Сунизам — разлика између измена

Према сунитској традицији, Мухамед није јасно одредио наследника и муслиманска заједница је поступала у складу са његовом [[Суна|суном]] те изабрала његовог таста [[Abu Bakr|Ебу Бекра]] као првог [[Калифат|калифа]].<ref name=EMMENA/> То је у супротности са [[Шиизам|шиистингчким гледиштем]], према коме је Мухамед објавио током [[the event of Ghadir Khumm|догађаја на Гадир-Хуму]] да његов зет и рођак [[Алија|Али ибн Аби Талиб]] треба да буде његов наследник.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jafri|first= Syed Husain Mohammad|date=27. 8. 1976 |title=The Origins and Early Development of Shi'a Islam (Millennium (Series)) (The Millennium (Series).)|location= Karachi, Pakistan |publisher=Oxford University Press (First Published By Longman Group Ltd and Librairie du Liban 1979)|pages=19-21 |isbn=9780195793871| quote= The Shi'a unequivocally take the word in the meaning of leader, master, and patron, and therefore the explicitly nominated successor of the Prophet. The Sunnis, on the other hand, interpret the word mawla in the meaning of a friend, or the nearest kin and confidant.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alimamali.com/html/eng/index.html|title= Chapter IV Iamhood|author= <!--Not stated-->|date=<!--Not stated-->|website= Imam Ali (a.s.) Foundation|publisher= Imam Ali (a.s.) Foundation, an affiliate website of the Grand Ayatullah al-Sayyid Ali al-Hussani al-Sistani|accessdate=24. 12. 2017|quote= Appointing the heir was done when the Prophet [P] returned from the (Departure Pilgrimage); he [p] gathered all the pilgrims in a place called (Ghadeer khum) addressing them with a lengthy speech through which he asked:(Do not I own thy souls more that thou do, they said: aye). Then he [p] took Imam Ali [p] by the shoulder, holding him in front of the people and said:(He whom I am his guardian, Ali be his guardian). Thus he [p] certified Imam Ali's [p] heavenly guardianship; so everybody who was present then paid tribute to him, including the second Caliph ( i. e Omar Ben Al-Khattab), who congratulated Ali [p] saying: (Blassed be thee O! Ali, thou became my guardian and the guardian of every Mo'men.)|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171211173515/http://www.alimamali.com/html/eng/index.html|archive-date=11. 12. 2017|deadurl-urlstatus= nolive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al-islam.org/articles/beliefs-did-prophet-s-appoint-successor |title=Beliefs: Did the Prophet (s) Appoint a Successor |last=<!--Not stated--> |first=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=Al-Islam.org |publisher=<!--Not stated--> |accessdate=25. 12. 2017 |quote=The Shi'ah believe that the proclamation mentioned by the Qur'anic verse was fulfilled by the Prophet (s) when he appointed Imam 'Ali bin Abi Talib (a) as his successor on the day of Ghadir Khumm. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203104/https://www.al-islam.org/articles/beliefs-did-prophet-s-appoint-successor |archive-date=25. 12. 2017 |dead-url-status=nolive }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ismailignosis.com/2015/07/07/imam-ali-declared-the-successor-of-prophet-muhammad-in-sunni-hadith-literature/ |title=Imam Ali declared the Successor of Prophet Muhammad in Sunni Hadith Literature |last=Imam|first=Mawlana Hazar|date=<!--Not stated--> |website=Ismaili Gnosis |publisher=Ismaili Gnosis |accessdate=25. 12. 2017 |quote=As you know, the Shi'a divided from the Sunni after the death of Prophet Muhammad. Hazrat Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, was in Shia belief, named by the Prophet to be the Legitimate Authority for the interpretation of the faith. For Shi'a today all over the world, he is regarded as the first imam. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226020706/https://ismailignosis.com/2015/07/07/imam-ali-declared-the-successor-of-prophet-muhammad-in-sunni-hadith-literature/ |archive-date=26. 12. 2017 |dead-url-status=nolive }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20160103">{{cite news|last=Harney |first=John |title=How Do Sunni and Shia Islam Differ? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |date=3. 1. 2016 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=4. 1. 2016 |quote=Shiites believe that he chose Ali, his cousin and son-in-law |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103215745/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/q-and-a-how-do-sunni-and-shia-islam-differ.html |archive-date=3. 1. 2016 |dead-url-status=nolive }}</ref> Политичке тензије између сунита и шиија наставиле су се различитим интензитетом током целе [[History of Islam|исламске историје]] и оне су у последње време погоршане етничким сукобима и успоном [[Wahhabism|бахабизма]].<ref name=EMMENA/>

Године 2009, сунити су сачињавали 87–90% муслиманске популације широм света.<ref name=PEW2009>{{cite web|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|accessdate=10. 12. 2014|date=7. 10. 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214172939/http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/|archive-date=14. 12. 2015|dead-url-status=nolive}}</ref> Сунизам је највећа светска верска деноминација, чему следи [[Catholic Church|католицизам]].<ref>Connie R. Green, Sandra Brenneman Oldendorf, ''Religious Diversity and Children's Literature: Strategies and Resources'', Information Age Publishing, 2011, p.&nbsp;156. Quote: "Catholicism is the second largest religious body after Sunni Muslims"</ref> Његове присталице се називају у [[Arabic language|арапском]] ''{{transl|ar|ALA|ahl as-sunnah wa l-jamāʻah}}'' („људи суне и заједнице”) или скраћено ''{{transl|ar|ALA|ahl as-sunnah}}''.<ref name=marmura-term>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Marmura|title=Sunnī|first=Michael E. Islam. Historical Overview|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|chapter-url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0764|subscription=yes|ref=harv|quote=Sunnī Muslims have thus referred to themselves as ahl al-sunnah wa al-jamāʿah (people of the sunnah and the community).|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001|isbn=9780195305135|chapter=Sunnī Islam}}</ref><ref name=lucas-term>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity Online|last=Lucas|first=Scott C.|title=Sunnism, Sunni|publisher=Brill|year=2011|quote=The terms "Sunnism" and "Sunni" are anglicizations of Arab. ahl al-sunnah (the people of the Sunna [lit. "custom, way"]) or ahl al-sunnah wa-l-jamāʿa (the people of the Sunna and community).|doi=10.1163/2211-2685_eco_SI.100}}</ref> Сунизам се понекад назива „ортодоксним исламом”.<ref>{{Cite book|author=John Richard Thackrah|title=Dictionary of Terrorism|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-16595-6|pages=252|edition=2, revised}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|editor1-last=Nasir|editor1-first=Jamal J.|title=The Status of Women Under Islamic Law and Modern Islamic Legislation|year=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004172739|pages=11|edition=revised}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Braswell|title=What|first=George W. You Need to Know about Islam & Muslims|year=2000|publisher=B&H Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8054-1829-3|pages=62|edition=illustrated}}</ref> Поједини учењаци ислама, као што је Џон Бартон, међутим сматрају да не постоји „ортодоксни ислам”.<ref>An Introduction to the Hadith. John Burton. Published by Edinburgh University Press. 1996. p. 201. Cite: "Sunni: Of or pertaining ''sunna'', especially the ''Sunna'' of the Prophet. Used in conscious opposition to Shi'a, Shi'í. There being no ecclesia or centralized magisterium, the translation 'orthodox' is inappropriate. To the Muslim 'unorthodox' implies heretical, ''mubtadi'', from ''bid'a'', the contrary of ''sunna'', and so 'innovation'."</ref>