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Ред 45:
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=Nisrine|last=Abiad|title=Sharia, Muslim States and International Human Rights Treaty Obligations: A Comparative Study|publisher=British Institute of International and Comparative Law|year=2008}}
* {{Cite book| ref = harv | first=Kecia |last=Ali |authorlink = Kecia Ali |year=2010 | title=Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam |publisher=Harvard University Press}}
* {{Cite book| ref = harv | first=Abbas |last=Amanat |chapter=Preface|title=Shari'a: Islamic Law in the Contemporary Context|editor1 editor-last1 =Abbas Amanat | editor-first1 = Abbas |editor2=Frank Griffel|publisher=Stanford University Press (Kindle Edition)|year=2009 }}
* {{ Cite book | last=An-Na'im | first = Abdullahi Ahmed |author-link = Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im | editor-last=Witte | editor-first = John Jr. | editor2-last=Van der Vyver | editor2-first = Johan David |year=1996| title = Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective: Religious Perspectives | chapter = Islamic Foundations of Religious Human Rights | chapter-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140116094053/http://www.law.emory.edu/aannaim/pdfiles/dwnld15.pdf | volume = 1 | publisher = Martinus Nijhoff | place = The Hague / Boston / London |isbn=9789041101761 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Maurits S. |last=Berger|title=Fatwa|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics|editor=Emad El-Din Shahin|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t342/e0003|url-access=subscription }}
Ред 56:
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Noel James |last=Coulson|first2=Ahmed|last2=El Shamsy|title=Sharīʿah|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2019 |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shariah|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Ahmad S. |last=Dallal|first2=Jocelyn|last2=Hendrickson|title=Fatwā. Modern usage|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0243}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=Adis |last=Duderija |year=2014 |title=Contemporary Muslim Reformist Thought and Maqāṣid cum Maṣlaḥa Approaches to Islamic Law: An Introduction | editor-last =Adis Duderija | editor-first = Adis |volume=Maqasid al-Shari’a and Contemporary Reformist Muslim Thought: An Examination |publisher=Springer }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Soha|last=El Achi |title=Slavery| editor-last =Jonathan Brown | editor-first = Jonathan |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Law|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=John L.|last=Esposito|first2=Natana J.|last2=DeLong-Bas|title=Shariah: What Everyone Needs to Know|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=R.M. |last=Gleave |year=2012 |title=Maḳāṣid al-Sharīʿa |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |publisher=Brill |editor=P. Bearman |editor2=Th. Bianquis |editor3=C.E. Bosworth |editor4=E. van Donzel |editor5=W.P. Heinrichs |ref=harv |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8809}}
Ред 64:
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=Wael B.|last=Hallaq|authorlink = Wael Hallaq|title=Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations|year=2009b|publisher=Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition)}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Wael B.|last=Hallaq|authorlink = Wael Hallaq| entry=Islamic Law: History and Transformation|title=The New Cambridge History of Islam|volume=Volume 4|publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=harv |year=2010 |editor=Robert Irwin}}
* Harnischfeger, Johannes (2008). ''Democratization and Islamic Law – The Sharia Conflict in Nigeria''. Frankfurt; New York City: Campus Verlag and Chicago: University of Chicago Press (distributor). {{page|year=2008|isbn=978-3593382562|pages=}}.
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=P.|last=Hardy|year=1991| title=Djizya. iii. India|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam| edition=2nd|publisher=Brill |editor1=P. Bearman|editor2= Th. Bianquis|editor3= C.E. Bosworth|editor4= E. van Donzel|editor5= W.P. Heinrichs|volume=2|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Jocelyn|last=Hendrickson|title=Fatwa|editor=Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone|encyclopedia=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|ref=harv}}
Ред 70:
* {{Cite book| ref=harv |first=Chris |last=Horrie |authorlink=Chris Horrie |last2=Chippindale |first2=Peter |year=1991 |title=What Is Islam? A Comprehensive Introduction |publisher=[[Virgin Books]] |isbn=978-0753508275|pages=}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Iza |last=Hussin |title=Sunni Schools of Jurisprudence |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor=Emad El-Din Shahin |year=2014 |doi=10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199739356.001.0001|isbn=9780199739356|pages=}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Benjamin |last=Jokisch |title=Origins of and Influences on Islamic law |editor=Anver M. Emon |editor2 editor-last2 =Rumee Ahmed | editor-first2 = Rumee |encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Law |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2015 |ref=harv |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679010.001.0001|isbn=9780199679010|pages=}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Cristina|last=Jones-Pauly|title=Codes and Codification. Islamic Law|encyclopedia=The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195134056.001.0001/acref-9780195134056-e-161|editor=Stanley N. Katz|url-access=subscription |ref=harv|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195134056.001.0001|isbn=9780195134056|pages=}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv |last=Khadduri |first=Majid |year=1955 |title=War and Peace in the Law of Islam |location=Baltimore |publisher=Johns Hopkins |oclc=647084498}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|last=Kamali |first=Mohammad Hashim |authorlink=Mohammad Hashim Kamali |title=Law and Society | editor-last =John Esposito | editor-first = John |volume=The Oxford History of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press (Kindle edition) |year=1999 }}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv |editor1-last=Khadduri |editor1-first=Majid |editor2-last=Liebesny |editor2-first=Herbert J. |title=Law in the Middle East |publisher=Middle East Institute |year=1955 |oclc=578890367}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|last=Lapidus |first=Ira M. |authorlink=Ira M. Lapidus |title=A History of Islamic Societies |publisher=Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition) |year=2014 |isbn=978-0521514309 }}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|last=Lapidus | first = Ira M. | last2=Salaymeh | first2=Lena | title = A History of Islamic Societies | publisher = Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition) |year=2014|isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 }}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=Bernard|last=Lewis|title=Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry|year=1992|publisher= Oxford University Press}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Gregory |last=Mack |title=Ḥisbah| editor-last =Jonathan Brown | editor-first = Jonathan |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Law|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Bruce|last=Masters|title=Dhimmi|editor1 editor-last1 =Gábor Ágoston | editor-first1 = Gábor |editor2=Bruce Masters|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2009|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Muhammad Khalid|last=Masud|title=Anglo-Muhammadan Law|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=3rd|editor1 editor-last1 =Kate Fleet | editor-first1 = Kate |editor2=Gudrun Krämer|editor3 editor-last3 =Denis Matringe | editor-first3 = Denis |editor4=John Nawas|editor5 editor-last5 =Everett Rowson | editor-first5 = Everett |publisher=Brill|year=2009|ref=harv|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22716}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Muhammad Khalid|last=Masud|first2=Joseph A.|last2=Kéchichian|title=Fatwā. Concepts of Fatwā|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0243}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Ann Elizabeth |last=Mayer |title=Law. Modern Legal Reform |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor=John L. Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2009 |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0473#e0473-s5}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|last=Messick|first=Brinkley|title=Fatwā, modern|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=3rd|editor1 editor-last1 =Kate Fleet | editor-first1 = Kate |editor2=Gudrun Krämer|editor3 editor-last3 =Denis Matringe | editor-first3 = Denis |editor4=John Nawas|editor5 editor-last5 =Everett Rowson | editor-first5 = Everett |publisher=Brill|year=2017|ref=harv|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27049}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Brinkley|last=Messick |first2=Joseph A.|last2=Kéchichian|title=Fatwā. Process and Function|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0243}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Muslih|first=Muhammad|last2=Browers|first2=Michaelle|title= Democracy |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0185|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Ronald L. |last=Nettler|title=Dhimmī|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-0194|url-access=subscription |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |isbn=9780195305135|pages=}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=Felicitas |last=Opwis |year=2007 |title=Islamic Law and Legal Change: The Concept of Maslaha in Classical and Contemporary Legal Theory | editor-last =Abbas Amanat |editor2 editor-first = Abbas | editor-last2 =Frank Griffel | editor-first2 = Frank |volume=Shari'a: Islamic Law in the Contemporary Context |publisher=Stanford University Press |edition=Kindle }}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv |first=Jan Michiel |last=Otto |year=2008 |title=Sharia and National Law in Muslim Countries: Tensions and Opportunities for Dutch and EU Foreign Policy |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-9087280482 |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/20694/Sharia%20and%20national%20Law%20in%20Muslim%20countries.pdf}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv |editor1-first=Jan Michiel |editor1-last=Otto |year=2010 |title=Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present |publisher=Leiden University Press |isbn=978-9400600171|pages=}}
Ред 97:
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Irene |last=Schneider |title=Fiqh |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor=Emad El-Din Shahin |year=2014 |doi=10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199739356.001.0001|isbn=9780199739356|pages=}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Devin J.|last=Stewart|title=Shari'a|editor=Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone|encyclopedia=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Silvia|last=Tellenbach|year=2015|title=Islamic Criminal Law|encyclopedia=The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law|editor1=Markus D. Dubber|editor2 editor-last2 = Hornle | editor-first2 = Tatjana Hornle|publisher= Oxford University Press|ref=harv|isbn=978-0199673599|pages=}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Jörn|last=Thielmann|title=Ḥisba (modern times)|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=3rd|editor1 editor-last1 =Kate Fleet | editor-first1 = Kate |editor2=Gudrun Krämer|editor3 editor-last3 =Denis Matringe | editor-first3 = Denis |editor4=John Nawas|editor5 editor-last5 =Everett Rowson | editor-first5 = Everett |publisher=Brill|year=2017|ref=harv|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30485}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Mathieu |last=Tillier |title=Courts|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics|editor=Emad El-Din Shahin|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199739356.001.0001/acref-9780199739356-e-0138|url-access=subscription |doi=10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199739356.001.0001 |isbn=9780199739356|pages=}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=Knut S.|last=Vikør|year=2005 | title=Between God and the Sultan: A History of Islamic Law|publisher=Oxford University Press }}
Ред 106:
* {{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv |first=Farhat J. |last=Ziadeh |title=Criminal Law |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |editor=John L. Esposito |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2009c |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0170}}
* Coulson, Noel J. (1964). ''A History of Islamic Law''. Edinburgh: Edinburgh U.P.
* Hallaq, Wael B. (2009). ''An Introduction to Islamic Law''. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P. {{page|year=2009|isbn=978-0521678735|pages=}}
* [[Joseph Schacht|Schacht, Joseph]] (1964). ''An Introduction to Islamic Law''. Oxford: Clarendon
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|first=Knut S.|last=Vikør|year=2005 | title=Between God and the Sultan: A History of Islamic Law|publisher=Oxford University Press}}