Тексашка револуција — разлика између измена
Садржај обрисан Садржај додат
Нема описа измене ознака: уређивање извора (2017) |
Нема описа измене ознака: уређивање извора (2017) |
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{{Инфокутија Војни сукоб
| сукоб = Тексашка револуција
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Сљедећи мјесец, новостворена тексашка војска под командом [[Сем Хјустон|Сема Хјустона]] повукла се на границу са Луизијаном. Хјустон је 31. марта зауставио своје људе на обали ријеке [[Бразос (река)|Бразос]] и сљедеће двије седмице Тексашани су били подвргнути жестокој војној обуци. Задовољан успјехом и несвјестан снаге непријатеља, Санта Ана је подијелио своје трупе. Хјустонова војска је 21. априла је спровела изненадни напад на Санта и његове снаге у битка код [[Сан Хасинта|битци код Сан Хасинта]]. Мексичке снаге су брзо усмјерене, а осветољубиви Тексашани су погубили већину оних који су се покушали предати. Санта Ана је узет као талац; у замјену за свој живот, наредио је повлачење војске јужно од ријеке [[Рио Гранде]]. Мексико је одбио да призна Републику Тексас, а сукоб између двије државе се наставио све до [[1840е|четрдесетих година]] [[19. век|19. вијека]]. [[Анексија Тексаса]] као двадесетосме државе Сједињеним Државама, [[1845]]. године, довела је до [[мексичко-амерички рат|мексичко-америчког рата]].
==Background==
Након неуспјелог покушаја Француске да [[French colonization of Texas|колонизује Тексас]] у касном 17. вијеку, Шпанија је развила план да насели регион.<ref>Weber (1992), pp. 149–154.</ref> On its southern edge, along the [[Medina River|Medina]] and [[Nueces River]]s, [[Spanish Texas]] was bordered by the province of [[Coahuila]].<ref name=edmondson6>Edmondson (2000), p. 6.</ref> On the east, Texas bordered [[Louisiana (New France)|Louisiana]].<ref name=edmonson10>Edmondson (2000), p. 10.</ref> Following the [[Louisiana Purchase]] of 1803, the United States also claimed the land west of the [[Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)|Sabine River]], all the way to the Rio Grande.<ref name=weber291>Weber (1992), p. 291.</ref> From 1812 to 1813 anti-Spanish republicans and U.S. [[filibuster (military)|filibusters]] rebelled against the [[Spanish Empire]] in what is known today as the [[Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition]] during the [[Mexican War of Independence]]. They won battles in the beginning and captured many Texas cities from the Spanish that led to a declaration of independence of the state of Texas as part of the Mexican Republic on April 17, 1813. The new Texas government and army met their doom in the [[Battle of Medina]] in August 1813, 20 miles south of [[San Antonio]], where 1,300 of the 1,400 rebel army were killed in battle or executed shortly afterwards by royalist soldiers. It was the deadliest single battle in Texas history. 300 republican government officials in San Antonio were captured and executed by the Spanish royalists shortly after the battle. [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]], future [[President of Mexico]], fought in this battle as a royalist and followed his superiors' orders to take no prisoners. Another interesting note is two founding fathers of the [[Republic of Texas]] and future signers of the [[Texas Declaration of Independence]] in 1836, [[José Antonio Navarro]] and [[José Francisco Ruiz]], took part in the Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition.<ref>https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qfm01 . Retrieved 2 September 2017.</ref> Although the United States officially renounced that claim as part of the [[Transcontinental Treaty]] with Spain in 1819,<ref group=Note>Spain did not ratify the treaty until February 1821, in the hopes that the delay would stop the Americans from recognizing Mexico as an independent country. Weber (1992), p. 300.</ref> many Americans continued to believe that Texas should belong to their nation,<ref name=weber299and300>Weber (1992), pp. 299–300.</ref> and over the next decade the United States made several offers to purchase the region.<ref name=lack5/>
Following the [[Mexican War of Independence]], Texas became part of [[Mexico]]. Under the [[1824 Constitution of Mexico|Constitution of 1824]], which defined the country as a [[federal republic]], the provinces of Texas and Coahuila were combined to become the state [[Coahuila y Tejas]].<ref group=Note>For the purposes of this article, "Texas" refers to the area north of the Medina and Nueces Rivers and west of the Sabine River. "Coahuila y Tejas" comprises both Texas and the province of Coahuila. The "Republic of Texas" includes Texas and the land between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande.</ref><ref name=manchaca161and62>Manchaca (2001), pp. 161–2.</ref><ref name=vazquez51>Vazquez (1997), p. 51.</ref> Texas was granted only a single seat in the state legislature, which met in [[Saltillo]], hundreds of miles away.<ref name=davis63>Davis (2006), p. 63.</ref><ref name=edmndson72>Edmondson (2000), p. 72.</ref> After months of grumbling by ''[[Tejano]]s'' (Mexican-born residents of Texas) outraged at the loss of their political autonomy, state officials agreed to make Texas a [[Department (country subdivision)|department]] of the new state, with a ''de facto'' capital in [[San Antonio|San Antonio de Béxar]].<ref name=davis63/>
== Види још ==
Линија 52 ⟶ 57:
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== Референце ==
{{reflist}}
== Литература ==
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* {{cite book|last1=Baptist|first1=Edward|title=The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism|date=2014|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-04966-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Barr|first=Alwyn|author-link=alwyn Barr|title=Texians in Revolt: the Battle for San Antonio, 1835|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|year=1990|isbn=0-292-77042-1|oclc=20354408}}
* {{cite book|last1=Calore|first1=Paul|title=The Texas Revolution and the U.S.–Mexican War A Concise History|date=2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-7940-5|location=Jefferson, NC}}
* {{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Randolph B. |title=An Empire for Slavery: The Peculiar Institution in Texas, 1821–1865 |date=1991 |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |isbn=9780807117231 |page=256 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AoLYCwAAQBAJ |access-date=23 June 2021}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Carrigan |first1=William Dean |title=Slavery on the frontier: The peculiar institution in Central Texas |journal=Slavery and Abolition |date=1999 |volume=20 |issue=2 |page=66 |doi=10.1080/01440399908575278 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01440399908575278 |access-date=11 June 2021}}
* {{cite book|last=Davis|first=William C.|author-link=William C. Davis (historian)|title=Lone Star Rising|date=2006|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|location=College Station, TX|isbn=978-1-58544-532-5}} originally published 2004 by New York: Free Press
* {{Cite book|last=del la Teja|first=Jesus|title=Tejano Leadership in Mexican and Revolutionary Texas |publisher=[[Texas A & M University]]|url=|location=College Station, TX|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60344-152-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Edmondson|first=J.R.|title=The Alamo Story: From Early History to Current Conflicts|publisher=Republic of Texas Press|location=Plano, TX|isbn=1-55622-678-0|year=2000}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fowler|first=Will|year=2007|title=Santa Anna of Mexico|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln, NE|isbn=978-0-8032-5646-0|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/11806|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{cite journal|last=Graham|first=Don|title=Remembering the Alamo: The Story of the Texas Revolution in Popular Culture|journal=The Southwestern Historical Quarterly|volume=89|date=July 1985|pages=35–67|url=http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117151/m1/61/|access-date=January 21, 2015}}
* {{cite book|last1=Haley|first1=James L.|title=Sam Houston|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780806136448|url-access=registration|date=2002|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3644-8|location=Norman, Oklahoma}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hardin|first=Stephen L.|author-link=Stephen L. Hardin|year=1994|title=Texian Iliad – A Military History of the Texas Revolution|location=Austin, TX|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=0-292-73086-1|oclc=29704011}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hardin|first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen L. Hardin|year=2004|title=The Alamo 1836 : Santa Anna's Texas campaign|location=Westport, CT|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-0-275-98460-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Haynes|first=Sam W. |year=2015|title=Contested Empire: Rethinking the Texas Revolution|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|location=College Station, TX|isbn=978-1-62349-309-7|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/40835|via=Project MUSE}}
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* {{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Jack|last2=Wheat|first2=John|title=Almonte's Texas: Juan N. Almonte's 1834 Inspection, Secret Report & Role in the 1836 Campaign|date=2005|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|isbn=978-0-87611-207-6|location=Denton, TX|url=https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth296837/m1/1/}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Kelley |first1=Sean |title="Mexico in His Head": Slavery and the Texas-Mexico Border, 1810-1860 |journal=Journal of Social History |date=2004 |volume=37 |issue=3 |page=716 |doi=10.1353/jsh.2004.0010 |jstor=3790160 |s2cid=145556983 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3790160 |access-date=23 June 2021}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lack |first1=Paul D. |title=Slavery and the Texas Revolution |journal=Southwestern Historical Quarterly |date=1985 |volume=89 |issue=2 |page=190 |jstor=30239908 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30239908 |access-date=23 June 2021}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lack|first=Paul D.|title=The Texas Revolutionary Experience: A Political and Social History 1835–1836|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|location=College Station, TX|year=1992|isbn=0-89096-497-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Manchaca|first=Martha|title=Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans|series=The Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long Series in Latin American and Latino Art and Culture|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|year=2001|isbn=0-292-75253-9}}
* {{cite journal|last=Miller|first=Thomas|title=Texas Land Grants to Veterans of the Revolution and Signers of the Declaration of Independence|journal=The Southwestern Historical Quarterly|volume=64|date=January 1961|url=http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth101190/m1/377/|access-date=January 21, 2015|pages=342–7}}
* {{cite book|last=Moore|first=Stephen L.|title=Eighteen Minutes: The Battle of San Jacinto and the Texas Independence Campaign|publisher=Republic of Texas Press|location=Plano, TX|year=2004|isbn=1-58907-009-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/eighteenminutesb0000moor}}
* {{cite book|last=Reid|first=Stuart|title=The Secret War for Texas|series=Elma Dill Russell Spencer Series in the West and Southwest|number=28|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|location=College Station, TX|year=2007|isbn=978-1-58544-565-3|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/11009|via=Project MUSE}}
* {{Cite book|last=Roell|first=Craig|year=2014|title=Remember Goliad! A History of La Bahía|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|location=Austin, TX|isbn=978-0-87611-141-3|url=https://archive.org/details/remembergoliadhi0000roel|via=Project MUSE|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Scott|first=Robert|title=After the Alamo|year=2000|location=Plano, TX|publisher=Republic of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-585-22788-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Stuart|first=Jay|title=Slaughter at Goliad: The Mexican Massacre of 400 Texas Volunteers|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59114-843-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Stuntz|first=Jean A.|chapter=Tejanas: Hispanic Women on the Losing Side of the Texas Revolution|title=Women and the Texas Revolution|editor-last=Scheer|editor-first=Mary L.|publisher=University of North Texas Press|location=Denton, TX|year=2012|isbn=978-1-57441-469-1}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Todish|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Todish|first2=Terry|last3=Spring|first3=Ted|title=Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution|publisher=Eakin Press|year=1998|location=Austin, TX|isbn=978-1-57168-152-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Torget |first1=Andrew J. |title=Seeds of Empire: Cotton, Slavery, and the Transformation of the Texas Borderlands, 1800-1850 |date=2015 |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-1469624242 |page=140 |url=https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Seeds_of_Empire/pVu0CAAAQBAJhl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Seeds+of+Empire:+Cotton,+Slavery,+and+the+Transformation+of+the+Texas+Borderlands,+1800-1850&printsec=frontcover |access-date=23 June 2021}}
* {{cite journal|last=Vazquez|first=Josefina Zoraida|author-link=Josefina Zoraida Vázquez|title=The Texas Question in Mexican Politics, 1836–1845|journal=The Southwestern Historical Quarterly|volume=89|date=July 1985|url=http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth117151/m1/365/|access-date=January 21, 2015|others=translated by Jésus F. de la Teja}}
* {{Cite book|title=Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations|editor-last=Rodriguez O.|editor-first=Jaime E.|editor2-last=Vincent|editor2-first=Kathryn|location=Wilmington, DE|year=1997|publisher=Scholarly Resources Inc.|isbn=0-8420-2662-2|contribution=The Colonization and Loss of Texas: A Mexican Perspective|last=Vazquez|first=Josefina Zoraida}}
* {{Cite book|last=Weber|first=David J.|author-link=David J. Weber|title=The Spanish Frontier in North America|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, CT|series=Yale Western Americana Series|year=1992|isbn=0-300-05198-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Winders|first=Richard Bruce|title=Sacrificed at the Alamo: Tragedy and Triumph in the Texas Revolution|publisher=State House Press|location=Austin, TX|year=2004|isbn=1-880510-81-2}}
[[Категорија:Тексаска револуција|*]]
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