Авари — разлика између измена

Садржај обрисан Садржај додат
м Враћене измене корисника 62.4.55.65 (разговор) на последњу измену корисника Soundwaweserb
ознака: враћање
.
Ред 1:
{{short description|Савез неколико група евроазијских номада од средине 6. до 9. века}}
{{bez_inlajn_referenci}}
{{Разликовати|Авари (Кавказ)}}
{{Other uses|Авари (вишезначна одредница)}}
[[Датотека:Khazar 1.gif|мини|250п|Аварски ратник]]
'''Авари''' ('''''панонски''''' или '''''карпатски Авари''''', '''Обри'''),<ref name=eou>[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CA%5CV%5CAvars.htm Avars] at the [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]</ref><ref>According to Grousset, Empire of the Steppes, page 171, [[Theophylact Simocatta]] called them pseudo-Avars because he thought the true Avars were the [[Rouran Khaganate|Rouran]].</ref><ref>[http://bitig.org/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=15&m=1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624010508/http://bitig.org/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=15&m=1 |date=2018-06-24 }} Apar - Avars were called "Apar".</ref> [[Туркијски народи|туркијски су народ]], који је владао [[Панонска низија|Панонском низијом]] између 6. и 9. века.<ref name="EB_Avar">{{cite web |url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45428/Avar |title=Avar |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]] |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica (company)|Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=May 14, 2015 |quote=Avar, one of a people of undetermined origin and language...}}</ref><ref name=EOBE>{{cite book |last=Frassetto |first=Michael |title=Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yW-GfElbafQC |access-date=28 May 2015 |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1576072639 |pages=54–55 |quote="The exact origins of the Avars remain uncertain..."}}</ref><ref name=WM>{{cite book |last1=Waldman |first1=Carl |last2=Mason |first2=Catherine |title=Encyclopedia of European Peoples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfv6HKXErqAC |access-date=5 May 2013 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4381-2918-1 |pages=46–49 }}</ref><ref name="Beckwith390">{{harvnb|Beckwith|2009|pp=390–391}}: "... the Avars certainly contained peoples belonging to several different ethnolinguistic groups, so that attempts to identify them with one or another specific eastern people are misguided."</ref><ref name="Kyzlasov">{{harvnb|Kyzlasov|1996|p=322}}: "The Juan-Juan state was undoubtedly multi-ethnic, but there is no definite evidence as to their language... Some scholars link the Central Asian Juan-Juan with the Avars who came to Europe in the mid-sixth century. According to widespread but unproven and probably unjustified opinion, the Avars spoke a language of the Mongolic group."</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Pritsak|1983|p=359}}</ref>
'''Авари''' ('''''панонски''''' или '''''карпатски Авари''''', '''Обри'''), [[Туркијски народи|туркијски су народ]], који је владао [[Панонска низија|Панонском низијом]] између 6. и 9. века.
 
== Историја ==
Ред 14:
* [[Аварски каганат]]
* [[Франачко-аварски ратови]]
 
== Референце ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Литература ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|last=Bowlus|first=Charles R.|title=Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907|year=1995|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5x0BAAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|last=Liebeschuetz|first=J.H.W.F.|title=East and West in Late Antiquity: Invasion, Settlement, Ethnogenesis and Conflicts of Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QV2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA441|year=2015|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-28952-9|pages=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Barford|first=Paul M.|title=The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe|year=2001|location=Ithaca|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0801439779|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z9ItAtbJ5AC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Barker|first=John W.|year=1966|title=Justinian and the Later Roman Empire|location=Madison|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299039448|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LiJljEXvwAoC}}
* {{cite book |last=Beckwith |first= Christopher I. |author-link=Christopher I. Beckwith |date=16 March 2009 |title=Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jG1eHe3y4EC |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn= 978-0691135892 |access-date=29 May 2015 }}
* {{Cite book| ref=harv|last=Bowlus|first=Charles R.|title=Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907|year=1995|location=Philadelphia|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=9780812232769|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5x0BAAAQBAJ}}
* E. Breuer, "Chronological Studies to Early-Medieval Findings at the Danube Region. An Introduction to Byzantine Art at Barbaric Cemeteries." (Tettnang 2005).
* {{cite journal |last1=Csáky |first1=Veronika |last2=Gerber |first2=Dániel |display-authors=1 |date=January 22, 2020 |title=Genetic insights into the social organisation of the Avar period elite in the 7th century AD Carpathian Basin |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |volume=10 |issue=948 |page= 948|bibcode= 2020NatSR..10..948C|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-57378-8 |pmc=6976699 |pmid=31969576 |ref={{harvid|Csáky et al.|2020}}}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Csősz |first1=Aranka |last2=Szécsényi-Nagy |first2=Anna |display-authors=1 |date=September 16, 2016 |title=Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10th Century AD Hungarians |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |volume=6 |issue=33446 |page= 33446|doi=10.1038/srep33446 |pmc=5025779 |pmid=27633963 |bibcode=2016NatSR...633446C |ref={{harvid|Csősz et al.|2016}}}}
* {{Cite book|last=Curta|first=Florin|author-link=Florin Curta|title=The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700|year=2001|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139428880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcFGhCVs0sYC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Curta|first=Florin|author-link=Florin Curta|title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250|year=2006|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521815390|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC}}
*{{cite book
| last = Evans
| first = James Allan Stewart
| title = The Emperor Justinian And The Byzantine Empire
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xDNv6qZ_I-IC
| access-date = 2013-01-24
| series = Greenwood Guides to Historic Events of the Ancient World
| year = 2005
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| isbn = 978-0-313-32582-3
| page = xxxv
}}
* {{cite journal|last=Dobrovits|first=Mihály|title="They called themselves Avar" – Considering the pseudo-Avar question in the work of Theophylaktos|url=http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/dobrovits.html|journal=Ērān Ud Anērān Webfestschrift Marshak 2003|year=2003}}
* {{cite book|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp, Jr.|author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine, Jr.|title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century|publisher=The University of Michigan Press|location=Michigan|year=1991|isbn=0-472-08149-7}}
* Bruno Genito & Laszlo Madaras (eds.), (2005) "Archaeological Remains of a Steppe people in the Hungarian Great Plain: The Avarian Cemetery at Öcsöd 59. Final Reports. Naples". {{ISSN|1824-6117}}
* {{Cite book|last=Goldberg|first=Eric J.|title=Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876|year=2006|location=Ithaca, NY|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=9780801438905|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyiTg0wgl58C}}
* {{cite journal|title=The letter sent by the Turk Khagan to the Emperor Mauricius|author= Janos Harmatta| journal = Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|year=2001|volume=41|pages=109–118|doi= 10.1556/AAnt.41.2001.1-2.11}}
* {{cite book |last=Havlík |first=Lubomír E. |editor-last=Champion |editor-first=T. C. | title=Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |pages=227–237 |chapter=Great Moravia between the Franconians, Byzantium and Rome |isbn=0-415-12253-8}}
* {{cite book|title=Regna and Gentes: The Relationship Between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World
|last1 = Jarnut |first1=Jorg|last2=Pohl|first2=Walter|year=2003|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-12524-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Kristó |first=Gyula |year=1996 |title=Hungarian History in the Ninth Century |publisher=Szegedi Középkorász Műhely |isbn=1-4039-6929-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofslovaki00kirs }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbAG8vmUXdw - YouTube] Documentary with Gyula László in Hungarian, on state television channel Duna.
* {{cite book |last1=Kyzlasov |first1=L. R. |chapter=Northern Nomads |editor1-last=Litvinsky |editor1-first=B. A. |date=1 January 1996 |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=883OZBe2sMYC |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |pages=315–325 |isbn=978-9231032110 |access-date=29 May 2015 }}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Luthar|editor-first=Oto|title=The Land Between: A History of Slovenia|year=2008|location=Frankfurt am Main|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=9783631570111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9tDboBJ70EC}}
* {{cite book|title=The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CrUdgzSICxcC|last=Maenchen-Helfen|first=Otto|publisher=University California Press|year=1976|isbn=9780520015968}}
*László Makkai & András Mócsy, editors, 2001. ''[http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/41.html History of Transylvania'', II.4, "The period of Avar rule"]
* {{cite book|title= Romans, Barbarians, and the Transformation of the Roman World: Cultural Interaction and the Creation of Identity in Late Antiquity
|year=2011|publisher=Ashgate|editor=Ralph W. Mathisen, Danuta Shanzer|chapter= The "Runaway" Avars and Late Antique Diplomacy|author= Ekaterina Nechaeva}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Moravcsik|editor-first=Gyula|editor-link=Gyula Moravcsik|title=Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio|year=1967|orig-year=1949|edition=2nd revised|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies|isbn=9780884020219|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3al15wpFWiMC}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Neparáczki |first1=Endre |last2=Maróti |first2=Zoltán |display-authors=1 |date=November 12, 2019 |title=Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |volume=9 |issue=16569 |page= 16569|bibcode= 2019NatSR...916569N|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5 |pmc=6851379 |pmid=31719606 |ref={{harvid|Neparáczki et al.|2019}}}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Pertz|editor-first=Georg Heinrich|editor-link=Georg Heinrich Pertz|title=Einhardi Annales|year=1845|location=Hanover|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBhKAAAAcAAJ}}
*{{cite book|last=Pohl|first=Walter|year=1998|title=Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings|chapter=Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies|editor1-last=Little|editor1-first=Lester K.|editor2-last=Rosenwein|editor2-first=Barbara H.|pages=13–24|chapter-url=http://www.kroraina.com/bulgar/pohl_etnicity.html|author-link=Walter Pohl|isbn=9781577180081|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/debatingmiddleag0000uns}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pohl|first=Walter|author-link=Walter Pohl|title=The Avars: A Steppe Empire in Central Europe, 567-822|year=2018|location=Ithaca and London|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=9781501729409|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoR1DwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Richards|first=Ronald O.|title=The Pannonian Slavic Dialect of the Common Slavic Proto-language: The View from Old Hungarian|year=2003|location=Los Angeles|publisher=University of California|isbn=9780974265308|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDFiAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Šebest |first1=Lukáš |last2=Baldovič |first2=Marian |display-authors=1 |date=January 18, 2018 |title=Detection of mitochondrial haplogroups in a small avar‐slavic population from the eighth–ninth century AD |journal=[[American Journal of Physical Anthropology]] |publisher=[[American Association of Physical Anthropologists]] |volume=165 |issue=3 |pages=536–553 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23380 |pmid=29345305 |ref={{harvid|Šebest et al.|2018}}}}
* {{cite book|title=The Slavs and the Avars|first=Omeljan|last=Pritsak|year=1982|place=Spoleto}}
*Róna-Tas, András (1999). ''Hungarians and Europe in the early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history''. Central European University Press.
* {{cite book|last=Schutz|first=Herbert |author-link=Herbert Schutz|title=The Carolingians in Central Europe, Their History, Arts, and Architecture: A Cultural History of Central Europe, 750-900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZJONlzdyPsC&pg=PA61|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-13149-3|pages=61–}}
* {{cite book|last=Sinor|first=Denis|title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|chapter=The Avars|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6TRNuWmHsC&pg=PA206|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24304-9|pages=206–}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Scholz|editor-first=Bernhard Walter|title=Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories|year=1970|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0472061860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTzl6wFjehMC}}
* {{cite book |chapter=The Avars |first=Samuel |last=Szadeczky-Kardoss |editor-first=Denis |editor-last=Sinor |year=1990 |title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia |volume=Vol. 1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }} p.&nbsp;221
* {{cite book|title=The History of Theophylact Simocatta: An English Translation with Introduction and Notes| author= Michael & Mary Whitby|year= 1986|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-822799-1}}
{{refend}}
 
== Спољашње везе ==
{{Commonscat|Eurasian Avars}}
* [https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10381/bdef:Content/get Археологија Авара у Србији], докторска дисертација (2014)
* [http://www.sulinet.hu/oroksegtar/data/telepulesek_ertekei/Zamardi/pages/avarkori_temeto_angol.htm "The largest Cemetery from the Avar period in the Carpathian Basin"]
 
{{Authority control}}
{{клица-народи}}
 
[[Категорија:Туркијски народи]]
Преузето из „https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Авари