== Faktori koji utiču na dubinu polja ==
[[Image:Depth of field illustration.svg|thumb|Effect ofEfekat aperture onna blurzamućenje andi DOF. TheTačke pointsu infokusu focus ('''2''') projectprojektuju pointstačke ontona theravni imageslike plane ('''5'''), butdok pointstačke atna differentrazličitim rastojanjima distances ('''1''' andi '''3''') projectprojektuju blurredzamućene images,slike orili [[circleCircle of confusion|circleskrugove of confusionrasejavanja]]. DecreasingSmanjivanje theveličine apertureotvora blende size ('''4''') reducessmanjuje theveličinu sizetačaka ofzamućenja theza blurtačke spotskoje fornisu pointsu notfokusnoj in the focused planeravni, sotako thatda theje blurringzamućenje is imperceptibleneprimetno, and alli pointssve aretačke withinsu theunutar DOF-a.]]
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For cameras that can only focus on one object distance at a time, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus.{{sfn|Salvaggio|Stroebel|2009| pp=110-}} "Acceptably sharp focus" is defined using a property called the ''[[circle of confusion]]''.
Za kamere koje mogu da se fokusiraju na samo jednu udaljenost objekta, dubina polja je udaljenost između najbližih i najudaljenijih objekata koji su u prihvatljivo oštrom fokusu.{{sfn|Salvaggio|Stroebel|2009| pp=110-}} „Prihvatljivo oštar fokus” definiše se pomoću svojstva koje se naziva ''[[circle of confusion|krug rasejavanja]]''.
The depth of field can be determined by [[focal length]], distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.<ref name="LondonStone2016">{{cite book|author1=Barbara London|author2=Jim Stone|author3=John Upton|title=Photography|edition= 8th|year=2005|publisher=Pearson|isbn=978-0-13-448202-6|pages=58}}</ref> The approximate depth of field can be given by: ▼
▲TheDubinska depthoštrina ofse fieldmože can be determined byodrediti [[focal length |žižnom daljinom]], distancerastojanjem tood subjectobjekta, theprihvatljivim acceptablekrugom circlerasejavanja ofi confusionotvorom size, and apertureblende.<ref name="LondonStone2016">{{cite book|author1=Barbara London|author2=Jim Stone|author3=John Upton|title=Photography|edition= 8th|year=2005|publisher=Pearson|isbn=978-0-13-448202-6|pages=58}}</ref> Približna The approximate depth ofdubinska fieldoštrina canse bemože givendefinisati bykao:
:<math>
</math>
forza adati givenkrug circle of confusionrasejavanja (c), focalžižnu lengthdaljinu (f), [[f-number|f-broj]] (N), andi distanceudaljenost todo subjectsubjekta (u).<ref name="AllenTriantaphillidou2011">{{cite book|author1=Elizabeth Allen|author2=Sophie Triantaphillidou|title=The Manual of Photography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IfWivY3mIgAC&pg=PA111|year=2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-240-52037-7|pages=111–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Depth of field |url=https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178/applets/dof.html |website=graphics.stanford.edu}}</ref>
Kako se rastojanje ili veličina prihvatljivog kruga rasejavanja povećava, dubina polja se povećava; međutim, povećanje veličine otvora ili povećanje žižne daljine smanjuje dubinu polja. Dubina polja se linearno menja sa F-brojem i krugom zabune, ali se menja proporcionalno kvadratu žižne daljine i rastojanja do objekta. Kao rezultat, fotografije snimljene iz krajnje blizine imaju srazmerno mnogo manju dubinu polja.<ref>{{wikicite | ref="CITEREFRay2000" | reference=Ray, Sidney F. 2000. The geometry of image formation. In ''The Manual of Photography: Photographic and Digital Imaging'', 9th ed. Ed. Ralph E. Jacobson, Sidney F. Ray, Geoffrey G. Atteridge, and Norman R. Axford. Oxford: Focal Press.}} {{ISBN|0-240-51574-9}}</ref><ref>{{wikicite | ref="CITEREFRay2002" | reference=Ray, Sidney F. 2002. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cuzYl4hx-B8C&pg=PP1&dq=%22Applied+Photographic+Optics ''Applied Photographic Optics'', 3rd ed.] Oxford: Focal Press.}} {{ISBN|0-240-51540-4}}</ref>
As distance or the size of the acceptable circle of confusion increases, the depth of field increases; however, increasing the size of the aperture or increasing the focal length reduces the depth of field. Depth of Field changes linearly with F-number and circle of confusion, but changes in proportional to the square of the focal length and the distance to the subject. As a result, photos taken at extremely close range have a proportionally much smaller depth of field.
SensorVeličina sizesenzora affectsutiče na DOF inna counterintuitivekontraintuitivne waysnačine. BecauseBudući theda circleje ofkrug confusionrasejavanja isdirektno directlyvezan tiedza toveličinu the sensor sizesenzora, decreasingsmanjenje theveličine sizesenzora ofuz thezadržavanje sensoržižne whiledaljine holdingi focalotvora length and aperture constant willblende ''decreasesmanjiće'' thedubinu depth of field (by the crop factor)polja. TheDobijena resultingslika imageće, however will have ameđutim, differentimati fielddrugačije ofvidno viewpolje. IfAko these focalžižna lengthdaljina ispromeni alteredda tobi maintainse thezadržalo fieldvidno of viewpolje, the change in focalpromena lengthžižne willdaljine counterće these decreasesuprotstaviti ofsmanjenju DOF-a fromsa themanjeg smallersenzora sensori andpovećati ''increase''dubinu the depth of field (also by the crop factor)polja. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Depth of Field and Bokeh (Zeiss Whitepaper)|url=https://lenspire.zeiss.com/photo/app/uploads/2018/04/Article-Bokeh-2010-EN.pdf|last=Nasse|first=H.H.|date=March 2010|website=lenspire.zeiss.com|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Digital Camera Sensor Sizes: How it Influences Your Photography |url=https://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/digital-camera-sensor-size.htm |website=www.cambridgeincolour.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sensor Size, Perspective and Depth of Field |url=https://photographylife.com/sensor-size-perspective-and-depth-of-field |website=Photography Life}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Vinson |first1=Jason |title=The Smaller the Sensor Size, the Shallower Your Depth of Field |url=https://fstoppers.com/education/smaller-sensor-size-shallower-your-depth-field-110547 |website=Fstoppers |language=en |date=22 January 2016}}</ref>
=== Efekat aperture sočiva ===
ForZa adato givenkadriranje subjectobjekta framingi andpoložaj camera positionkamere, the DOF is controlledse bykontroliše thepomoću lensprečnika apertureotvora diametersočiva, whichkoji isse usuallyobično specifiednavodi as thekao [[f-number|f-broj]] (theodnos ratiožižne ofdaljine lenssočiva focali lengthprečnika to aperture diameterotvora). Reducing theSmanjivanjem apertureprečnika diameterotvora (increasing thepovećanjem <var>f</var>-numberbroja) increasespovećava these DOF becausejer onlykroz theotvor lightprolazi travellingsamo atsvetlost shallowerkoja anglesputuje passespod throughmanjim the apertureuglovima. BecauseBudući theda anglessu areuglovi shallowplitki, thesvetlosni lightzraci rayssu areu withinprihvatljivom the acceptable [[circle of confusion]]krugu forrasejavanja aza greaterveće distancerastojanje.<ref>[http://physicssoup.wordpress.com/2012/05/18/why-does-a-small-aperture-increase-depth-of-field/ Why Does a Small Aperture Increase Depth of Field?]</ref>
Filmovi koriste ovu kontrolu samo ograničeno; da bi postigli konzistentan kvalitet slike od snimka do snimka, snimatelji obično biraju jedno podešavanje otvora za unutrašnjost, a drugo za spoljašnjost i prilagođavaju ekspoziciju upotrebom filtera kamere ili nivoa osvetljenja. Podešavanja otvora blende češće se podešavaju na fotografijama, gde se varijacije dubinske oštrine koriste za stvaranje različitih specijalnih efekata.{{Multiple image
Motion pictures make only limited use of this control; to produce a consistent image quality from shot to shot, cinematographers usually choose a single aperture setting for interiors and another for exteriors, and adjust exposure through the use of camera filters or light levels. Aperture settings are adjusted more frequently in still photography, where variations in depth of field are used to produce a variety of special effects.{{Multiple image
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| footer = DepthDubina ofpolja fieldza forrazličite differentvrednosti valuesotvora ofblende aperturepomoću usingobjektiva od 50 mm objectivei lensDSLR andfotoaparata full-framepunog DSLR camerakadra. Focus pointTačka isfokusa onje thena firstprvoj blockskoloni columnblokova.<ref name="photoskop">{{cite web |url=http://www.photoskop.com/player.html?l=all&ch=3&sec=0 |title=photoskop: Interactive Photography Lessons |date=April 25, 2015}}</ref>
| image1 = Dof blocks f1_4.jpg
| caption1 = ApertureApertura = f/1.4. DOF=0.8 cm
| image2 = Dof blocks f4_0.jpg
| caption2 = ApertureApertura = f/4.0. DOF=2.2 cm
| image3 = Dof blocks f22.jpg
| caption3 = ApertureApertura = f/22. DOF=12.4 cm
}}
=== Efekat kruga zabune ===
Precise focus is only possible at an exact distance from the lens;{{efn|strictly, at an exact distance from a plane}} at that distance, a point object will produce a point image. Otherwise, a point object will produce a blur spot shaped like the [[aperture]], typically and approximately a circle. When this circular spot is sufficiently small, it is visually indistinguishable from a point, and appears to be in focus. The diameter of the largest circle that is indistinguishable from a point is known as the [[acceptable circle of confusion]], or informally, simply as the circle of confusion. Points that produce a blur spot smaller than this acceptable circle of confusion are considered acceptably sharp.
Precizno fokusiranje je moguće samo na tačnoj udaljenosti od sočiva;{{efn|strogo, na tačnoj udaljenosti od aviona}} na toj udaljenosti tačkasti objekat će stvoriti tačkastu sliku. U suprotnom, tačkasti objekt će stvoriti mrlju u obliku [[aperture|dijafragme]] objektiva, tipično i približno kružnu. Kada je ovo kružno mesto dovoljno malo, vizuelno se ne razlikuje od tačke i čini se da je u fokusu. Prečnik najvećeg kruga koji se ne može razlikovati od tačke poznat je kao [[acceptable circle of confusion|prihvatljivi krug rasejavanja]], ili neformalno, jednostavno kao krug rasejavanja. Tačke koje proizvode tačku zamućenja manju od ovog prihvatljivog kruga rasejavanja smatraju se prihvatljivo oštrim.
The acceptable circle of confusion depends on how the final image will be used. It is generally accepted to be 0.25 mm for an image viewed from 25 cm away.{{sfn|Savazzi|2011|p=109}}
Prihvatljivi krug rasejavanja zavisi od toga kako će se koristiti konačna slika. Opšte je prihvaćeno da je to 0,25 mm za sliku gledanu sa udaljenosti od 25 cm.{{sfn|Savazzi|2011|p=109}}
ForZa filmove od [[35mm35 mm movie film|35 mm]] motion pictures, thepovršina imageslike areana onfilmu theje film is roughlypribližno 22 mm bysa 16 mm. TheGranica limittolerantne ofgreške tolerabletradicionalno errorje wasbila traditionallypostavljena set atna 0.,05 mm (0.,002 in) diameterprečnika, whiledok forje za film od [[16 mm film|16 mm film]], wheregde theje sizeveličina ispribližno aboutupola half as largemanja, thetolerancija tolerance is stricterstroža, 0.,025 mm (0.,001 in).<ref>{{cite book|title=Film and Its Techniques|date=1966|publisher=University of California Press|page=56|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ocfs3ZsLresC&pg=PA56&dq=35+mm+motion+picture+film+circle+of+confusion&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLqLnVt4_LAhVQwmMKHSmRBXoQ6AEITTAJ#v=onepage&q=35%20mm%20motion%20picture%20film%20circle%20of%20confusion&f=false|accessdate=24 February 2016}}</ref> MoreSavremenija modernpraksa practiceza forproizvodnju od 35 mm productionspostavlja setkrug therasejavanja circle of confusion limit atna 0.,025 mm (0.,001 in).<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Ohanian and Natalie Phillips|title=Digital Filmmaking: The Changing Art and Craft of Making Motion Pictures|date=2013|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781136053542|page=96|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usMqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96&dq=35+mm+motion+picture+film+circle+of+confusion&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi93Nqquo_LAhVY6mMKHcQIAlQQ6AEILTAD#v=onepage&q=35%20mm%20motion%20picture%20film%20circle%20of%20confusion&f=false|accessdate=24 February 2016}}</ref>
== Napomene ==
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