Osvajanje Afrike — разлика између измена

{{short description|InvasionInvazija, occupationokupacija, colonizationkolonizacija andi annexationaneksija ofAfrike Africaod bystrane Europeanevropskih powers}}{{rutsila}}

'''Osvajanje [[Afrika|Afrike]]''' ({{jez-eng|Scramble for Africa|el}}) (Trka za Afriku) je proces kolonijalne ekspanzije<ref>{{Cite web|title=White Men on the Dark Continent; Lamar Middleton's "The Rape of Africa" Is a Study of the Past Sixty Years of European Expansion There THE RAPE OF AFRICA. By Lamar Middleton. 331 pp. New York: Harrison Smith and Robert Haas.|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1936/03/29/85270847.html?zoom=15.17|access-date=2020-12-09|website=timesmachine.nytimes.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hodges |first1=Norman E. |title=Neo-Colonialism: The New Rape of Africa |journal=Journal of Black Studies and Research |date=1972 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=12–23 |doi=10.1080/00064246.1972.11431211 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00064246.1972.11431211?journalCode=rtbs20 |access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> kojim su u drugoj polovini [[19. vek]]a [[Western Europe|zapadnoevropske]] sile ustanovile svoju vlast nad gotovo celokupnim [[Африка|afričkim kontinentom]]. Osvajanje Afrike rezultovalo je okupacijama i aneksijama afričkih teritorija od strane evropskih sila tokom perioda [[Novi Imperijalizam|Novog Imperijalizma]] i to između [[1880]]. i [[1914]]. godine. [[Berlinska konferencija]] 1884. godine,.<ref name=Katzenellenbogen>{{Cite book|last=Katzenellenbogen|first=S.|date=1996|chapter=It didn't happen at Berlin: Politics, economics and ignorance in the setting of Africa's colonial boundaries.|editor1=Nugent, P. |editor2=Asiwaju, A. I. |title=African Boundaries: Barriers, Conduits and Opportunities |pages=21–34 |location=London |publisher=Pinter}}</ref><ref name=Craven>{{Cite journal|last=Craven|first=M.|date=2015|title=Between law and history: the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 and the logic of free trade|journal=[[London Review of International Law]]|volume=3|pages=31–59|doi=10.1093/lril/lrv002|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Crowe |first1=S.E. |title=The Berlin West African Conference, 1884–1885 |date=1942 |publisher=Longmans Green |location=London}}</ref> koja je regulisala evropsku kolonizaciju i trgovinu u Africi, obično se naziva polazištem borbe za Afriku.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brantlinger |first=Patrick |year=1985 |title=Victorians and Africans: The Genealogy of the Myth of the Dark Continent |journal=Critical Inquiry |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=166–203 |jstor=1343467 |doi=10.1086/448326|s2cid=161311164 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Nature of African Boundaries |first=Adekunle |last=Ajala |journal=Africa Spectrum |volume=18 |issue=2 |year=1983 |pages=177–189 |publisher=Institute of African Affairs at GIGA, Hamburg |jstor=40174114 |quote=[[Kwame Nkrumah]] once made the point that the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was responsible for "the old carve-up of Africa". Other writers have also laid the blame for "the partition of Africa" on the doors of the Berlin Conference. But [[Wm. Roger Louis]] holds a contrary view, although he conceded that "the Berlin Act did have a relevance to the course of the partition" of Africa.}}</ref> U poslednjoj četvrtini 19. veka među evropskim carstvima postojalo je značajno političko rivalstvo. Podela Afrike izvršena je bez ratova među evropskim narodima.<ref>R. Robinson, J. Gallagher and A. Denny, ''Africa and the Victorians'', London, 1965, p. 175.</ref> Rezultat zategnutih odnosa između evropskih sila na kraju [[19. vek]]a i podela Afrike mogu da se sagledavaju kao pokušaj eliminisanja pretnje većih sukoba na tlu Evrope.<ref>R, Robinson, J.Gallagher and A. Denny, Africa and the Victorians, London, 1965, Page. 175.</ref> U zadnjim decenijama [[19. vek]]a došlo je do tranzicije od „neformalnog imperijalizma“ kontrole vojnom moći i ekonomskom dominacijom do direktne vladavine, čime se ušlo u eru kolonijalnog [[imperialism|imperijalizma]].<ref name="Shillington">Kevin Shillington, History of Africa: Revised Second Edition, (New York: Macmillian Publishers Limited, 2005), 301</ref>