Elektronska ljuska — разлика између измена

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Ред 125:
== Spisak elemenata sa brojem elektrona po ljusci ==
 
TheSledeća listlista belowdaje giveselemente thepoređane elementspo arrangedrastućem byatomskom increasingbroju atomici numberprikazuje andbroj showselektrona thepo number of electrons per shellljusci. AtNa aprvi glance,pogled onese canvidi seeda thatpodskupovi subsetsliste ofpokazuju theočigledne list show obvious patternsobrasce. In particularKonkretno, thesedam seven elementselemenata (insa {{legend inline|#c0ffff|electricplavom bluepozadinom}}) before apre [[noble gas|plemenitog gasa]] (groupgrupa 18, in {{legend inline|#ff9|yellowžutom}}) higherviši thanod helium[[helijum]]a, haveimaju thebroj numberelektrona of electrons in theu [[valence electron|valencevalentnoj shellljusci]] inu [[arithmetic progression|aritmetičkoj progresiji]]. (HoweverMeđutim, thisovaj patternobrazac mayse breakmože downda inbude thenarušen u [[period 7 element|seventhsedmoj periodperiodi]] due tozbog [[relativisticRelativistic quantum chemistry|relativisticrelativističkih effectsefekata]].)
 
SortingSortiranje thetabele table byprema chemicalhemijskim [[Group (periodic table)|groupgrupama]] showspokazuje additionaldodatne patternsobrasce, especiallyposebno withu respectodnosu tona theposlednje lastdve twonajudaljenije outermost shellsljuske. (ElementsElementi 57 todo 71 belong to thepripadaju [[lanthanidelantanoidi]]sma, whiledok su 89 todo 103 are the [[actinideaktinoidi]]s.)
 
Sledeća lista je prvenstveno u skladu sa Aufbau principom. Međutim, postoji nekoliko izuzetaka od pravila; na primer, [[paladijum]] (atomski broj 46) nema elektrone u petoj ljusci, za razliku od drugih atoma sa ''nižim'' atomskim brojem. Neki unosi u tabeli su nesigurni, jer eksperimentalni podaci nisu dostupni. (Na primer, elementi iznad 108. imaju tako kratak [[poluživot]] tako da njihove elektronske konfiguracije još nisu merene.)
The list below is primarily consistent with the [[Aufbau principle]]. However, there are a number of exceptions to the rule; for example [[palladium]] (atomic number 46) has no electrons in the fifth shell, unlike other atoms with ''lower'' atomic number. Some entries in the table are uncertain, when experimental data is unavailable. (For example, the elements past 108 have such short [[half-life|half-lives]] that their electron configurations have not yet been measured.)
 
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
![[Atomic number|-{''Z''}-]] !! [[Chemical element|Element]] !! [[Electron configurations of the elements (data page)|Br. elektrona/ljuska]] !! [[Group (periodic table)|Grupa]]
|-
| 1 || [[Vodonik]] || 1 || 1
Ред 199:
| 32 || [[Germanijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 4 || 14
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 33 || [[ArsenicArsen]] || 2, 8, 18, 5 || 15
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 34 || [[SeleniumSelenijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 6 || 16
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 35 || [[BromineBrom]] || 2, 8, 18, 7 || 17
|- style="background:#ff9;"
| 36 || [[KryptonKripton]] || 2, 8, 18, 8 || 18
|-
| 37 || [[RubidiumRubidijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 || 1
|-
| 38 || [[StrontiumStroncijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 || 2
|-
| 39 || [[YttriumItrijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 || 3
|-
| 40 || [[ZirconiumCirkonijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 || 4
|-
| 41 || [[NiobiumNiobijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 || 5
|-
| 42 || [[MolybdenumMolibden]] || 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 || 6
|-
| 43 || [[TechnetiumTehnecijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 || 7
|-
| 44 || [[RutheniumRutenijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 || 8
|-
| 45 || [[RhodiumRodijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 || 9
|-
| 46 || [[PalladiumPaladijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 18 || 10
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 47 || [[SilverSrebro]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 || 11
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 48 || [[CadmiumKadmijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 || 12
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 49 || [[IndiumIndijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 || 13
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 50 || [[TinKalaj]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 || 14
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 51 || [[AntimonyAntimon]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 || 15
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 52 || [[TelluriumTelur]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 || 16
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 53 || [[IodineJod]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 || 17
|- style="background:#ff9;"
| 54 || [[XenonKsenon]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 || 18
|-
| 55 || [[CaesiumCezijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 || 1
|-
| 56 || [[BariumBarijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 || 2
|-
| 57 || [[LanthanumLantan]] || 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 || 3
|-
| 58 || [[CeriumCerijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
|-
| 59 || [[PraseodymiumPrazeodimijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
|-
| 60 || [[NeodymiumNeodimijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
|-
| 61 || [[PromethiumPrometijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2
|-
| 62 || [[SamariumSamarijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
|-
| 63 || [[EuropiumEvropijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
|-
| 64 || [[GadoliniumGadolinijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
|-
| 65 || [[TerbiumTerbijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2
|-
| 66 || [[DysprosiumDisprozijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
|-
| 67 || [[HolmiumHolmijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
|-
| 68 || [[ErbiumErbijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2
|-
| 69 || [[ThuliumTulijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
|-
| 70 || [[YtterbiumIterbijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
|-
| 71 || [[LutetiumLutecijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2
|-
| 72 || [[HafniumHafnijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 || 4
|-
| 73 || [[TantalumTantal]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 || 5
|-
| 74 || [[TungstenVolfram]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 || 6
|-
| 75 || [[RheniumRenijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 || 7
|-
| 76 || [[OsmiumOsmijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 || 8
|-
| 77 || [[IridiumIridijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 || 9
|-
| 78 || [[PlatinumPlatina]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 || 10
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 79 || [[GoldZlato]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 || 11
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 80 || [[Mercury (element)|MercuryŽiva]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 || 12
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 81 || [[ThalliumTalijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 || 13
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 82 || [[LeadOlovo]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 || 14
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 83 || [[BismuthBizmut]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 || 15
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 84 || [[PoloniumPolonijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 || 16
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 85 || [[AstatineAstat]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 || 17
|- style="background:#ff9;"
| 86 || [[Radon]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 || 18
|-
| 87 || [[FranciumFrancijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 || 1
|-
| 88 || [[RadiumRadijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 || 2
|-
| 89 || [[ActiniumAktinijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 || 3
|-
| 90 || [[ThoriumTorijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
|-
| 91 || [[ProtactiniumProtaktinijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2
|-
| 92 || [[UraniumUranijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2
|-
| 93 || [[NeptuniumNeptunijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2
|-
| 94 || [[PlutoniumPlutonijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2
|-
| 95 || [[AmericiumAmericijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2
|-
| 96 || [[CuriumKirijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2
|-
| 97 || [[BerkeliumBerklijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2
|-
| 98 || [[CaliforniumKalifornijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
|-
| 99 || [[EinsteiniumAjnštajnijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2
|-
| 100 || [[FermiumFermijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2
|-
| 101 || [[MendeleviumMendeljevijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2
|-
| 102 || [[NobeliumNobelijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2
|-
| 103 || [[LawrenciumLorencijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3
|-
| 104 || [[RutherfordiumRaderfordijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 || 4
|-
| 105 || [[DubniumDubnijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 || 5
|-
| 106 || [[SeaborgiumSiborgijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 || 6
|-
| 107 || [[BohriumBorijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2 || 7
|-
| 108 || [[HassiumHasijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 || 8
|-
| 109 || [[MeitneriumMajtnerijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (?) || 9
|-
| 110 || [[DarmstadtiumDarmštatijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 (?) || 10
|- style="background:#ffc0c0;"
| 111 || [[RoentgeniumRendgenijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2 (?) || 11
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 112 || [[CoperniciumKopernicijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 (?) || 12
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 113 || [[NihoniumNihonijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (?) || 13
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 114 || [[FleroviumFlerovijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4 (?) || 14
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 115 || [[MoscoviumMoskovijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5 (?) || 15
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 116 || [[LivermoriumLivermorijum]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 (?) || 16
|- style="background:#c0ffff;"
| 117 || [[TennessineTenesin]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 (?) || 17
|- style="background:#ff9;"
| 118 || [[OganessonOganeson]] || 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (?) || 18
|}