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=== Геномско формирање Јужне и Средње Азије ===

[[Датотека:Yamnaya Steppe Pastoralists.jpg|мини|усправно=2|Yamnaya-related migrations according to {{harvp|Narasimhan et al.|2019}}.]]

{{harvp|Narasimhan et al.|2019}}, ''The Genomic Formation of South and Central Asia'', published in ''Science'' in September 2019, found a large amount of WSH ancestry among Indo-European-speaking populations throughout Eurasia. This lent support to the theory that the Yamnaya people were Indo-European-speaking.{{sfn|Narasimhan et al.|2019}}

 

 

== Анализа ==

The American archaeologist [[David W. Anthony]] (2019) summarized the recent genetic data on WSHs. Anthony notes that WSHs display genetic continuity between the paternal lineages of the [[Dnieper-Donets culture]] and the Yamnaya culture, as the males of both cultures have been found to have been mostly carriers of [[Haplogroup R1b|R1b]], and to a lesser extent [[Haplogroup I-M438|I2]].{{sfn|Mathieson et al.|2018}}

 

While the [[mtDNA]] of the Dnieper-Donets people is exclusively types of [[Haplogroup U (mtDNA)|U]], which is associated with EHGs and WHGs, the mtDNA of the Yamnaya also includes types frequent among CHGs and EEFs. Anthony notes that WSH had earlier been found among the [[Sredny Stog culture]] and the [[Khvalynsk culture]], who preceded the Yamnaya culture on the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe]]. The Sredny Stog were mostly WSH with slight EEF admixture, while the Khvalynsk living further east were purely WSH. Anthony also notes that unlike their Khvalynsk predecessors, the Y-DNA of the Yamnaya is exclusively EHG and WHG. This implies that the leading clans of the Yamnaya were of EHG and WHG origin.{{sfn|Anthony|2019b|p=36}} Because the slight EEF ancestry of the WSHs has been found to be derived from [[Central Europe]], and because there is no CHG Y-DNA detected among the Yamnaya, Anthony notes that it is impossible for the Maikop culture to have contributed much to the culture or CHG ancestry of the WSHs. Anthony suggests that admixture between EHGs and CHGs first occurred on the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe around 5,000 BC, while admixture with EEFs happened in the southern parts of the Pontic-Caspian steppe sometime later.{{sfn|Anthony|2019a|pp=1-19}}

 

As Yamnaya Y-DNA is exclusively of the EHG and WHG type, Anthony notes that the admixture must have occurred between EHG and WHG males, and CHG and EEF females. Anthony cites this as additional evidence that the [[Indo-European languages]] were initially spoken among EHGs living in Eastern Europe. On this basis, Anthony concludes that the Indo-European languages which the WSHs brought with them were initially the result of "a dominant language spoken by EHGs that absorbed Caucasus-like elements in phonology, morphology, and lexicon" (spoken by CHGs).{{sfn|Anthony|2019a|pp=1-19}}