Krleži — разлика између измена

'''Krleži''' (-{''Acari''}- ili -{''Acarina''}-) su [[takson]] [[Paukoliki zglavkari|paukolikih zglavkara]] koji sadrže [[grinje]] i [[krpelj]]e. Raznovrsnost potklase -{''Acari''}- je izuzetna i njihova [[fossil record|fosilna istorija]] seže barem u rani [[devon]]ski period.<ref>{{cite web |first1= David Evans | last1= Walter| first2= Gerald |last2= Krantz| first3= Evert |last3= Lindquist |title=Acari. The Mites |url= http://tolweb.org/Acari/2554/1996.12.13 |date=December 13,. 12. 1996 |publisher= [[Tree of Life Web Project]] |accessdate=June 21,. 6. 2010}}</ref> Akarolozi (ljudi koji proučavaju potklasu -{''Acari''}-) predložili su složen skup taksonomskih redova za klasifikaciju grinja. U većini modernih tretmana, -{Acari}- se smatraju [[Class (biology)|potklasom]] -{''Arachnida''}- i sastoje se od dva ili tri [[Ред (биологија)|nadred]]a ili [[order (biology)|reda]]: -{''[[Acariformes]]''}- (ili -{''Actinotrichida''}-), -{''[[Parasitiformes]]''}- (ili -{''Anactinotrichida''}-), i -{''[[Opilioacariformes]]''}-; kasniji se često smatra podgrupom unutar -{''Parasitiformes''}-. [[monophyly|Monofilija]] potklase -{''Acari''}- je predmet rasprava, a njen odnos prema drugim paučnicima nije nimalo jasan.<ref name=Garw>{{cite journal|title=Three-dimensional reconstruction and the phylogeny of extinct chelicerate orders|first=Russell J.|last=Garwood|first2=Jason A.| last2= Dunlop |year= 2014| journal= PeerJ| volume= 2| pages= e641| url= https://peerj.com/articles/641/|accessdate=June 15,. 6. 2015| doi= 10.7717/peerj.641 |pmid= 25405073 |pmc= 4232842}}</ref> U starijim tretmanima, podgrupe iz -{''Acarina''}- bile su stavljene su rang reda, ali kako su njihove vlastite podele postale jasnije, njihovo tretiranje na nivou nadreda je uobičajenije.

Nedavna genetička istraživanja su prouzrokovala promenu u shemi imenovanja, i nedavne publikacije su promenile nadred -{''Parasitiformes''}- u red.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=S.C. |last1=Barker |first2=A. |last2=Murrell |date=2004 |title=Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names |journal=Parasitology |volume=129 |issue=7 |pages=S15–S36 |doi=10.1017/S0031182004005207 |lastauthoramp=yes }}</ref> Druga nedavna istraživanja ukazuju na to da je potklasa -{''Acari''}- [[polyphyletic|polifiletična]], pri čemu su krpelji i pauci međusobno srodniji od krpelja i grinja.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sanggaard|first1=Kristian W.|last2=Bechsgaard|first2=Jesper S.|last3=Fang|first3=Xiaodong|title=Spider genomes provide insight into composition and evolution of venom and silk|journal=Nature Communications |date=6. May5. 2014| volume= 5|pages=3765| doi= 10.1038/ncomms4765| url= http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4765|language=en|issn=2041-1723| pmid= 24801114| pmc= 4273655|bibcode=2014NatCo...5E3765S}}</ref> Kladogram se zasniva na radu Daberta et al. iz 2010. godine, koji su koristili molekularne podatke. Iz te studije je proisteklo da je nadred -{''Acariformes''}- sestrinjski sa redom -{''[[Solifugae]]''}- (kamelji pauci), dok su -{''Parasitiformes''}- u sestrinskom odnosu sa -{''[[Pseudoscorpionida]]''}-.<ref name= "DabertWitalinski2010">{{cite journal |last1=Dabert |first1=Miroslawa |last2=Witalinski |first2=Wojciech |last3=Kazmierski |first3=Andrzej |last4=Olszanowski |first4=Ziemowit |last5=Dabert |first5=Jacek |title=Molecular phylogeny of acariform mites (Acari, Arachnida): Strong conflict between phylogenetic signal and long-branch attraction artifacts |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=56 |issue=1 |year=2010|pages=222–241 |issn= 1055-7903 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.020|pmid=20060051 }}</ref>

* {{cite web |url=http://tolweb.org/Acari/2554 |title=Acari. The Mites |first1= David Evans | last1= Walter| first2= Gerald |last2= Krantz |first3= Evert | last3= Lindquist |date=December 13,. 12. 1996 |website= tolweb.org |publisher= Tree of Life Web Project}}

* {{cite web |url=http://tolweb.org/Acariformes/2563 | first= Heather |last=Proctor |date=August 9,. 8. 1998 |title=Acariformes. The "mite-like" mites |website= tolweb.org |publisher= Tree of Life Web Project}}

* {{cite web |url=http://tolweb.org/Parasitiformes |first1= David Evans | last1= Walter|title= Parasitiformes. Holothyrans, ticks and mesostigmatic mites |date=December 13,. 12. 1996 |website= tolweb.org |publisher= Tree of Life Web Project}}

* {{cite web|url=http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/lwrrdc/public/aquatics/aghydra/html/about.htm |title=Key to Families and Subfamilies of Water Mites (Hydracarina) in Australia |first1= Mark | last1= Harvey | first2= Heather |last2= Proctor |website= lucidcentral.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060825162404/http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/lwrrdc/public/Aquatics/aghydra/html/about.htm |archivedate=2006-08-25. 8. 2006 }}

* {{cite web|url=http://www.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/mites/Invasive_Mite_Identification/key/Whole_site/Home_whole_key.html |title=Invasive Mite Identification |first1= David Evans |website= lucidcentral.org | last1= Walter| date=September 15,. 9. 2006 |publisher=[[Colorado State University]], USDA/APHIS/PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070313140656/http://www.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/mites/Invasive_Mite_Identification/key/Whole_site/Home_whole_key.html |archivedate=March 13,. 3. 2007 }}