Федерална јединица — разлика између измена
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{{Short description|A territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federal union}}
[[Датотека:Map_of_unitary_and_federal_states.svg|мини|{{Легенда|#0000b0;|Унитарне државе}}{{Легенда|#00e000;|Савезне државе}}|426x426пискел]]▼
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'''Савезна''' '''држава''' је територијална и [[Устав|уставна]] заједница која представља део [[Федерација|федерације]] као што су [[Аустралија]], [[Бразил]], [[Индија]], [[Мексико]], [[Сједињене Америчке Државе|САД]] и др.<ref name="Australian" >''The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition'', pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. {{ISBN|978-0-19-551771-2}}.</ref> Such states differ from fully [[sovereign state]]s, in that they do not have full sovereign powers, as the sovereign powers have been divided between the federated states and the central or federal government. Importantly, federated states do not have standing as entities of international law. Instead, the federal union as a single entity is the [[sovereign state]] for purposes of international law.<ref>Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press.</ref> Depending on the constitutional structure of a particular federation, a federated state can hold various degrees of legislative, judicial and administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government.
In some cases, a federation is created from a union of political entities, which are either independent, or [[dependent territory|dependent territories]] of another sovereign entity (most commonly a [[colonial power]]).{{efn-ua|Examples are [[Australia]] and the [[United States]].}} In other cases, federated states have been created out of the regions of previously [[unitary state]]s.{{efn-ua|This occurred in Belgium in 1993. The Belgian regions had previously devolved powers.}} Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not [[public international law|international law]].
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In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities - states, provinces, counties, cantons, Länder, etc. - are partially [[self-government|self-governing]] and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed [[autonomy]] that varies substantially from one federation to another.{{efn-ua|For instance, Canadian provinces and Swiss cantons possess substantially more powers and enjoy more protection against interference and infringements from the central government than most non-Western federations.}} Depending on the form the [[decentralization]] of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or [[veto]]ed by the federal government. [[Law]]s governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the national or federal constitution, and, if they exist, [[Constitution#Distribution of sovereignty|state constitutions]] as well.
== Види још ==
Линија 12 ⟶ 16:
* [[Списак аутономних области по државама]]
* [[Списак суверених држава]]
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