Federalni istražni biro — разлика између измена
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{{short description|Vladina agencija koja pripada Ministarstvu pravde Sjedinjenih Država}}{{rut}}
{{Infobox government agency-lat
|agency_name = Federalni istražni biro
Линија 16 ⟶ 17:
|jurisdiction = [[Федерална влада Сједињених Америчких Држава|Vlada SAD]]
|headquarters = [[Зграда Џона Едгара Хувера|Zgrada Dž. Edgara Huvera]]<br />[[Сјеверозапад, Вашингтон|Sjeverozapad]], [[Vašington]], SAD
|employees = 35.104<ref name=FBI>{{cite web-lat|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/quick-facts/quickfacts |title=Quick Facts |accessdate=27. 4. 2017 |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206075824/http://www.fbi.gov:80/about-us/quick-facts/quickfacts |archivedate=6. 12. 2014 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about/faqs/how-many-people-work-for-the-fbi|title=About: How many people work for the FBI?|publisher=fbi.gov}}</ref> (31. 10. 2014)
|budget = 8,3 milijardi [[Амерички долар|USD]] (FY 2014)<ref name=FBI/>
|minister2_name =
Линија 27 ⟶ 28:
|website = {{URL|fbi.gov}}
}}
'''Federalni istražni biro''' ({{Jez-engl|Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI|el}}) federalna je {{nowrap|kriminalističko-istražna}} i [[Obaveštajne službe|obaveštajna agencija]] [[SAD|Sjedinjenih Američkih Država]].<ref name="intel">{{cite web |url=http://www.intelligence.gov/mission/member-agencies.html |title=Our Strength Lies in Who We Are |publisher=intelligence.gov |access-date=August 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810180812/http://www.intelligence.gov/mission/member-agencies.html |archive-date=August 10, 2014}}</ref> Trenutno, FBI ima istražnu nadležnost nad kršenjem više od 200 kategorija saveznih zakona i jedina, osim [[Šerifska služba Sjedinjenih Američkih Država|Šerifske službe Sjedinjenih Američkih Država]], ima nadležnost za krivično gonjenje prekršilaca [[zakon]]a na celoj teritoriji zemlje (ona je de fakto vodeća agencija za sprovođenje zakona saveznih vlasti Sjedinjenih Američkih Država).<ref>{{cite
[[Slogan]] Biroa je „Vernost, hrabrost, poštenje”. Počevši sa radom [[1908]]. godine pod nazivom '''''Biro za istrage''''' ({{Jez-engl|Bureau of Investigation, BOI|el}}), promenio je ime u ''Federalni istražni biro'' tek [[1935]]. godine. [[Džon Edgar Huver]] ({{Jez-engl|John Edgar Hoover|el}}), tada direktor {{nowrap|BOI-ja}}, postao je prvi direktor Federalnog istražnog biroa. Bio je na ovoj poziciji duže od svih direktora {{nowrap|FBI-ja}} do današnjeg dana. On je takođe zaslužan za mnoga poboljšanja i izmene rada biroa, čime je od {{nowrap|FBI-ja}} stvorio vodeću kriminalističku agenciju u svetu. Edgar Huver je izgradio [[FBI Akademija|FBI Akademiju]] i {{nowrap|Kriminalističko-pravni}} {{nowrap|servisno-informacioni}} kompleks, koji služi kao glavna podrška svim kancelarijama {{nowrap|FBI-ja}}, a koje su razmeštene po celoj zemlji.
Although many of the FBI's functions are unique, its activities in support of [[national security]] are comparable to those of the British [[MI5]] and the Russian [[Federal Security Service|FSB]]. Unlike the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA), which has no law enforcement authority and is focused on intelligence collection abroad, the FBI is primarily a domestic agency, maintaining 56 [[List of FBI field offices|field offices]] in major cities throughout the United States, and more than 400 resident agencies in smaller cities and areas across the nation. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the [[Director of National Intelligence]].<ref>[https://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/fbi-budget-request-for-fiscal-year-2015 Statement Before the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623212212/https://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/fbi-budget-request-for-fiscal-year-2015 |date=June 23, 2016}}, Federal Bureau of Investigation, March 26, 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-gets-a-broader-role-in-coordinating-domestic-intelligence-activities/2012/06/19/gJQAtmupoV_story.html FBI gets a broader role in coordinating domestic intelligence activities] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716094314/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-gets-a-broader-role-in-coordinating-domestic-intelligence-activities/2012/06/19/gJQAtmupoV_story.html |date=July 16, 2017}}, ''[[Washington Post]]'', June 19, 2012</ref>
Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint, operating 60 Legal Attache (LEGAT) offices and 15 sub-offices in [[List of diplomatic missions of the United States|U.S. embassies and consulates]] across the globe. These foreign offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries.<ref>[https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/international_operations/overview Overview of the Legal Attaché Program] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313042943/https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/international_operations/overview |date=March 13, 2016}}, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Retrieved: March 25, 2015</ref> The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas,<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6973534/ns/us_news-security/t/spies-clash-fbi-joins-cia-overseas/ Spies Clash as FBI Joins CIA Overseas: Sources Talk of Communication Problem in Terrorism Role] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418233508/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6973534/ns/us_news-security/t/spies-clash-fbi-joins-cia-overseas/ |date=April 18, 2015}}, [[Associated Press]] via [[NBC News]], February 15, 2005</ref> just as the CIA has a [[National Resources Division|limited domestic function]]; these activities generally require coordination across government agencies.
The FBI was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation, the BOI or BI for short. Its name was changed to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1935.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2006/march/fbiname_022406|title=A Byte Out of History – How the FBI Got Its Name|website=FBI}}</ref> The FBI headquarters is the [[J. Edgar Hoover Building]], located in [[Washington, D.C.]]
== Мисија, приоритети и буџет ==
[[File:Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide.pdf|thumb|FBI Domestic Investigations and Operations Guide (.pdf file)]]
=== Mission ===
The mission of the FBI is:<blockquote>Protect the American people and uphold the [[Constitution of the United States]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Mission & Priorities|url=https://www.fbi.gov/about/mission|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Federal Bureau of Investigation|language=en-us}}</ref></blockquote>
=== Priorities ===
Currently, the FBI's top priorities are:<ref name=":2" />
* Protect the United States from [[Terrorist attacks in the United States|terrorist attacks]]
* Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations, espionage, and cyber operations
*Combat significant cyber criminal activity
* Combat public [[Political corruption|corruption]] at all levels
* Protect [[Civil rights in the United States|civil rights]]
* Combat transnational criminal enterprises
* Combat major [[white-collar crime]]
* Combat significant [[Violent crime in the United States|violent crime]]
=== Budget ===
In the fiscal year 2019, the Bureau's total budget was approximately $9.6 billion.<ref name="mission">{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/about/mission|title=Mission & Priorities |website=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711160508/https://www.fbi.gov/about/mission |archive-date=July 11, 2019 }}</ref>
In the Authorization and Budget Request to Congress for fiscal year 2021,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/doj/page/file/1246311/download|title=FY 2021 Authorization and Budget Request to Congress |publisher=justice.gov}}</ref> the FBI asked for $9,800,724,000. Of that money, $9,748,829,000 would be used for Salaries and Expenses and $51,895,000 for Construction.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=FY 2021 Authorization And Budget Request to Congress|url=https://www.justice.gov/doj/page/file/1246311/download|access-date=9 Jan 2021|website=United States Justice Department|publication-date=February 2020}}</ref> The S&E program saw an increase of $199,673,000.
== Vidi još ==
Линија 42 ⟶ 69:
== Literatura ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* -{HSI BOOK Government HSI Files}-
* {{cite book-lat
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* Graves, Melissa. "FBI Historiography: From Leader to Organisation" in Christopher R. Moran, Christopher J. Murphy, eds. '' Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945'' (Edinburgh UP, 2013) pp. 129–145. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt3fgsh7.14 online]
* [[Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones|Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri]]. ''The FBI: A History'' (Yale University Press, 2007).
* [[Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones|Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri]]. "The Historiography of the FBI," in Loch Johnson, ed., ''A Handbook of Intelligence'' (Routledge, 2006). pp. 39–51.
* [[Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones|Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri]]. "Forcing Out Unwanted FBI Directors: A Brief, Messy History", ''Vox,'' (23 May 2017). [https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/5/23/15680508/firing-fbi-directors-comey-trump-hoover-sessions online]
* [[Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones|Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri]]. "A brief history of the FBI’s meddling in US politics" ''Vox,'' (5 November 2016) [http://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2016/11/5/13533838/history-fbi-meddling-politics-comey online]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131228203624/http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/december/the-year-in-review-part-1 FBI—The Year in Review, Part 1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306135959/https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/december/the-year-in-review-part-2 Part 2] (2013)
* [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/vol6/contents.htm Church Committee Report], Vol. 6, "Federal Bureau of Investigation." 1975 congressional inquiry into American intelligence operations.
{{refend}}
== Spoljašnje veze ==
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* [http://vault.fbi.gov/ -{vault.fbi.gov}-]
* [https://archive.org/details/nsia-fbi-files Kolekcija dokumenata FBI]
* {{Gutenberg author | id=United+States.+Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation | name=Federal Bureau of Investigation}}
* {{Librivox author |id=1787}}
* William H. Thomas, Jr.: [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/bureau_of_investigation/ Bureau of Investigation], in: [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/home.html/ 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War].
* [https://www.c-span.org/organization/?4551/Federal-Bureau-Investigation FBI coverage at C-SPAN]
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