Prirodni proizvod — разлика између измена
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'''Prirodni proizvod''' je [[hemijsko jedinjenje]] ili [[chemical substance|supstanca]] koju je proizveo živi organizam, i koja se stoga javlja u [[priroda|prirodi]].<ref name="url_Natural_product_Webster">{{cite web | url = http://www.thefreedictionary.com/natural+product | title = Natural product | year = 1913 | format = | author = Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary | publisher = Free Online Dictionary and C. & G. Merriam Co. | quote = A chemical substance produced by a living organism; - a term used commonly in reference to chemical substances found in nature that have distinctive pharmacological effects. Such a substance is considered a natural product even if it can be prepared by total synthesis. }}</ref><ref name="pmid17576412">{{cite journal | vauthors = | title = All natural | journal = Nature Chemical Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 7 | pages = 351 | date=jul 2007 | pmid = 17576412 | doi = 10.1038/nchembio0707-351 | quote = "The simplest definition for a natural product is a small molecule that is produced by a biological source." }}</ref> U najširem smislu, prirodni proizvodi obuhvataju bilo koju supstancu koju su proizvela [[život|živa bića]].<ref name = "Samuelson_1999">{{cite book | title = Drugs of Natural Origin: A Textbook of Pharmacognosy | author = Samuelson G | publisher = Taylor & Francis Ltd, | year = 1999 | isbn = 9789186274818 }}</ref><ref name="urlNatural Products Research—Information for Researchers | NCCAM">{{cite web | url = http://nccih.nih.gov/grants/naturalproducts | title = Natural Products Research—Information for Researchers | NCCIH | author = National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health | date=13. 7. 2013 | work = | publisher = U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | quote = Natural products include a large and diverse group of substances from a variety of sources. They are produced by marine organisms, bacteria, fungi, and plants. The term encompasses complex extracts from these producers, but also the isolated compounds derived from those extracts. It also includes vitamins, minerals and probiotics. }}</ref> Prirodni proizvodi isto tako mogu da budu pripremljeni putem [[hemijska sinteza|hemijske sinteze]] (bilo [[semisinteza|semisinteze]] ili [[totalna sinteza|totalne sinteze]]) i igrali su centralnu ulogu u razvoju polja [[organska hemija|organske hemije]] purem pružanja izazovnih sintetičkih meta. Termin prirodni proizvod se isto tako koristi u komercijalnim primenama za kozmetičke proizvode, dijetarne suplemente, i hranu proizvedenu iz prirodnih izvora bez dodatka veštačkih ingredijenata.<ref name="url_NPF_about_us">{{cite web | url = http://www.naturalproductsfoundation.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=about_us&category=About | title = About Us | work = | publisher = Natural Products Foundation | quote = Natural products are represented by a wide array of consumer goods that continue to grow in popularity each year. These products include natural and organic foods, dietary supplements, pet foods, health and beauty products, "green" cleaning supplies and more. Generally, natural products are considered those formulated without artificial ingredients and that are minimally processed. | accessdate=7. 12. 2013 }}</ref>
U polju [[organska hemija|organske hemije]], definicija prirodnih proizvoda je obično ograničena na prečišćena [[organsko jedinjenje|organska jedinjenja]] izolovana iz prirodnih izvora koja su formirana putem [[primarni metabolit|primarnog]] ili [[sekundarni metabolit|sekundarnog metabolizma]].<ref name = "Hanson_2003">{{cite book | author = Hanson JR | title = Natural Products: the Secondary Metabolite |year=2003| publisher = Royal Society of Chemistry | location = Cambridge | isbn = 0-85404-490-6 | quote = Natural products are organic compounds that are formed by living systems. }}</ref> U polju [[medicinska hemija|medicinske hemije]], definicija je obično dodatno ograničena na sekundarne metabolite.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=72549 | work = [[Stedman's Medical Dictionary]] | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | title = Natural Products | quote = Natural products: naturally occurring compounds that are end products of secondary metabolism; often, they are unique compounds for particular organisms or classes of organisms. | access-date = 02. 05. 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160803091030/http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=72549 | archive-date = 03. 08. 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Williams DA, Lemke TL | title = Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry|year=2002| edition = 5th | publisher = Lippincott Williams Wilkins | location = Philadelphia | isbn = 0-683-30737-1 | page = 25 | chapter = Chapter 1: Natural Products | chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=KGLF4ZudTyAC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A0683307371&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=Table%201.1&f=false | quote = Natural product: A single chemical compound that occurs naturally. This term is typically used to refer to an organic compound of limited distribution in nature (often called secondary metabolites). }}</ref> Sekundarni metaboliti nisu esencijalni za opstanak, ali uprkos toga pružaju organizmima koji iz proizvode evolucionu prednost.<ref name="pmid1612430">{{cite journal | vauthors = Maplestone RA, Stone MJ, Williams DH | title = The evolutionary role of secondary metabolites--a review | journal = Gene | volume = 115 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 151–7 | date=jun 1992 | pmid = 1612430 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90553-2 }}</ref> Mnogi sekundarni metaboliti su [[Citotoksičnost|citotoksični]] i bili su izabrani i optimizovani tokom evolucije za upotrebu kao agensi „hemijskog ratovanja” protiv plena, predatora, i konkurnetskih organizama.<ref name="pmid18762775">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hunter P | title = Harnessing Nature's wisdom. Turning to Nature for inspiration and avoiding her follies | journal = EMBO Reports | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | pages = 838–40 | date=septembar 2008 | pmid = 18762775 | pmc = 2529361 | doi = 10.1038/embor.2008.160 }}</ref>
Prirodni proizvodi su ponekad terapeutski korisni kao [[Традиционална медицина|tradicionalni lekovi]] za treatman bolesti. Poznavanje tih materijala ponekad omogućava izvođenje aktivnih komponenti kao [[Vodeće jedinjenje|vodećih jedinjenja]] u procesu [[Otkrivanje lekova|otkrivanja lekova]].<ref name="Li_2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Li JW, Vederas JC | title = Drug discovery and natural products: end of an era or an endless frontier? | journal = Science | volume = 325 | issue = 5937 | pages = 161–5 | date=jul 2009 | pmid = 19589993 | doi = 10.1126/science.1168243 | bibcode = 2009Sci...325..161L }}</ref> Mada su prirodni proizvodi inspirisali brojne lekove koje je američka [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] odobrila, [[razvoj lekova]] polazeći od prirodnih izvora ima sve manji udeo u današnjoj farmaceutskoj industriji, delom zbog nepouzdanog pristupa i snabdevanja, pitanja [[intelektualna svojina|intelektualne svojine]], sezonske i lokacijske varijabilnosti kompozicije, i nestajanja izvora usled povećanog stepena [[extinction|izumiranja]].<ref name=Li_2009/>
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