Устав Сједињених Америчких Држава — разлика између измена
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{{Политички систем САД}}
'''Устав Сједињених Америчких Држава''' ({{Јез-енгл|The United States Constitution}}) је највиши закон у [[Сједињене Америчке Државе|САД]] и уједно најстарији [[устав]] на свету. Донесен је на Уставној конвенцији у [[Филаделфија|Филаделфији]] [[17. септембар|17. септембра]] [[1787]]. године. Њиме су САД из лабавог савеза држава претворене у [[Федерација|федералну државу]]. Устав је формално ступио на снагу [[21. јун]]а [[1788]]., а почео се примењивати од [[13. септембар|13. септембра]] [[1788]]. године. Нови државни органи су почели са радом [[4. март]]а [[1789]]. године.▼
▲'''Устав Сједињених Америчких Држава''' ({{Јез-енгл|The United States Constitution}}) је највиши закон у [[Сједињене Америчке Државе|САД]]<ref>{{harvnb|Maier|2010|p=35}}</ref> и уједно најстарији [[устав]] на свету.<ref>[http://www.politifact.com/virginia/statements/2014/sep/22/bob-goodlatte/goodlatte-says-us-has-oldest-working-national-cons/ Goodlatte says U.S. has the oldest working national constitution], Politifact Virginia website, September 22, 2014.</ref> Донесен је на Уставној конвенцији у [[Филаделфија|Филаделфији]] [[17. септембар|17. септембра]] [[1787]]. године. Њиме су САД из лабавог савеза држава претворене у [[Федерација|федералну државу]]. Устав је формално ступио на снагу [[21. јун]]а [[1788]]
Устав је до данас на снази, а састоји се из [[Преамбула|преамбуле]] и седам великих чланова или [[параграф]]а. Допуњен је са 27 [[амандман]]а,<ref>{{cite book |author= [United States Senate |author-link = United States Senate |title= The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation |chapter= Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America |url= http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CONAN-1992/pdf/GPO-CONAN-1992-7.pdf |format= PDF |year= 1992 |publisher= U.S. Government Printing Office |page= 25 n.2 |isbn= 9780160632686}}</ref> да би се задовољиле потребе нације која се драстично променила од осамнаестог века.<ref name=senategov>{{cite web|title=Constitution Day |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/ConstitutionDay.htm |website=Senate.gov|publisher=United States Senate|accessdate=September 10, 2016}}</ref> Првих десет амандмана чини [[Повеља о правима (Сједињене Америчке Државе)|Повеља о правима]] ({{Јез-енгл|Bill of Rights}}).<ref>{{cite web |last= Ritchie |first= Donald |title= Bill of Rights |url= http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/term/bill-of-rights |work= Annenberg Classroom – Glossary |publisher= Leonore Annenberg Institute for Civics of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania |accessdate= September 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first= Gordon |last= Lloyd |title= Introduction to the Bill of Rights |url= http://teachingamericanhistory.org/bor/bor-intro/ |website= TeachingAmericanHistory.org |publisher=The Ashbrook Center at Ashland University |accessdate= September 21, 2014 }}</ref> Устав је увек био радо читан од стране обичних грађана због краткоће и ретке јасноће излагања.
Организација власти је заснована на принципу тројне поделе власти - на [[Извршна власт|извршну]], [[Законодавна власт|законодавну]] и [[Судска власт|судску власт]]. Према уставу САД врховну извршну власт врши [[Председник Сједињених Америчких Држава|председник САД]], законодавну [[Конгрес Сједињених Америчких Држава|Конгрес]], а судску [[Врховни суд Сједињених Америчких Држава|Врховни суд]].
Линија 32 ⟶ 33:
* [[Уставотворна скупштина (САД)]]
* [[Корвинов амандман]]
== Референце ==
{{Reflist|}}
== Литература ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last1= Adler |first1= Mortimer |authorlink= Mortimer J. Adler |last2= Gorman |first2= William |lastauthoramp= yes |title= The American Testament: for the Institute for Philosophical Research and the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies |publisher= Praeger |location= New York |year= 1975 |isbn= 978-0-275-34060-5 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Billias |first= George |authorlink= George Athan Billias |title= American Constitutionalism Heard Round the World, 1776–1989: A Global Perspective |publisher= New York University Press |location= New York |year= 2009 |isbn= 978-0-8147-9107-3 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Bowen |first= Catherine |authorlink= Catherine Drinker Bowen |title= [[Miracle at Philadelphia|Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention, May to September 1787]] |publisher= Little, Brown |location= New York |year= 2010 |origyear= First published 1966 |isbn= 978-0-316-10261-2 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Farber |first= Daniel |authorlink= Daniel A. Farber |title= Lincoln's Constitution |publisher= University of Chicago Press |location= Chicago |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-226-23793-0 }}
* {{cite journal |ref= harv |last= Levinson |first= Sanford |authorlink= Sanford Levinson |title= Pledging Faith in the Civil Religion; Or, Would You Sign the Constitution? |url= http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol29/iss1/13 |volume= 29 |journal= William & Mary Law Review |issue= 113 |year= 1987 |accessdate= December 15, 2011}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Maier |first= Pauline |authorlink= Pauline Maier |title= Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788 |publisher= Simon & Schuster |location= New York |year= 2010 |isbn= 978-0-684-86854-7 }}
* {{cite journal |ref= harv |last= Malcolm |first= George A. |authorlink= George A. Malcolm |title= Constitutional History of the Philippines |journal= American Bar Association Journal |volume= 6 |year= 1920 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NJsqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q&f=false }}
* {{cite journal |ref= harv |last= Moncure Jr. |first= Thomas M. |title= Who is the Militia: The Virginia Ratification Convention and the Right to Bear Arms
|url= http://www.constitution.org/2ll/2ndschol/75tmvarc.pdf |volume= 19 |journal= Lincoln Law Review |pages= 1–25 |year= 1990 |accessdate= November 11, 2011}}
* {{cite web |ref= harv |last= O'Connor |first= Tom |title= Constitutional Structure |url= http://www.drtomoconnor.com/3000/3000lect01.htm |year= 2010 |accessdate= November 14, 2011}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Pritchett |first= C. Herman |title= The American Constitution |publisher= McGraw-Hill |location= New York |year= 1959 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Qing Yu |first= Li |editor-last= Starr |editor-first= Joseph Barton |chapter= Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the U.S. Constitution |title= The United States Constitution: Its Birth, Growth, and Influence in Asia |publisher= Hong Kong University Press |location= Hong Kong |year= 1988 |isbn= 978-962-209-201-3 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |editor-last= Stacy |editor-first= Lee |title= Mexico and the United States |volume= vol. 2 |publisher= Marshall Cavendish |location= London |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-7614-7402-9}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Wood |first= Gordon |authorlink= Gordon S. Wood |title= The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 |publisher= University of North Carolina Press |location= Chapel Hill |year= 1998 |isbn= 978-0-8078-4723-7 }}
* {{cite book |editorlink= Bernard Bailyn |editor-last= Bailyn |editor-first= Bernard |title= The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification |volume= Part One: September 1787 to February 1788 |publisher= The Library of America|year= 1993}}
* {{cite book |editor-last= Bailyn |editor-first= Bernard |title= The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification |volume= Part Two: January to August 1788 |publisher= The Library of America |year= 1993 |isbn= 0-940450-64-X}}
* {{cite book |authorlink= James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce |last=Bryce |first= James, viscount |title= The American Commonwealth |edition= 2nd |location= London |publisher= Macmillan and Co. |year= 1891 |volume= vol. 1 |pages= [350]–397, [636]–645, 669–682, ''et passim''}}
* {{cite journal |last= Casey |first= Gregory |title= The Supreme Court and Myth: An Empirical Investigation |journal= Law & Society Review |volume= 8 |issue= 3 |date= Spring 1974 |pages= 385–420 |doi=10.2307/3053081|jstor= 3053081 }}
* {{cite book |authorlink= Jonathan Elliot (historian) |last= Elliot |first= Jonathan |url= http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1904&Itemid=99999999 |title= The Debates in the Several State Conventions of the Adoption of the Federal Constitution |volume= Vol. 1, Constitution, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Journal of Federal Convention, Vol. 2, State Conventions Massachusetts, Connecticut., New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vol. 3, Virginia, Vol. 4, North. and South. Carolina, Resolutions, Tariffs, Banks, Debt, Vol. 5 Debates in Congress, Madison's Notes, Misc. Letters}}
* {{cite book |editorlink= Paul Leicester Ford |editor-last= Ford |editor-first= Paul Leicester |url= http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1670&Itemid=99999999 |title= Pamphlets on the Constitution of the United States, Published During its Discussion by the People, 1787–1788 |location= Brooklyn, NY |year= 1888|postscript=;}} Pamphlets written between 1787–88 by Elbridge Gerry, Noah Webster, John Jay, Melancthon Smith, Pelatiah Werster, Tench Coxe, James Wilson, John Dickinson, Alexander Contee Hanson, Edmund Randolph, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason, and David Ramsay. The essay attributed to Gerry was in fact written by Mercy Otis Warren.
* {{cite book |authorlink= Christian G. Fritz |last= Fritz |first= Christian G. |title= American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2008}}
* {{cite book |editor-last= Garvey |editor-first= John H. |title= Modern Constitutional Theory: A Reader |edition= 5th |year= 2004}}{{Full citation needed|date=August 2014}}
* {{cite book |authorlink= Kermit L. Hall |last= Hall |first= Kermit |title= The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |location= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 1992}}
* {{cite book |editor-last= Kaminski |editor-first= John P. |title= Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, 1976- |volume= Published volumes 1–10, 13–23, forthcoming volumes 11–12, 24–29. Most recent volume: ''The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, Vol. 23, Ratification by the States: New York, No. 5''|isbn= 978-0-87020-439-5 |location= Madison |publisher= The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, |url= http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/ratification |editor2-first= Gaspare J. |editor2-last= Saladino |editor3-first= Richard |editor3-last= Leffler |editor4-first= Charles H. |editor4-last= Schoenleber |editor5-first= Margaret A. |editor5-last= Hogan |lastauthoramp= yes}}
* {{cite book |last= Klos |first= Stanley L. |authorlink= Stanley L. Klos |title= President Who? Forgotten Founders |publisher= Evisum |location= Pittsburgh, PA |page= 261 |year= 2004 |isbn= 0-9752627-5-0}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last= Kurland |editor1-first= Philip B. |editor2-last= Lerner |editor2-first= Ralph |lastauthoramp= yes |title= The Founders' Constitution |publisher= University of Chicago Press and the Liberty Fund |isbn= 0-86597-279-6 |postscript= ;}} The work consists of "extracts from the leading works of political theory, history, law, and constitutional argument on which the Framers and their contemporaries drew and which they themselves produced".
* {{cite book |editorlink1= Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first= Leonard W. |editor2-first= Kenneth L. |editor2-last= Karst |editor3-first= John G. |editor3-last= West |lastauthoramp= yes |title= Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |location= New York |publisher= Macmillan |year= 1992}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last= Mason |editor1-first= Alpheus Thomas |editor2-first= Donald Grier |editor2-last= Stephenson |lastauthoramp= yes |title= American Constitutional Law: Introductory Essays and Selected Cases |edition= 14th |year= 2004}}{{Full citation needed|date=August 2014}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= McDonald |first= Forrest |authorlink= Forrest McDonald |title= Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution |publisher= University Press of Kansas |location= Lawrence |year= 1985 |isbn= 978-0-7006-0311-4 }}
* {{cite book |last= Robertson |first= David Brian |title= The Original Compromise: What the Constitutional Framers Were Really Thinking |location= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2013}}
* {{cite book |authorlink= Laurence Tribe |last= Tribe |first= Laurence H. |title= American Constitutional Law |year= 1999}}{{Full citation needed|date=August 2014}}
* {{cite web |author= Yale Law School |url= http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/debcont.asp |title= The Avalon Project: Notes on the Debates in the Federal Convention |work= The Avalon Project |publisher= Yale Law School |accessdate= May 8, 2011}}
{{refend}}
== Спољашње везе ==
Линија 48 ⟶ 88:
* [http://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution_transcript.html Цео текст устава Сједињених Америчких Држава]
* [http://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html Цео текст закона о правима]
=== Извори владе САД ===
* [https://www.congress.gov/constitution-annotated/ Analysis and Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States]: legal analysis and interpretation of the Constitution, based primarily on Supreme Court case law
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Constitution.html United States Constitution]: Library of Congress web guide to Constitution related primary documents and resources
* [https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters.html America's Founding Documents]: original text and articles exploring the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights
* [https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm Constitution of the United States]: original text of each clause in the Constitution with an accompanying explanation of its meaning and how that meaning has changed over time
=== Невладини извори ===
* {{Britannica|134197|Constitution of the United States of America}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080531072633/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/constitution Audio reading] of the Constitution in [[MP3]] format provided by the [[University of Chicago Law School]]
* [//uscon.mobi/ Mobile friendly] version of the Constitution
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080118090302/http://www.constitutioncenter.org/ National Constitution Center]
[[Категорија:Политика САД]]
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