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Индустријска револуција — разлика између измена

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Ред 5:
Индустријска револуција представља прелаз на нове производне процесе у периоду од око 1760. до раздобља између 1820. и 1840. Она се састојала од прелаза са ручних производних метода на машинске, нове хемијске производње и процес за продукцију гвожђа, побољшане ефиктивности [[Водени точак|снага воде]], повећане употребе [[Парна машина|снаге паре]], и развоја [[Алатни строј|машинских оруђа]]. Она је такође обухватала прелаз са дрвета и других [[Биогорива|био-горива]] на [[угаљ]]. Индустрија текстила је била доминантна током индустријске револуције у погледу запошљавања, вредности производа и инвестираног капитала; текстилна индустрија је такође била прва да примени модерне методе производње.{{sfn|Landes|1969|p=40}}
Индустријска револуција обележава значајну историјску прекретницу. Она је утицала на скоро сваки аспект дневног живота на известан начин. Специфично, просечни приход и величина популације су почеле да манифестују раније невиђени степен константног раста. Неки економисти сматрају да је главни импакт индустријске револуције да је [[Животни стандард|стандард живота]] генералне популације почео да конзистентно расте по први пут у историји, мада други тврде није дошло до знатног побољшања до касног 19. и до 20. века.<ref name="Lectures on Economic Growth"/><ref name="Feinstein2014">{{cite journal|last=Feinstein|first=Charles|title=Pessimism Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain during and after the Industrial Revolution|journal=Journal of Economic History |date year=1998|volume=58 |issue=3 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4123540 |accessdate=6. 5. 2014|doi=10.1017/s0022050700021100|pages=625-58625–58}}</ref><ref name="SzreterMooney2014">{{cite journal|author=Szreter & Mooney|title=Urbanization, Mortality, and the Standard of Living Debate: New Estimates of the Expectation of Life at Birth in Nineteenth-Century British Cities|journal=The Economic History Review|date year=1998|volume=51|issue=1|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0289.00084/abstract|accessdate=6. 5. 2014|doi=10.1111/1468-0289.00084|last2=Mooney|pages=104}}</ref>
 
Индустријска револуција је почела у Великој Британији, и проширила се на Западну Европу и Северну Америку у току неколико декада.<ref name="harvnb|Landes|1969">{{harvnb|Landes|1969}}</ref> Прецизни почетак и крај индустријске револуције је још увек предмет дебате међу историчарима, као и темпо економских и друштвених промена.<ref name="revolution"/><ref>{{Cite book|last=Inikori|first=J. E.|title=Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Study in International Trade and Economic Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IRJDv5tmF1MC|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-01079-5|pages=}}</ref><ref name="Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution"/><ref name="lorenzen"/> [[Бруто домаћи производ|ГДП]] по становнику је био углавном стабилан пре индустријске револуције и појаве модерне [[капитализам|капиталистичке]] економије,<ref name="The Industrial Revolution"/> док је индустријска револуција почела еру [[економски раст|економског раста]] у капиталистичким економијама.<ref name="The Industrial Revolution ''Past and Future''"/> Економски историчари се слажу да је индустријска револуција најважнији догађај у историји човечанства од периода доместикације животиња, биљки<ref name="ReviewOfCambridge"/> и ватре.
Ред 72:
<ref name="revolution">Eric Hobsbawm, ''The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848''. {{page1|location=|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd|year=|isbn=978-0-349-10484-3|pages=27}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution">{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/2598327 |title=Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution |year=1992|last=Berg|first=Maxine|journal=The Economic History Review |volume=45 |last2=Hudson|first2=Pat|issue=1 |publisher=The Economic History Review, Vol. 45, No. 1 |jstor=2598327 |authorlink2= |pages=24-5024–50}}</ref>
 
<ref name="lorenzen">[http://www.julielorenzen.net/berg.html Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution] {{Wayback|url=http://www.julielorenzen.net/berg.html |date=20061109022755 }} by Julie Lorenzen, Central Michigan University. Приступљено November 2006.</ref>
Ред 88:
<ref name="industrial10">{{Cite book|author = Hudson, Pat|title=The Industrial Revolution|publisher=Oxford University Press US|location=|year=|isbn=978-0-7131-6531-9|pages=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="association">{{cite journal |last=Fullerton|first= Ronald A. |title= How Modern Is Modern Marketing? Marketing's Evolution and the Myth of the "Production Era" |journal= The Journal of Marketing |volume= 52 |issue= 1 |publisher= [[American Marketing Association]] |location= New York City, NY |year=1988|doi= 10.2307/1251689 |id= |jstor=1251689|pages=108-125108–125}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Technics & Civilization">{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/015688254X?p=S00Q&checkSum=udoW5CVmUdy3Y45ns0wtGk7Wesh6yWx220dcukbd7VE%3D |title=Technics & Civilization |publisher=Lewis Mumford |accessdate=8. 1. 2009}}</ref>
Ред 96:
<ref name="dklevine">Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine, [http://www.dklevine.com/general/intellectual/againstfinal.htm Against Intellectual Monopoly], {{cite web|url=http://www.dklevine.com/papers/imbookfinal01.pdf |title=Chapter 1, final online version January 2, 2008 }} {{small|(55 KB)}}. {{page1|location=|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-87928-6|pages=15}}</ref>
 
<ref name="mott-smith">{{Cite book|title=The Concept of Energy Simply Explained |last=Mott-Smith |first=Morton|year=1964| origyear=Unabridged and revised version of the book first published by D. Appleton-Century Company in 1934 under the former title: The Story of Energy |publisher=Dover Publications, Inc. |location=New York |isbn=978-0-486-21071-1|pages=13-1413–14}}</ref>
 
}}
Ред 105:
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Преузето из „https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Индустријска_револуција”