Haićanska revolucija — разлика између измена

Садржај обрисан Садржај додат
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Autobot (разговор | доприноси)
м Разне исправке; козметичке измене
Ред 5:
| deo = [[francuski revolucionarni ratovi|francuskih revolucionarnih]] i [[Napoleonski ratovi|Napoleonskih ratova]]
| slika = San Domingo.jpg
| veličina_slike = 350px
| opis_slike = ''Bitka kod San Dominga'', slika [[January Suchodolski|Januara Suhodloskog]] koja prikazuje sukob poljskih legionara u francsukoj službi sa haićanskim revolucionarima
| alternativni_tekst =
| datum = 21. avgust 1791 – 1. januar 1804
| lokacija = [[Saint-Domingue|San Domingo]]
| lokacija_genitiv =
| koordinate =
| tip_mape =
| reljef_mape =
| veličina_mape =
| opis_mape =
| alternativni_tekst_mape =
| oznaka_mape =
| veličina_oznake =
| tekst_oznake =
| geografska_širina =
| geografska_dužina =
| teritorija = uspostavljeno nezavisno [[Prvo haićansko carstvo|Carstvo Haiti]]
| akcija =
Ред 30:
* nestanak francuske kolonijalne vlasti
* [[Masakr na Haitiju 1804.|masakr belog francuskog stanovništva na Haitiju]]
| vođstvo_sukobljenih_strana =
| strana1 = '''1791–1793'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1791-1789).svg}} [[Saint-Domingue|Bivši robovi]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} [[Kuća Bourbon|francuski rojalisti]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Španija|1785}} [[Špansko carstvo|Španija]]<small> (od 1793) </small>
|strana1a='''1793–1798'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} [[Kuća Bourbon|francuski rojalisti]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg}} [[Kraljevstvo Velika Britanija]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Španija|1785}} [[Špansko carstvo|Španija]]<small> (do 1796) </small>
|strana1b='''1798–1801'''<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Saint-Domingue|Luverturovi lojalisti]]
Ред 37:
 
| strana2 = '''1791–1793'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} [[Saint-Domingue|Robovlasnici]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1790}} [[Kraljevina Francuska (1791–92)|Kraljevina Francuska]] <small>(do 1792)</small><br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Prva francuska republika|Francuska Republika]]
|strana2a='''1793–1798'''<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Francuska prva republika|Francuska]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1791-1789).svg}} [[Saint-Domingue|Bivši robovi]]
|strana2b='''1798–1801'''
Ред 47:
| strana3 =
 
| komandant1 = '''1791–1793'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1791-1789).svg}} [[Dutty Boukman|Duti Bukman]]{{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1791-1789).svg}} [[Georges Biassou|Žorž Bizo]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1791-1789).svg}} [[Vincent Ogé|Vinsent Ože]]{{Executed}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1791-1789).svg}} [[André Rigaud|Andre Rigo]]<br /><br />'''1793–1798'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} [[Paul-Louis Dubuc|Pol-Luis Dubuk]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg}} [[Thomas Maitland (britanski oficir)|Tomas Mejtland]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Španija|1785}} [[Joaquín García y Moreno|Žoakin Moreno]]<br /><br />'''1798–1801'''<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Toussaint Louverture|Tusen-Luvertir]]<br /><br />'''1802–1804'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg}} [[Toussaint Louverture|Tusen<br />Luvertir]]{{kapitulacija}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg}} [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines|Žan-Žak Desalin]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg}} [[Henri Christophe|Henri Kristof]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg}} [[Alexandre Pétion|Aleksandar Petion]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1803-1804).svg}} [[François Capois|Fransoa Kanoas]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo}} [[Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet|Džon Dakvort]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo}} [[John Loring (umro 1808)|Džon Loring]]
 
| komandant2 = '''1791–1793'''<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Royalist France.svg}} [[Philibert François Rouxel de Blanchelande|Vikont de Blanšeland]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1790}} [[Léger-Félicité Sonthonax|Leger-Felisit Sontonaks]]<br /><br />'''1793–1798'''<br />{{Flagdeco|France|1794}} [[Toussaint Louverture|Tusen-Luvertir]]<br />{{Flagdeco|France|1794}} [[André Rigaud|Andre Rižo]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Alexandre Pétion|Aleksanar Petion]]<br /><br />'''1798–1801'''<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[André Rigaud|Andre Rižo]]<br /><br />'''1802–1804'''<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Napoleon Bonaparta]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Charles Leclerc|Šarl Lekler]]{{KIA}}<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau|Vikont de Rošambo]]{{kapitulacija}}<br />{{Flagdeco|Francuska|1794}} [[Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse|Vilare de Žoajez]]<br />{{Flagdeco|Španija|1785}} [[Federico Carlos Gravina y Nápoli|Federiko Gravina]]
| komandant3 =
| jedinice1 =
| jedinice2 =
| jedinice3 =
| jačina1 = redovne trupe: 55.000,<br />dobrovoljci: 100,000+<br />31,000<ref name="Madiou">{{cite book|last1last=Madiou|first1first=Thomas|title=Histoire d'Haiti Volume 3 of Histoire d'Haïti [1492]-|dateyear=1848|publisher=J. Courtois,|page=313|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R98CAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y}}</ref>
| jačina2 = redovne trupe: 60.000,<br />86 linijskih brodova i fregata
| jačina3 =
| gubici1 = Haićani: 200.000 mrtvih<ref name="Scheina">{{cite book|last1last=Scheina|title=Latin America's Wars|publisher=Potomac Books|page=1772}}</ref><br />Britanci: 45.000 mrtvih<ref name="Scheina"/>
| gubici2 = Francuska: 75.000 mrtvih<ref name="Scheina"/>
| gubici3 = Beli kolonisti: 25.000 mrtvih<ref name="Scheina"/>
| napomene =
| vojna_kampanja =
}}
 
'''Haićanska revolucija''' ({{lang-fr|Révolution haïtienne}}) je naziv za niz međusobno povezanih oružanih sukoba koji su se odigrali na [[Karipsko more|karipskom]] ostrvu [[Hispaniola]] od 1791. do 1804. godine,<ref>{{cite book |authorlast=Hochschild|first=Adam Hochschild |title=Bury the Chains |year=2005 |page=257 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin}}</ref> a koji su doveli do prestanka dotadašnje [[francuska|francuske]] vlasti nad zapadnim delom ostrva, kolonijom [[Saint-Domingue|San Domingo]], odnosno uspostavom [[nezavisnost|nezavisne]] države [[Haiti]]. Započeo je kao ustanak tamošnjih, pretežno [[crnci|crnih]] i [[mulati|mulatskih]] [[ropstvo|robova]] protiv [[Francuzi|francuskih]] [[Belci|belih]] robovlasnika, velikim delom podstaknut [[Francuska revolucija|revolucionarnim]] zbivanjima u samoj Francuskoj, odnosno proklamiranim idealima o ljudskim i građanskim pravima koja su uključivala ukidanje ropstva. Sukob je bio iskomplikovan kako frakcijskim sukobima među samim Haićanima, tako i izbijanjem [[Francuski revolucionarni ratovi|francuskih revolucionarnih ratova]] zbog kojih su se u sukob na Haitiju umešale [[Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo|Britanija]] i [[Španija]]. U završnoj fazi su se bivši robovi na čelu sa [[Toussaint Louverture|Fransoa Dominik Tusen-Luvertirom]] i [[Jean-Jacques Dessalines|Žan-Žakom Desalinom]] okrenuli protiv [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleona Bonaparte]] i 1803. godine razbili [[Ekspedicija na Saint-Domingue|poslednji francuski pokušaj]] uspostave vlasti nad ostrvom, a počekom 1804. su proglasili nezavisnost. Haiti je tako, uz [[Сједињене Америчке Државе|SAD]], postao najstarija nezavisna država [[Zapadna hemisfera|zapadne hemisfere]], a Haićanska revolucija se često navodi kao jedini uspešni ustanak robova u istoriji.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_q6VhhkczIYelM4ZnNoUE9RWmM | title=The Haitian Revolution | authorlast=Knight|first=Franklin W. Knight | journal=The American Historical Review |date=February 2000 | volume=105 | issue=1 | pages=103–115 | doi=10.2307/2652438}}</ref> Danas je na široko prihvaćena kao odlučujući trenutak u istoriji rasizma u [[Atlantic World|Atlantskom svetu]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_q6VhhkczIYVlo3S1JpSllvTkU | title='The Haitian Turn': An Appraisal of Recent Literary and Historiographical Works on the Haitian Revolution | authorlast=Joseph, |first=Celucien L. | journal=Journal of Pan African Studies | year=2012 | volume=5 | issue=6 | pages=37–55.}}</ref>
 
== Reference ==
{{reflist|30em}}
 
== Literatura ==
Ред 73:
* Baur, John. "International Repercussions of the Haitian Revolution." ''The Americas'' 26, no. 4 (1970).
* Blackburn, Robin. "Haiti, Slavery, and the Age of the Democratic Revolution", ''William and Mary Quarterly'' 63.4, 633–674 (2006)
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Bryan|first=Patrick E.|title=The Haitian Revolution and Its Effects|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9owdkOc0wgC|accessdate=15. May05. 2015.|year=1984|publisher=Heinemann|isbn=978-0-435-98301-7|pages=}}
* {{citeCite book| ref=harv|author = Censer,Jack Richard |author2=Lynn Avery Hunt| title = Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Exploring the French Revolution| year = 2001| publisher = Penn State University Press| isbn = 978-0-271-02088-4 |pages=}}
* {{citeCite book|ref=harv| last = Dubois| first = Laurent| title = Avengers of the New World| year = 2005| publisher = Harvard University Press| isbn = 978-0-674-01826-6 |pages=}}
* {{citeCite book| ref=harv|author = Laurent Dubois|author2=John D. Garrigus| title = Slave Revolution in the Caribbean, 1789–1804 A Brief History with Documents| year = 2006| publisher = Bedford/st Martins| isbn = 978-0-312-41501-3 |pages=}}
* Fick, Carolyne "The Haitian revolution and the limit of freedom: defining citizenship in the revolutionary era". ''Social History'', Vol 32. No 4, November 2007
* {{citeCite book| ref=harv|author = Garrigus, John D.| title = ''Before Haiti Race and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue''| year = 2006| publisher = Macmillan| isbn = 978-1-4039-7140-1 |pages=}}
* Geggus, David Patrick. ''The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World''. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press 2001. {{ISBNpage|year=|isbn=978-1-57003-416-9|pages=}}
* Girard, Philippe. "Black Talleyrand: Toussaint Louverture's Secret Diplomacy with England and the United States," William and Mary Quarterly 66:1 (Jan. 2009), 87–124.
* Girard, Philippe. "Napoléon Bonaparte and the Emancipation Issue in Saint-Domingue, 1799–1803," French Historical Studies 32:4 (Fall 2009), 587–618.
* {{citeCite book|last1ref=harv|last=Girard|first1first=Philippe R.|title=The slaves who defeated Napoleon : Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804|dateyear=2011|publisher=University of Alabama Press|location=Tuscaloosa|isbnid=ISBN 0-8173-1732-5|ref=Girard2011}}
* Girard, Philippe. "Jean-Jacques Dessalines and the Atlantic System: A Reappraisal," William and Mary Quarterly (July 2012).
* {{citeCite book| ref=harv|author = Cyril Lionel Robert James| title = The Black Jacobins Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution| year = 1989| publisher = Vintage| edition=2nd |isbn = 978-0-679-72467-4 }}
* Joseph, Celucien L. Race, Religion, and The Haitian Revolution: Essays on Faith, Freedom, and Decolonization (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012)
* Joseph, Celucien L. From Toussaint to Price-Mars: Rhetoric, Race, and Religion in Haitian Thought (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013)
* Ott, Thomas O. ''The Haitian Revolution, 1789–1804.'' University of Tennessee Press, 1973.
* {{citeCite book| ref=harv|author = Joseph Elisée Peyre-Ferry| title = Journal des opérations militaires de l'armée française à Saint-Domingue 1802–1803 sous les ordres des capitaines-généraux Leclerc et Rochambeau| year = 2006| publisher = Les Editions de Paris-Max Chaleil| isbn = 978-2-84621-052-2 |pages=}}
* Popkin, Jeremy D., ''You Are All Free: The Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010)
* Jeffers, Jen (2016) {{cite news |url= https://theravenreport.com/2017/01/17/freedom-at-all-cost-remembering-historys-greatest-slave-rebellion/ |work=The Raven Report|title=Freedom At All Cost: Remembering History's Greatest Slave Rebellion}}
* {{citeCite book|ref=harv|first=Julius S.|last=Scott|title=[[The Common Wind|The Common Wind:]] Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution |dateyear=2018|publisher=[[Verso Books]]|isbn=9781788732475|pages=}}
{{refend}}