] (који је у основи [[Хинди-урду|хиндустанског]]). Он је исто тако у извесној мери утицао на [[Арапски језик|арапски]], а посебно на [[бахрански арапски језик]],<ref>{{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Holes| first = Clive| title = Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rIC&pg=PR30| year = 2001| publisher = BRILL| isbn = 978-90-04-10763-2}}, p. XXX</ref> али је исто тако позајмио знатан део свог вокабулара из њега након [[Муслиманско освајање Персије|арапског освајања Ирана]].<ref name="Lazard">Lazard, Gilbert 1975, "The Rise of the New Persian Language" in Frye, R. N., ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', Vol. 4. стр. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. "The language known as New Persian, which usually is called at this period (early Islamic times) by the name of Dari or Farsi-Dari, can be classified linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids. Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as [[Avestan]], [[Parthian language|Parthian]], [[Sogdian language|Soghdian]], [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Pashto]], etc., [[Old Persian]], [[Middle Persian|Middle]] and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It had its origin in [[Fars Province|Fars]] (the true Persian country from the historical point of view) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north-western and eastern Iran."</ref>{{sfn|Davis|2006|pp=602-603}}<ref name="Lazard, Gilbert 1971">Lazard, Gilbert, "Pahlavi, Pârsi, dari: Les langues d'Iran d'apès Ibn al-Muqaffa" in R.N. Frye, ''Iran and Islam. In Memory of the late Vladimir Minorsky'', Edinburgh University Press, 1971.</ref><ref name="Lazard, Gilbert 1971" /><ref name="Nushin Namazi">{{cite web| url = http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/wais/cgi-bin/?p=24327| title = Persian Loan Words in Arabic| last = Namazi| first = Nushin| year = 2008| accessdate = 1. 6. 2009.}}</ref><ref name="Classe 2000 1057">{{harvnb|Classe|2000|p=1057}}</ref><ref name=lambtonexcerpt>Ann K. S. Lambton, ''Persian grammar'', Cambridge University Press 1953. "The Arabic words incorporated into the Persian language have become Persianized".</ref><ref>[http://www.ezglot.com/most-similar-languages.php?l=fas Most similar languages to Persian], ezglot.com</ref>

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Holes| first = Clive| title = Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rIC&pg=PR30| year = 2001| publisher = BRILL| isbn = 978-90-04-10763-2}}

* {{Cite book | ref = harv | last = Davis| first = Richard| chapter = Persian| editor1 = Josef W. Meri| editor2 = Jere L. Bacharach| title = Medieval Islamic Civilization| publisher = Taylor & Francis| year = 2006| pages = 602–603}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Baker| first = Mona| title = Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ewBfSBo8rRsC&pg=PA518| year = 2001| publisher = Psychology Press| isbn = 978-0-415-25517-2| pages = 518}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | title = Encyclopedia of literary translation into English | last = Classe| first = Olive | year = 2000| publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = |id=ISBN 1-884964-36-2| url = https://books.google.com/?id=C1uXah12nHgC&pg=PA1057| pages = 1057}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | ref = harv | last1 = Mastyugina | first1 = Tatiana | last2 = Perepelkin | first2 = Lev | title = An Ethnic History of Russia: Pre-revolutionary Times to the Present | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xd3ZnfyRgncC&pg=PA80 | year = 1996 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | isbn = 978-0-313-29315-3}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Kuhrt| first = A. | title = The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period | publisher = Routledge | year = 2013| isbn = 978-1136016943}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Frye| first = Richard Nelson | title = Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft: Alter Orient-Griechische Geschichte-Römische Geschichte. Band III,7: The History of Ancient Iran | publisher = C.H. Beck | year = 1984| isbn = 978-3406093975}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Schmitt| first = Rüdiger | title = The Old Persian Inscriptions of Naqsh-i Rustam and Persepolis | publisher = Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum by School of Oriental and African Studies | year = 2000| isbn = 978-0728603141}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Asatrian

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Bleeck| first = Arthur Henry| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MsAUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise grammar of the Persian language| year = 1857| publisher = |edition=| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Bleeck| first = Arthur Henry| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CiBgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise grammar of the Persian language: containing dialogues, reading lessons, and a vocabulary: together with a new plan for facilitating the study of languages| year = 1857| publisher = B. Quaritch| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 206}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Bleeck| first = Arthur Henry| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vroOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise grammar of the Persian language| year = 1857| publisher = |edition=Oxford University| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Dahlén| first = Ashk| title = Modern persisk grammatik| publisher = Ferdosi International Publication| date = April 2014| isbn = 9789197988674| edition = 2nd| origyear = 1st edition October 2010| url = http://www.ashkdahlen.com/index.php?id=152}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | publisher = Logos Verlag

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I0MOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = The student's Persian and English dictionary, pronouncing, etymological, & explanatory| year = 1880| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 558}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji|author2-last=Saʻdī| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xUUOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = Second book of Persian, to which are added the Pandnámah of Shaikh Saádi and the Gulistán, chapter 1, together with vocabulary and short notes | year = 1880| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = 2| location = |id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 120}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NEMOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = The Persian primer, being an elementary treatise on grammar, with exercises| year = 1879| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 94}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=M0MOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A new grammar of the Persian tongue for the use of schools and colleges| year = 1875| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 84}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bFcOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: To which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a copious vocabulary| year = 1844| publisher = Printed for the author, sold by Allen & co.| edition = 2| location = |id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 158}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DwQtAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: To which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a copious vocabulary| year = 1844| publisher = Printed for the author, sold by Allen & co.| edition = 2| location = |id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 114}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DoRQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: to which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a vocabulary, and translations| year = 1876| publisher = W.H. Allen| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 238}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BDoMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: to which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a vocabulary, and translations| year = 1869| publisher = W.H. Allen & co.| edition = 4| location = |id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 238}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Ibrâhîm| first = Muḥammad| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru1ncSqiRXkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language | year = 1841| publisher = |edition=| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Jones| first = Sir William| authorlink = William Jones (philologist)| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YkBbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language| year = 1783| publisher = |edition=3| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Jones| first = Sir William| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3T9bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language| year = 1797| publisher = |edition=4| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Jones| first = Sir William| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IEhFAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language| year = 1801| publisher = Murray and Highley, J. Sewell| edition = 5| location = |id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 194}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Jones| first = Sir William| editor = Samuel Lee| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p4dBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language| year = 1823| publisher = Printed by W. Nicol, for Parbury, Allen, and co.| edition = 8| location = |id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 230}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Jones| first = Sir William| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language| editor = Samuel Lee| year = 1828| publisher = Printed by W. Nicol, for Parbury, Allen, and Co.| edition = 9| location = |id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 283}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Lazard| first = Gilbert| title = Grammaire du persan contemporain| publisher = Institut Français de Recherche en Iran| date = January 2006| isbn = 978-2909961378| url = http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8392}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Lumsden| first = Matthew| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a7dIAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language; comprising a portion of the elements of Arabic inflexion etc| year = 1810| publisher = Watley| edition = |location=| page = |id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | edition = illustrated| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon| isbn = 978-0-7007-1695-1| last = Mace| first = John| title = Persian Grammar: For Reference and Revision| date = 18. 10. 2002.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Moises| first = Edward| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=O3lHAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = The Persian interpreter: in three parts: A grammar of the Persian language. Persian extracts, in prose and verse. A vocabulary: Persian and English| year = 1792| publisher = Printed by L. Hodgson| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 143}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Palmer| first = Edward Henry| authorlink = Edward Henry Palmer| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Nz9bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise dictionary, English-Persian; together with a simplified grammar of the Persian language. Completed and ed. by G. Le Strange| editor = Guy Le Strange| year = 1883| publisher = |edition=| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Palmer| first = Edward Henry| authorlink = Edward Henry Palmer| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hKUfAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise dictionary, English-Persian: together with a simplified grammar of the Persian language| editor = Guy Le Strange| year = 1883| publisher = Trübner| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 42}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Platts| first = John Thompson| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pxKkZZgJxcwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language ...| year = 1894| publisher = Williams and Norgate| edition = |location=| page = |id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Ranking| first = George Speirs Alexander| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9I4PAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A primer of Persian: containing selections for reading and composition with the elements of syntax| year = 1907| publisher = The Claredon Press| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 72}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Richardson| first = John| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7hZHFh_nVEMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A vocabulary, Persian, Arabic, and English: abridged from the quarto edition of Richardson's dictionary| editor = Sir Charles Wilkins | editor2 = David Hopkins| year = 1810| publisher = Printed for F. and C. Rivingson| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 643}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Rosen| first = Friedrich|author2-last=Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh (Shah of Iran)| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Exb_NBfBuZkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = Modern Persian colloquial grammar: containing a short grammar, dialogues and extracts from Nasir-Eddin shah's diaries, tales, etc., and a vocabulary| year = 1898| publisher = Luzac & C.̊| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 400}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | publisher = L. Reichert | isbn = 978-3-88226-413-5| title = Compendium linguarum Iranicarum| year = 1989| first = Rüdiger| last = Schmitt}}

* {{cite book| ref = harv | last = Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3T1bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in Persian and English, with pronunciation (ed. by M.C. Sen).| editor = Madhub Chunder Sen| year = 1841| publisher = |edition=2| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RJAvAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in Persian and English| year = 1829| publisher = Printed for the author at the Baptist Mission Press| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 226}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sk4OAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in English and Persian | year = 1833| publisher = Printed at the Baptist Mission Press| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 276}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6j1bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in English and Persian| year = 1833| publisher = |edition=| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | edition = 3rd Rev

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Tucker| first = William Thornhill| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wT5bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A pocket dictionary of English and Persian| year = 1801| publisher = |edition=| location = |page=|id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Tucker| first = William Thornhill| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F11AAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A pocket dictionary of English and Persian| year = 1850| publisher = J. Madden| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 145}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Tucker| first = William Thornhill| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3ppxqpkEHVoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A pocket dictionary of English and Persian| year = 1850| publisher = J. Madden| edition = |location=|id=| volume = |accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.| pages = 145}}

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | edition = 2

* {{Cite book| ref = harv | last = Wollaston| first = (Sir) Arthur Naylor| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F6UCAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = An English-Persian dictionary| year = 1882| publisher = W. H. Allen| edition = |location=| page = |id=| pages = |volume=| accessdate = 6. 7. 2011.}}