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<blockquote>Loathsome to such as are not acquainted with it, having a scum or froth that is very unpleasant taste. Yet it is a drink very much esteemed among the Indians, where with they feast noble men who pass through their country. The Spaniards, both men and women, that are accustomed to the country, are very greedy of this Chocolate. They say they make diverse sorts of it, some hot, some cold, and some temperate, and put therein much of that "chili"; yea, they make paste thereof, the which they say is good for the stomach and against the [[catarrh]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.exploratorium.edu/exploring/exploring_chocolate/choc_3.html|title=The Sweet Lure of Chocolate|access-date=July 18, 2008|publisher=Exploratorium|first=Jim|last=Spadaccini|year=2008}}</ref> </blockquote>Within Mesoamerica many drinks were made from cacao beans, and further enhanced by flowers like vanilla to add flavor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Conquests of Chocolate|last=Norton|first=Marcy|publisher=OAH Magazine of History|year=2004}}</ref> This was a tribute to the Aztecs. The Aztecs, or Mexica, required conquered people to provide them with chocolate. Cups, gourds, cacao beans, as well as others things they acquired were listed in [[Codex Mendoza|The Essential Codex Mendoza.]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Codex Mendoza|last=Berdan|first=Frances|publisher=Univ. of California Press|year=1992|location=Berkeley}}</ref> Cacao became used as a currency throughout Mesoamerica.<ref name=":0" /> The Aztecs used chocolate to show high status: it was a bad omen for someone low or common to drink chocolate.<ref name=":0" /> Europeans' first recorded contact with chocolate was not until 1502 on [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus's]] fourth voyage.<ref name=":0" />
=== Европска адаптација ===
===European Adaptation===
{{see also|HistoryИсторија ofчоколаде chocolateу in SpainШпанији}}
[[File:Hot chocolate in Montsalvat , Melbourne.jpg|thumb| HotТопла chocolateчоколада inу [[Montsalvat |Монтсалвату]], [[ MelbourneМелбурн]] .]] ▼
AfterПошто defeatingје Montezuma'sпобедио warriorsМонтезумине andратнике demandingи thatзахтевао theда Aztecастечки noblesплемићи handпредају overсвоје their valuablesдрагоцености, CortésКортес returnedсе toвратио у [[Spain |Шпанију]] in 1528 . године, bringingдоносећи cocoaса beansсобом andкакао chocolateзрна и drinkопрему makingза equipmentправљење withчоколадних themнапитака.<ref name="Cortes">{{cite web|url=http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/cortes.htm|title=Don Cortes|publisher=Cadbury Trebor Bassett|access-date=June 27, 2008|year=2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071021055732/http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/cortes.htm |archive-date = October 21, 2007}}</ref> AtУ thisто timeвреме, chocolateчоколада stillје onlyјош existedувек inпостојала theсамо bitterу drinkгорком inventedпићу byкоје theсу Mayasизмислиле Маје.<ref name="Riches" /> SweetСлатка hotтопла chocolateчоколада andи [[chocolate bar| barплоча chocolateчоколаде]] wereјош yetнису toбили be inventedизмишљени. AfterНакон itsувођења introductionу to EuropeЕвропу, theпиће drinkје slowlyполако gainedстекло popularityпопуларност. TheЦарски Imperialдвор Court ofцара [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor| Emperor CharlesКарла V]] soonубрзо adoptedје theусвојио drinkпиће, andа whatоно wasшто thenје onlyтада knownбило asпознато "chocolate"само као „чоколада” becameпостало aје [[fashion |помодно]] able drinkпиће popularпопуларно withмеђу the Spanishшпанском [[upper class |вишом класом]]. AdditionallyПоред тога, cocoaкакао wasје givenдат as aкао [[dowry |мираз]] whenкада membersсу ofсе theчланови шпанске Spanishкраљевске Royalпородице Familyвенчали marriedса otherдругим Europeanевропским aristocratsаристократама.<ref>[https://www.thespruceeats.com/the-history-of-hot-chocolate-764463] The history of hot chocolate</ref> AtУ theто timeвреме, chocolateчоколада wasје veryбила expensiveвеома inскупа Europeу becauseЕвропи, theјер су cocoaкакао beansзрна onlyрасла grewсамо inу SouthЈужној AmericaАмерици.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chocolate.org.uk/timeline/index.html|last=Pearce|first=David|title=Cacao and Chocolate Timeline|access-date=June 27, 2008|publisher=David Pearce|year=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050219115253/http://chocolate.org.uk/timeline/index.html|archive-date=February 19, 2005}}</ref> ▼▲[[File:Hot chocolate in Montsalvat , Melbourne.jpg|thumb|Hot chocolate in [[Montsalvat]], [[Melbourne]]]]
Sweet-tastingЗатим hotје chocolateизмишљена wasтопла thenчоколада inventedслатког укуса, leadingшто hotје chocolateдовело toдо becomeтога aда luxuryје itemтопла amongчоколада theпостала Europeanлуксузни nobilityпредмет byмеђу theевропским 17thплемством centuryдо 17. века.<ref name="Green">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Matthew|title=How the decadence and depravity of London's 18th century elite was fuelled by hot chocolate|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/articles/surprising-history-of-london-chocolate-houses/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/articles/surprising-history-of-london-chocolate-houses/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=July 15, 2017|date=March 11, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> EvenЧак whenи theкада firstје Chocolateпрва Houseкућа чоколаде ( anустанова establishmentслична similarмодерном to a modern coffee shopкафићу)<ref name="Riches" /> openedотворена in1657. 1657године, chocolateчоколада wasје и даље stillбила veryвеома expensiveскупа, costingкоштала је 50 toдо 75 [[pence |пенија]] ( approximatelyприближно 10–1510-15 shillingsшилинга) aза poundфунту ( roughlyотприлике £ 45–6545-65 inу 2016 . години).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/chocolate_houses.htm |title=Chocolate Houses|access-date=June 27, 2008|publisher=Cadbury Trebor Bassett|year=2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071028025113/http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/chocolate_houses.htm |archive-date = October 28, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation |title=Inflation|access-date=December 13, 2017|publisher=Bank of England|year=2017}}</ref> AtУ theто timeвреме, hotврућа chocolateчоколада wasсе oftenчесто mixedмешала withса spicesзачинима forради flavorукуса; oneједан notableзначајан recipeрецепт wasбила hotје chocolateтопла "infusedчоколада with„прожета freshсвежим jasmineцветовима flowersјасмина, amberћилибаром, muskмошусом, vanillaванилијом andи [[ambergris |амбергом]] “. "<ref name="Green" /> InКрајем the17. lateвека, 17th century,сир [[Sir Hans Sloane |Ханс Слоун]], president of theпредседник [[Royal College of Physicians |Краљевског колеџа лекара]], visitedпосетио је [[Jamaica |Јамајку]], whereгде heје wasму је introducedбио toпредстављен cocoaкакао. HeСматрао foundје itда 'nauseous'је butгадно, byали mixingга itсе withмешањем milkса madeмлеком itможе moreучинити palatableукуснијим. WhenКада Sloaneсе returnedСлоуне toвратио Englandу Енглеску, heдонео broughtје theрецепт recipeса with himсобом, introducingуводећи milkмлечну chocolateчоколаду toу EnglandЕнглеску.<ref name="Sloane">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/collections/botanical-collections/sloane-herbarium/about-sloane/index.html|title=About Sir Hans Sloane|publisher=The Natural History Museum|access-date=October 3, 2015}}</ref> Аристократска Theприрода aristocraticпића natureдовела ofје theдо drinkтога ledда toје chocolateчоколада being1797. referredгодине toназвана as„пићем "the drink of the gods" in 1797богова“.<ref name="Green" /> ▼▲After defeating Montezuma's warriors and demanding that the Aztec nobles hand over their valuables, Cortés returned to [[Spain]] in 1528, bringing cocoa beans and chocolate drink making equipment with them.<ref name="Cortes">{{cite web|url=http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/cortes.htm|title=Don Cortes|publisher=Cadbury Trebor Bassett|access-date=June 27, 2008|year=2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071021055732/http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/cortes.htm |archive-date = October 21, 2007}}</ref> At this time, chocolate still only existed in the bitter drink invented by the Mayas.<ref name="Riches" /> Sweet hot chocolate and [[chocolate bar|bar chocolate]] were yet to be invented. After its introduction to Europe, the drink slowly gained popularity. The Imperial Court of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]] soon adopted the drink, and what was then only known as "chocolate" became a [[fashion]]able drink popular with the Spanish [[upper class]]. Additionally, cocoa was given as a [[dowry]] when members of the Spanish Royal Family married other European aristocrats.<ref>[https://www.thespruceeats.com/the-history-of-hot-chocolate-764463] The history of hot chocolate</ref> At the time, chocolate was very expensive in Europe because the cocoa beans only grew in South America.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chocolate.org.uk/timeline/index.html|last=Pearce|first=David|title=Cacao and Chocolate Timeline|access-date=June 27, 2008|publisher=David Pearce|year=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050219115253/http://chocolate.org.uk/timeline/index.html|archive-date=February 19, 2005}}</ref>
InГодине 1828, [[Coenraad Johannes van Houten |Конрад Јоханес ван Хоутен]] developedје theразвио firstпрву cocoaмашину powderза producingпроизводњу machineкакао inпраха theу [[Netherlands |Холандији]].<ref name="Riches" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleboro.k12.ma.us/Middleboro/CHOC/Chocolate.htm|title=Chocolate History|access-date=June 26, 2008|publisher=Middleborough Public Schools|year=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080702220326/http://www.middleboro.k12.ma.us/Middleboro/CHOC/Chocolate.htm|archive-date=July 2, 2008}}</ref> TheПреса pressје separatedодвојила the greasyмасни [[cocoa butter |какао путер]] fromод cacaoсемена seedsкакаоа, leavingостављајући aза purerсобом chocolateчистији powderчоколадни behindпрах.<ref name="Riches" /> This powderОвај wasпрах easierсе toлакше stirмешао intoу milkмлеко andи waterводу. AsКао aрезултат resultтога, anotherнаправљено veryје importantјош discoveryједно wasвеома madeважно откриће: solidчврста chocolateчоколада. ByКористећи usingкакао cocoaпрах powderи andмале lowколичине amountsкакао of cocoa butterпутера, itтада wasје thenбило possibleмогуће to manufactureпроизвести [[chocolate bar |чоколадне плочице]] s. The termТермин '' chocolateчоколада'' thenје cameтада toпочео meanда solidзначи chocolateчврсту ratherчоколаду, а thanне hotтоплу chocolateчоколаду, withпри theчему firstје chocolateпрва barчоколадна beingтабла created inстворена 1847 . године.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Klein|first1=Christopher|title=The Sweet History of Chocolate|url=http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/the-sweet-history-of-chocolate|publisher=The History Channel|access-date=July 15, 2017|date=February 13, 2014}}</ref> ▼▲Sweet-tasting hot chocolate was then invented, leading hot chocolate to become a luxury item among the European nobility by the 17th century.<ref name="Green">{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Matthew|title=How the decadence and depravity of London's 18th century elite was fuelled by hot chocolate|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/articles/surprising-history-of-london-chocolate-houses/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united-kingdom/england/london/articles/surprising-history-of-london-chocolate-houses/ |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=July 15, 2017|date=March 11, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Even when the first Chocolate House (an establishment similar to a modern coffee shop)<ref name="Riches" /> opened in 1657, chocolate was still very expensive, costing 50 to 75 [[pence]] (approximately 10–15 shillings) a pound (roughly £45–65 in 2016).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/chocolate_houses.htm |title=Chocolate Houses|access-date=June 27, 2008|publisher=Cadbury Trebor Bassett|year=2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071028025113/http://www.cadbury.co.uk/EN/CTB2003/about_chocolate/history_chocolate/chocolate_houses.htm |archive-date = October 28, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/inflation |title=Inflation|access-date=December 13, 2017|publisher=Bank of England|year=2017}}</ref> At the time, hot chocolate was often mixed with spices for flavor; one notable recipe was hot chocolate "infused with fresh jasmine flowers, amber, musk, vanilla and [[ambergris]]."<ref name="Green" /> In the late 17th century, [[Sir Hans Sloane]], president of the [[Royal College of Physicians]], visited [[Jamaica]], where he was introduced to cocoa. He found it 'nauseous' but by mixing it with milk made it more palatable. When Sloane returned to England, he brought the recipe with him, introducing milk chocolate to England.<ref name="Sloane">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/scientific-resources/collections/botanical-collections/sloane-herbarium/about-sloane/index.html|title=About Sir Hans Sloane|publisher=The Natural History Museum|access-date=October 3, 2015}}</ref> The aristocratic nature of the drink led to chocolate being referred to as "the drink of the gods" in 1797.<ref name="Green" />
AccordingПрема to traditionпредању, theиталијанска Italianверзија version ''cioccolata calda was'' firstје bornпрви пут настала у in [[ TurinТорино|Торину]] around око 1560. ToДа celebrateби thatпрославили theда capitalје ofглавни град the [[Duchy of Savoy |Савојског војводства]] was movedпремештен из from [[Chambéry |Шамберија]] to Turinу Торино, [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy |Емануел Филбер]] asked for, aвојвода newод beverageСавоје, andзатражио soје thisнови thickerнапитак, creamyте versionје wasстворена created.ова гушћа, кремаста верзија.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Exclusive Brand Torino |title=THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE IN TURIN |url=https://www.exclusivebrandstorino.com/guides/the-history-of-chocolate-in-turin/ |website=Exclusive Brand Torino |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref> ▼▲In 1828, [[Coenraad Johannes van Houten]] developed the first cocoa powder producing machine in the [[Netherlands]].<ref name="Riches" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleboro.k12.ma.us/Middleboro/CHOC/Chocolate.htm|title=Chocolate History|access-date=June 26, 2008|publisher=Middleborough Public Schools|year=2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080702220326/http://www.middleboro.k12.ma.us/Middleboro/CHOC/Chocolate.htm|archive-date=July 2, 2008}}</ref> The press separated the greasy [[cocoa butter]] from cacao seeds, leaving a purer chocolate powder behind.<ref name="Riches" /> This powder was easier to stir into milk and water. As a result, another very important discovery was made: solid chocolate. By using cocoa powder and low amounts of cocoa butter, it was then possible to manufacture [[chocolate bar]]s. The term '' chocolate'' then came to mean solid chocolate rather than hot chocolate, with the first chocolate bar being created in 1847.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Klein|first1=Christopher|title=The Sweet History of Chocolate|url=http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/the-sweet-history-of-chocolate|publisher=The History Channel|access-date=July 15, 2017|date=February 13, 2014}}</ref>
▲According to tradition, the Italian version cioccolata calda was first born in [[Turin]] around 1560. To celebrate that the capital of the [[Duchy of Savoy]] was moved from [[Chambéry]] to Turin, [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]] asked for a new beverage, and so this thicker, creamy version was created. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Exclusive Brand Torino |title=THE HISTORY OF CHOCOLATE IN TURIN |url=https://www.exclusivebrandstorino.com/guides/the-history-of-chocolate-in-turin/ |website=Exclusive Brand Torino |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
FileДатотека:Chocolate cup Chantilly porcelain 18th century.jpg|ChocolateЧоколадна cupшоља, порцелан [[Chantilly porcelain|Чантили]], 18th18. centuryвек
FileДатотека:Trembleuse LACMA M.80.204.17a-c.jpg|[[Trembleuse|Тремблу]] orили ''GobeletСпуштни etпехар soucoupeи enfoncéтањир'' byод [[Manufacture nationale de Sèvres|SèvresСевреса]] c.око 1776, designedдизајниран forза drinkingиспијање hotтопле chocolateчоколаде
FileДатотека:Jean-Etienne Liotard - The Chocolate Girl - Google Art Project.jpg|TheЧоколадна Chocolate Girlдевојка. [[Jean-Étienne Liotard|Жан-Етјен Лиотар]], circaоко 1744
FileДатотека:Raimundo Madrazo - Hot Chocolate.jpg|A womanЖена (''AlineАлин MassonМејсон'') drinkingпије a cup ofшољу [[chocolate|чоколаде]], inна a canvas byплатну [[Raimundo Madrazo|Рејмунда Мадраза]]
FileДатотека:Les_Maîtres_de_l'Affiche_-_43_-_Cacao_Van_Houten_(bgw20_0371).jpg|CacaoКакао VanВан HoutenХоутен. Poster byПостер [[Adolphe Willette|Адолфа Вилета]], 1893
</gallery>
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