Šarenci

Šarenci
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Arthropoda
Klasa:	Insecta
Red:	Lepidoptera
Natporodica:	Papilionoidea
Porodica:	Nymphalidae; Rafinesque, 1815
Podfamilije
	Apaturinae; Biblidinae; Calinaginae; Charaxinae; Cyrestinae; Danainae; Heliconiinae; Libytheinae; Limenitidinae; Morphinae; Nymphalinae; Satyrinae; i vidi tekst članka
Diverzitet
	Preko 600 rododova; Oko 5.700 vrsta

Šarenci ili riđe (Nymphalidae) brojna su porodica dnevnih leptira. Velika krila su im sa gornje strane živih boja. Kad krila pri mirovanju sklope vidljiva je donja strana koja je neuglednija i često slična okolini. Prednje noge su im zakržljale, antene kijačaste.^[1]

Gusenice imaju trnovite izrasline ili su kratkodlake. Lutka im je obično strmoglavica.^[2]

Sistematika i filogenija уреди

Plemena уреди

Ageroniini E. Doubleday, 1847
Anaeini Reuter, 1896
Argynnini Swainson, 1833
Biblidini Boisduval, 1833
Catonephelini d'Almeida, 1932
Coeini Scudder, 1893
Danaini Boisduval, 1833
Elymniini Herrich-Schäffer, 1864
Epiphelini Jenkins, 1987
Eubagini Burmeister, 1878
Euploeini
Eurytelini E. Doubleday, 1845
Godyridini
Heliconiini Swainson, 1822
Ithomiini Godman and Salvin, 1879
Junoniini Reuter, 1896
Kallimini Doherty, 1886
Limenitidini Behr, 1864
Melitaeini Newman, 1870
Morphini Newman, 1834
Nymphalini Rafinesque, 1815
Satyrini Boisduval, 1833
Victorinini Scudder, 1893

Rodovi уреди

Adelpha Hübner, 1819
Aglais Dalman, 1816
Agraulis Boisduval and Le Conte, 1835
Anaea Hübner, 1819
Anartia Hübner, 1819
Anthanassa Scudder, 1875
Antillea Higgins, 1959
Asterocampa Röber, 1916
Atlantea Higgins, 1959
Biblis [Fabricius], 1807
Boloria Moore, 1900
Castilia Higgins, 1981
Cercyonis Scudder, 1875
Chlosyne Butler, 1870
Coenonympha Hübner, 1819
Cyllopsis R. Felder, 1869
Dagon Higgins, 1981
Danaus Kluk, 1780
Dione Hübner, 1819
Dircenna E. Doubleday, 1847
Doxocopa Hübner, 1819
Dryadula Michener, 1942
Dryas Hübner, 1807
Dymasia Higgins, 1960
Dynamine Hübner, 1819
Epiphile E. Doubleday, 1845
Erebia Dalman, 1816
Eresia Boisduval, 1836
Eueides Hübner, 1816
Eunica Hübner, 1819
Euphydryas Scudder, 1872
Euptoieta E. Doubleday, 1848
Euptychia Hübner, 1818
Gnathotriche Felder and Felder, 1862
Gyrocheilus Butler, 1867
Hamadryas Hübner, 1806
Heliconius Kluk, 1780
Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964
Higginsius Hemming, 1964
Historis Hübner, 1819
Hypanartia Hübner, 1821
Hypolimnas Hübner, 1819
Janatella Higgins, 1981
Junonia Hübner, 1819
Lethe Hübner, 1819
Libytheana Michener, 1943
Limenitis [Fabricius], 1807
Lycorea E. Doubleday, 1847
Marpesia Hübner, 1818
Mazia Higgins, 1981
Megisto Hübner, 1819
Melitaea Fabricius, 1807
Memphis Hübner, 1819
Mestra Hübner, 1825
Microtia H. Bates, 1864
Morpho [Fabricius], 1807
Myscelia E. Doubleday, 1845
Neominois Scudder, 1875
Neonympha Hübner, 1818
Nymphalis Kluk, 1780
Oeneis Hübner, 1819
Ortilia Higgins, 1981
Paramacera Butler, 1868
Phyciodes Hübner, 1819
Phystis Higgins, 1981
Poladryas Bauer, 1961
Polygonia Hübner, 1819
Siproeta Hübner, 1823
Smyrna Hübner, 1823
Speyeria Scudder, 1872
Tegosa Higgins, 1981
Telenassa Higgins, 1981
Temenis Hübner, 1819
Texola Higgins, 1959
Vanessa [Fabricius], 1807-valid

Vrste уреди

Dele se u dve grupe: prva ima talasast rub krila smeđe boje s crvenim, žutim, belim ili plavim pegama, a druga grupa ima zaobljena krila crveno-smeđe boje sa tamnim pegama sa gornje, a beličastom ili srebrnom šarom u obliku mreže s donje strane.

Najpoznatije su vrste: monarh (Danaus plexippus), afrički monarh (Danaus chrysippus), plameni šarenac (Melitaea didyma), dnevni paunovac (Inachis io), admiral (Vanessa atalanta), koprivar (Aglais urticae), smeđi čestarac (Limenitis camilla), modri prelivac (Apatura iris), kraljev plašt (Nymphalis antiopa), crnooki šarenac (Melitaea cinxia), čkaljevac (Vanessa cardui), obična sedefica (Argynnis paphia), šumska riđa (Araschnia levana), zelena sedefica (Speyeria aglaja).^[3]

Adelpha basiloides H. Bates, 1865
Adelpha bredowii Geyer, 1837
Adelpha californica (Butler, 1865)
Adelpha eulalia (E. Doubleday, 1848)
Adelpha fessonia (Hewitson, 1847)
Aglais milberti (Godart, 1819)
Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Agraulis vanillae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anaea aidea (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)
Anaea andria Scudder, 1875
Anaea troglodyta (Fabricius, 1775)
Anartia chrysopelea Hübner, 1831
Anartia fatima (Fabricius, 1793)
Anartia jatrophae (Linnaeus, 1763)
Anthanassa argentea (Godman and Salvin, 1882)
Anthanassa frisia (Poey, 1832)
Anthanassa ptolyca (H. Bates, 1864)
Anthanassa texana (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
Anthanassa tulcis (H. Bates, 1864)
Asterocampa celtis (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1835)
Asterocampa clyton (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1835)
Asterocampa idyja (Geyer, 1828)
Asterocampa leilia (W. H. Edwards, 1874)
Atlantea tulita (Dewitz, 1877)
Biblis hyperia (Cramer, 1779)
Boloria alaskensis (W. Holland, 1900)
Boloria alberta (W. H. Edwards, 1890)
Boloria astarte (E. Doubleday, 1847)
Boloria bellona (Fabricius, 1775)
Boloria chariclea (Schneider, 1794)
Boloria epithore (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1800)
Boloria freija (Thunberg, 1791)
Boloria frigga (Thunberg, 1791)
Boloria improba (Butler, 1877)
Boloria kriemhild (Strecker, 1879)
Boloria napaea (Hoffmansegg, 1804)
Boloria natazhati (Gibson, 1920)
Boloria polaris (Boisduval, 1828)
Boloria selene ([Schiffermüller], 1775)
Boloria titania (Esper, 1793)
Cercyonis meadii (W. H. Edwards, 1872)
Cercyonis oetus (Boisduval, 1869)
Cercyonis pegala (Fabricius, 1775)
Cercyonis sthenele (Boisduval, 1852)
Chlosyne acastus (W. H. Edwards, 1874)
Chlosyne californica (W. G. Wright, 1905)
Chlosyne cyneas (Godman and Salvin, 1878)
Chlosyne damoetas (Skinner, 1902)
Chlosyne definita (E. Aaron, 1885)
Chlosyne ehrenbergii (Geyer, 1833)
Chlosyne endeis (Godman and Salvin, 1894)
Chlosyne erodyle (H. W. Bates, 1864)
Chlosyne eumeda (Godman and Salvin, 1894)
Chlosyne fulvia (W. H. Edwards, 1879)
Chlosyne gabbii (Behr, 1863)
Chlosyne gorgone (Hübner, 1810)
Chlosyne harrisii (Scudder, 1863)
Chlosyne hoffmanni (Behr, 1863)
Chlosyne janais (Drury, 1782)
Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer, 1837)
Chlosyne leanira (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1860)
Chlosyne marina (Geyer, 1837)
Chlosyne melitaeoides (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
Chlosyne nycteis (E. Doubleday, 1847)
Chlosyne palla (Boisduval, 1852)
Chlosyne rosita A. Hall, 1924
Chlosyne theona (Ménétriés, 1855)
Chlosyne whitneyi (Behr, 1863)
Coenonympha haydenii (W. H. Edwards, 1872)
Coenonympha tullia (Müller, 1764)
Cyllopsis gemma (Hübner, 1809)
Cyllopsis pertepida (Dyar, 1912)
Cyllopsis pyracmon (Butler, 1867)
Danaus eresimus (Cramer, 1777)
Danaus gilippus (Cramer, 1775)
Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dione moneta Hübner, 1825
Dircenna klugii (Geyer, 1837)
Doxocopa laure (Drury, 1773)
Doxocopa pavon (Latreille, 1809)
Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dryas iulia (Fabricius, 1775)
Dymasia dymas (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
Dynamine dyonis Geyer, 1837
Dynamine postverta (Cramer, 1779)
Dynamine tithia (Hübner, 1823)
Epiphile adrasta Hewitson, 1861
Erebia callias W. H. Edwards, 1871
Erebia dabanensis Ershov, 1871
Erebia disa (Thunberg, 1791)
Erebia discoidalis (W. Kirby, 1837)
Erebia epipsodea Butler, 1868
Erebia fasciata Butler, 1868
Erebia kozhantshikovi Sheljuzhko, 1925
Erebia lafontainei Troubridge and Philip, 1983
Erebia mackinleyensis Gunder, 1932
Erebia magdalena Strecker, 1880
Erebia mancinus E. Doubleday, 1849
Erebia occulta Roos and Kimmich, 1983
Erebia pawloskii Ménétriés, 1859
Erebia rossii (J. Curtis, 1835)
Erebia theano (Tauscher, 1809)
Erebia vidleri Elwes, 1898
Erebia youngi W. Holland, 1900
Eueides isabella (Stoll, 1781)
Eunica monima (Stoll, 1782)
Eunica tatila (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
Euphydryas anicia (E. Doubleday, 1847)
Euphydryas chalcedona (E. Doubleday, 1847)
Euphydryas colon (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
Euphydryas editha (Boisduval, 1852)
Euphydryas gillettii (W. Barnes, 1897)
Euphydryas phaeton (Drury, 1773)
Euptoieta claudia (Cramer, 1775)
Euptoieta hegesia (Cramer, 1779)
Gyrocheilus patrobas (Hewitson, 1862)
Hamadryas amphichloe (Boisduval, 1870)
Hamadryas amphinome (Linnaeus, 1767)
Hamadryas atlantis (H. Bates, 1864)
Hamadryas februa (Hübner, 1823)
Hamadryas feronia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hamadryas fornax (Hübner, 1823)
Hamadryas glauconome (H. Bates, 1864)
Hamadryas guatemalena (H. Bates, 1864)
Hamadryas iphthime (H. Bates, 1864)
Heliconius charithonia (Linnaeus, 1767)
Heliconius erato (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hermeuptychia hermes (Fabricius, 1775)
Hermeuptychia sosybius (Fabricius, 1793)
Historis acheronta (Fabricius, 1775)
Historis odius (Fabricius, 1775)
Hypanartia lethe (Fabricius, 1793)
Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764)
Junonia coenia Hübner, 1822
Junonia evarete (Cramer, 1779)
Junonia genoveva (Cramer, 1780)
Lethe anthedon (A. Clark, 1936)
Lethe appalachia R. Chermock, 1947
Lethe creola (Skinner, 1897)
Lethe eurydice (Linnaeus, 1763)
Lethe portlandia (Fabricius, 1781)
Libytheana carinenta (Cramer, 1777)
Libytheana motya (Hübner, 1823)
Limenitis archippus (Cramer, 1775)
Limenitis arthemis (Drury, 1773)
Limenitis lorquini Boisduval, 1852
Limenitis weidemeyerii W. H. Edwards, 1861
Lycorea halia (Hübner, 1816)
Marpesia chiron (Fabricius, 1775)
Marpesia eleuchea Hübner, 1818
Marpesia petreus (Cramer, 1776)
Marpesia zerynthia Hübner, 1823
Megisto cymela (Cramer, 1777)
Megisto rubricata (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
Memphis echemus (E. Doubleday, 1849)
Memphis glycerium (E. Doubleday, 1849)
Memphis pithyusa (R. Felder, 1869)
Mestra amymone (Ménétriés, 1857)
Mestra dorcas Fabricius, 1775
Microtia elva H. Bates, 1864
Morpho peleides Kollar, 1850
Morpho polyphemus Westwood, 1850
Myscelia cyananthe (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
Myscelia ethusa (Doyère, 1840)
Neominois ridingsii (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
Neonympha areolatus (J. E. Smith, 1797)
Neonympha helicta (Hübner, 1808)
Neonympha mitchellii French, 1889
Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Nymphalis californica (Boisduval, 1852)
Nymphalis l-album (Esper, 1781)
Oeneis alberta Elwes, 1893
Oeneis alpina Kurentsov, 1970
Oeneis bore (Esper, 1789)
Oeneis chryxus (E. Doubleday, 1849)
Oeneis jutta (Hübner, 1806)
Oeneis macounii (W. H. Edwards, 1885)
Oeneis melissa (Fabricius, 1775)
Oeneis nevadensis (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
Oeneis philipi Troubridge, 1988
Oeneis polixenes (Fabricius, 1775)
Oeneis uhleri (Reakirt, 1866)
Paramacera xicaque (Reakirt, 1867)
Phyciodes batesii (Reakirt, 1866)
Phyciodes cocyta (Cramer, 1777)
Phyciodes graphica (R. Felder, 1869)
Phyciodes mylitta (W. H. Edwards, 1861)
Phyciodes orseis W. H. Edwards, 1871
Phyciodes pallescens (Felder, 1869)
Phyciodes pallida (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
Phyciodes phaon (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
Phyciodes picta (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
Phyciodes pulchella (Boisduval, 1852)
Phyciodes tharos (Drury, 1773)
Poladryas arachne (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
Poladryas minuta (W. H. Edwards, 1861)
Polygonia comma (T. Harris, 1842)
Polygonia faunus (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
Polygonia gracilis (Grote and Robinson, 1867)
Polygonia interrogationis (Fabricius, 1798)
Polygonia oreas (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
Polygonia progne (Cramer, 1775)
Polygonia satyrus (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
Siproeta epaphus (Latreille, 1813)
Siproeta stelenes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Smyrna blomfildia (Fabricius, 1781)
Smyrna karwinskii Geyer, 1833
Speyeria adiaste (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius, 1787)
Speyeria atlantis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
Speyeria callippe (Boisduval, 1852)
Speyeria carolae (dos Passos and Grey, 1942)
Speyeria coronis (Behr, 1864)
Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)
Speyeria diana (Cramer, 1777)
Speyeria edwardsii (Reakirt, 1866)
Speyeria egleis (Behr, 1862)
Speyeria hesperis (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869)
Speyeria idalia (Drury, 1773)
Speyeria mormonia (Boisduval, 1869)
Speyeria nokomis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
Speyeria zerene (Boisduval, 1852)
Tegosa luka Higgins, 1981
Temenis laothoe (Cramer, 1777)
Texola elada (Hewitson, 1868)
Vanessa annabella (W. D. Field, 1971)
Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vanessa tameamea Escholtz, 1821
Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773)

Reference уреди

^ Wolfe, Joanna M.; Oliver, Jeffrey C.; Monteiro, Antónia (1. 01. 2011). „Evolutionary reduction of the first thoracic limb in butterflies”. Journal of Insect Science (на језику: енглески). 11 (1): 66. ISSN 1536-2442. PMC 3281478  . PMID 21867433. doi:10.1673/031.011.6601.
^ Ivo Matoničkin, Ivan Habdija, Biserka Primc-Habdija, Beskralješnjaci, biologija viših avertebrata, Školska knjiga, Zagreb. 1999. ISBN 978-953-0-30824-4.
^ Alciphron

Reference уреди

Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)

Spoljašnje veze уреди

Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility (2003): Family Nymphalidae
Family Nymphalidae at Lepidoptera.pro
Peter Chew: Danaids and Browns - Family Nymphalidae, Brisbane butterflies web site (2005).
Tree of Life Web Project: Nymphalidae Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (7. јун 2020)
Nymphalidae from all over the world
Butterflies and Moths of North America
Butterflies of America

[1] Wolfe, Joanna M.; Oliver, Jeffrey C.; Monteiro, Antónia (1. 01. 2011). „Evolutionary reduction of the first thoracic limb in butterflies”. Journal of Insect Science (на језику: енглески). 11 (1): 66. ISSN 1536-2442. PMC 3281478  . PMID 21867433. doi:10.1673/031.011.6601.

[2] Ivo Matoničkin, Ivan Habdija, Biserka Primc-Habdija, Beskralješnjaci, biologija viših avertebrata, Školska knjiga, Zagreb. 1999. ISBN 978-953-0-30824-4.

[Alciphron-3] Alciphron

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