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м Враћене измене DelijaLika (разговор) на последњу измену корисника Gmihail
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Ред 1:
{{rut}}{{short description|Друштвена група дефинисана њеним необичним верским, духовним или филозофским веровањима}}
Под појмом '''култ''' се подразумевају [[учење|учења]] или [[мистицизам|мистични]], [[религија|религиозни]] [[атрибут]]и који се придају неким стварима, [[човек|људима]] или [[животиње|животињама]]. Култови не морају бити религиозни, али када појам употребљавају [[власт]]и и [[хришћанска црква|црква]] најчешће се односи на њих.<ref>{{РСР}}</ref>▼
 
▲'''Култ''' је [[social group]] that is defined by its unusual religious, [[spirituality|spiritual]], or philosophical beliefs, or by its [[Advocacy group|common interest]] in a particular personality, object or [[goal]]. This sense of the term is controversial and it has divergent definitions both in popular culture and [[academia]] and it has also been an ongoing source of contention among scholars across several fields of study.<ref name=ZablockiRobbins/><ref name=Richardson/> It is usually considered [[pejorative]]. Под појмом '''култ''' се подразумевају се и [[учење|учења]] или [[мистицизам|мистични]], [[религија|религиозни]] [[атрибут]]и који се придају неким стварима, [[човек|људима]] или [[животиње|животињама]]. Култови не морају бити религиозни, али када појам употребљавају [[власт]]и и [[хришћанска црква|црква]] најчешће се односи на њих.<ref>{{РСР}}</ref>
 
In the [[Typology of cults|sociological classifications of religious movements]], a cult is a social group with [[Deviance (sociology)|socially deviant]] or [[Novelty|novel]] beliefs and practices,<ref>{{harvnb|Stark|Bainbridge|1996|p=124}}</ref> although this is often unclear.<ref>[[OED]], citing ''American Journal of Sociology'' 85 (1980), p. 1377: "Cults [...], like other deviant social movements, tend to recruit people with a grievance, people who suffer from a some variety of deprivation."</ref><ref>Chuck Shaw – [http://shawcss.tripod.com/REL101/society/sects.htm Sects and Cults] – Greenville Technical College – Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref><ref>Olson, Paul J. 2006. "The Public Perception of 'Cults' and 'New Religious Movements'." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 45 (1): 97–106</ref> Other researchers present a less-organized picture of cults, saying that they arise spontaneously around novel beliefs and practices.<ref>{{harvnb|Stark|Bainbridge|1987}}</ref> Groups said to be cults range in size from local groups with a few members to international organizations with millions.<ref name="barker1999"/>
 
Beginning in the 1930s, cults became the object of [[sociology|sociological study]] in the context of the study of religious behavior.<ref>Erwin Fahlbusch, Geoffrey William Bromiley – [https://books.google.com/books?id=C5V7oyy69zgC&pg=PA897&lpg=PA897&dq=howard+becker+cult+study&source=bl&hl=en The Encyclopedia of Christianity: P-Sh, Volume 4] p. 897. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref> From the 1940s the [[Christian countercult movement]] has opposed some [[sect]]s and [[new religious movement]]s, and it labelled them as cults for their "un-Christian" [[Heterodoxy|unorthodox beliefs]]. The secular [[anti-cult movement]] began in the 1970s and it opposed certain groups, often charging them with [[mind control]] and partly motivated in reaction to acts of violence committed by some of their members. Some of the claims and actions of the anti-cult movement have been disputed by scholars and by the news media, leading to further public controversy.
 
An older sense of the word ''[[Cult (religious practice)|cult]]'' is a set of religious devotional practices that are conventional within their culture and related to a particular figure, and often associated with a particular place. References to the "cult" of, for example, a particular Catholic saint, or the [[imperial cult of ancient Rome]], use this sense of the word.
 
While the literal original sense of the word in English remains in use, a derived sense of "excessive devotion" arose in the 19th century.<ref>Compare the Oxford English Dictionary note for usage in 1875: "cult:[...] b. A relatively small group of people having (esp. religious) beliefs or practices regarded by others as strange or sinister, or as exercising excessive control over members. [...] 1875 ''Brit. Mail 30'' Jan. 13/1 Buffaloism is, it would seem, a cult, a creed, a secret community, the members of which are bound together by strange and weird vows, and listen in hidden conclave to mysterious lore." {{Cite OED|cult}}</ref> The terms ''cult'' and ''cultist'' came into use in [[medical literature]] in the United States in the 1930s for what would now be termed "[[faith healing]]", especially as practised in the US [[Holiness movement]]. This usage experienced a surge of popularity at the time, and extended to other forms of [[alternative medicine]] as well.<ref>In W. S. Taylor, 'Science and cult', ''Psychological Review'', Vol 37(2), March 1930, "cultist" is still used in the sense that would now be expressed by "religionist", i.e. anyone adopting a religious worldview as opposed to a scientific one. In the ''New York State Journal of Medicine'' of 1932, p. 84 (and other medical publications of the 1930s; e.g. Morris Fishbein, ''Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults'', 1932), "cultist" refers to those adhering to what was then called "healing cults", and what would now be referred to as [[faith healing]], but also of other forms of [[alternative medicine]] ("cultist" (in quotes) of a [[chiropractor]] in ''United States naval medical bulletin'', Volume 28, 1930, p. 366).</ref>
 
== Дефиниција ==
In the English-speaking world the word "cult" often carries derogatory connotations.<ref>Compare: T.L. Brink (2008) Psychology: A Student Friendly Approach. "Unit 13: Social Psychology". pp 320 [http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/TLBrink_PSYCH13.pdf] – "Cult is a somewhat derogatory term for a new religious movement, especially one with unusual theological doctrine or one that is abusive of its membership."</ref> It has always been controversial because it is (in a [[pejorative]] sense) considered a subjective term, used as an ''[[ad hominem]]'' attack against groups with differing doctrines or practices.<ref>Chuck Shaw – [http://shawcss.tripod.com/REL101/society/sects.htm Sects and Cults] – Greenville Technical College. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref><ref>Bromley, David Melton, J. Gordon 2002. Cults, Religion, and Violence. West Nyack, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.</ref>
 
In the 1970s, with the rise of secular anti-cult movements, scholars (but not the general public) began abandoning the term "cult". According to ''The Oxford Handbook of Religious Movements'', "by the end of the decade, the term 'new religions' would virtually replace 'cult' to describe all of those leftover groups that did not fit easily under the label of church or sect."<ref name="Lewis, 2004"/>
 
== Разлика између култа и обреда ==
Линија 19 ⟶ 34:
 
== Референце ==
{{reflist}}|refs=
<ref name=ZablockiRobbins>{{cite book |last=Zablocki |first=Benjamin David |authorlink=Benjamin Zablocki |last2=Robbins |first2=Thomas |title=Misunderstanding Cults: Searching for Objectivity in a Controversial Field |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2001 |location= |url= |doi= |id= |isbn=0-8020-8188-6 |page=474|author2-link=Thomas Robbins (sociologist) |title-link=Misunderstanding Cults (book) }}</ref>
<ref name="barker1999">[[Eileen Barker]], 1999, "New Religious Movements: their incidence and significance", ''New Religious Movements: challenge and response'', Bryan Wilson and Jamie Cresswell editors, [[Routledge]] {{ISBN|0-415-20050-4}}</ref>
<ref name=Richardson>{{harvnb|Richardson|1993|pp=348–56}}</ref>
<ref name="Lewis, 2004">{{harvnb|Lewis|2004}}</ref>
}}
 
== Литература ==
{{светоназор|аспекти}}▼
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=Cowan|first=Douglas E.|title=Bearing False Witness? An Introduction to the Christian Countercult |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport, CT |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-275-97459-6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Dawson |first=Lorne L. |title=Cults in Context: Readings in the Study of New Religious Movements |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1998 |location= |url= |doi= |id= |isbn=0-7658-0478-6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=James R. Lewis (scholar)|last=Lewis|first=James R.|year=2004 |title=The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements |publisher=Oxford University Press US |isbn=0-19-514986-6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.2307/3511972 |authorlink=James T. Richardson|last=Richardson|first=James T. |year=1993 |title=Definitions of Cult: From Sociological-Technical to Popular-Negative |journal=Review of Religious Research |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=348–56 |jstor=3511972|ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |doi=10.1111/0021-8294.00046 |last1=Richardson |first1=James T. |last2=Introvigne |first2=Massimo |author2link=Massimo Introvigne |year=2001 |title='Brainwashing' Theories in European Parliamentary and Administrative Reports on 'Cults' and 'Sects' |journal=Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=143–68|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Stark |first1=Rodney |author1link=Rodney Stark |last2=Bainbridge |first2=William Sims |author2link=William Sims Bainbridge |title=The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, CA |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-520-05731-9|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|first1=Rodney |last1=Stark |first2=William |last2=Bainbridge |title=A Theory of Religion |publisher=Peter Lang Publishing |year=1996 |pages=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xi9j4vCOtPQC |isbn=0-8135-2330-3|ref=harv}}
* [[Eileen Barker|Barker, E.]] (1989) ''New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction'', London, HMSO
* Bromley, David et al.: ''Cults, Religion, and Violence'', 2002, {{ISBN|0-521-66898-0}}
* Enroth, Ronald. (1992) ''[[Churches that Abuse]]'', Zondervan, {{ISBN|0-310-53290-6}} [http://www.apologeticsindex.org/716-churches-that-abuse-online-book Full text online]
* Esquerre, Arnaud: ''La manipulation mentale. Sociologie des sectes en France'', Fayard, Paris, 2009.
* House, Wayne: ''Charts of Cults, Sects, and Religious Movements'', 2000, {{ISBN|0-310-38551-2}}
* Kramer, Joel and Alstad, Diane: ''The Guru Papers: Masks of Authoritarian Power'', 1993.
* Lalich, Janja: ''Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults'', 2004, {{ISBN|0-520-24018-9}}
* Landau Tobias, Madeleine et al. : ''Captive Hearts, Captive Minds'', 1994, {{ISBN|0-89793-144-0}}
* [[James R. Lewis (scholar)|Lewis, James R.]] ''Odd Gods: New Religions and the Cult Controversy'', [[Prometheus Books]], 2001
* Martin, Walter et al.: ''[[The Kingdom of the Cults]]'', 2003, {{ISBN|0-7642-2821-8}}
* [[J. Gordon Melton|Melton, Gordon]]: ''Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America'', 1992 {{ISBN|0-8153-1140-0}}
* Oakes, Len: ''Prophetic Charisma: The Psychology of Revolutionary Religious Personalities'', 1997, {{ISBN|0-8156-0398-3}}
* [[Margaret Singer|Singer, Margaret Thaler]]: ''Cults in Our Midst: The Continuing Fight Against Their Hidden Menace'', 1992, {{ISBN|0-7879-6741-6}}
* Tourish, Dennis: '''On the Edge: Political Cults Right and Left'', 2000, {{ISBN|0-7656-0639-9}}
* Langone, Michael: Cults: Questions and Answers [http://www.csj.org/infoserv_articles/langone_michael_cultsqa.htm]
* [[Robert Jay Lifton|Lifton, Robert Jay]]: ''Cult Formation'', ''The Harvard Mental Health Letter'', February 1991 [https://web.archive.org/web/20040624204743/http://csj.org/infoserv_articles/lifton_robert.htm]
* Robbins, T. and D. Anthony, 1982. "Deprogramming, brainwashing and the medicalization of deviant religious groups" ''Social Problems'' '''29''' pp.&nbsp;283–97.
* Rosedale, Herbert et al.: ''On Using the Term "Cult"'' [http://www.csj.org/infoserv_articles/langone_michael_term_cult.htm]
* Van Hoey, Sara: ''Cults in Court'' The Los Angeles Lawyer, February 1991 [http://www.csj.org/infoserv_articles/van_hoey_sara_cults_in_court.htm]
* [[Philip Zimbardo|Zimbardo, Philip]]: ''What messages are behind today's cults?'', American Psychological Association Monitor, May 1997 [http://www.csj.org/infoserv_articles/zimbardo_philip_messeges.htm]
* Aronoff, Jodi; Lynn, Steven Jay; Malinosky, Peter. ''Are cultic environments psychologically harmful?'', ''Clinical Psychology Review'', 2000, Vol. 20 No. 1
* {{cite book |chapter=Brainwashing |last=Bromley |first=David G. |year=1998 |pages=61–62 |title=Encyclopedia of Religion and Society |editors=William H. Swatos Jr. (Ed.) |publisher=AltaMira |location=Walnut Creek, CA |isbn=978-0-7619-8956-1}}
{{refend}}
 
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Commons category-lat|Cult}}
* {{cite web |first=J. Gordon |last=Melton |authorlink=J. Gordon Melton |title=Brainwashing and the Cults: The Rise and Fall of a Theory |url=http://www.cesnur.org/testi/melton.htm |publisher=CESNUR: Center for Studies on New Religions |date=10 December 1999 |accessdate=15 June 2009 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.csj.org/infoserv_cult101/checklis.htm |title=Characteristics Associated with Cultic Groups – Revised |last1=Janja |first1=Lalich |last2=Langone |first2=Michael |website=International_Cultic_Studies_Association |publisher=International Cultic Studies Association |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
 
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Преузето из „https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Култ”