Evolucijska psihologija

Evolucijska psihologija (EP) pristup je u društvenim i prirodnim naukama koji proučava psihološke crte poput pamćenja, percepcije i jezika iz moderne evolucijske perspektive. Pokušava da identifikuje koje su čovečije psihološke crte evoluirane adaptacije – tj. funkcionalni produkti prirodne selekcije ili polne selekcije. Adaptacionističko razmišljanje o fiziološkim mehanizmima poput srca, pluća i imunskog sistema uobičajeno je u evolucijskoj biologiji. Neki evolucijski psiholozi primenjuju isto razmišljanje u psihologiji tvrdeći da um ima modularnu strukturu sličnu onoj telesnoj, a različite modularne adaptacije služe različitim funkcijama. Evolucijski psiholozi tvrde da je velik deo čovečjeg ponašanja proizvod psiholoških adaptacija koje su evoluirale radi rešavanja rekurentnih problema u okruženjima čovekovih predaka.^[1]

Adaptacionistički se pristup postojano povećava kao uticaj u opštem polju psihologije.^[2] Evolucijski psiholozi predlažu da EP nije samo poddisciplina psihologije, već da evolucijska teorija može pružiti osnivački, metateorijski radni okvir koji integriše čitavo polje psihologije na isti način kao što čini u biologiji.^[3]^[4]

Evolucijski psiholozi drže da su ponašanja ili crte koje se javljaju univerzalno u svim kulturama dobri kandidati za evolucijske adaptacije^[2] uključujući sposobnosti zaključivanja o tuđim emocijama, razlikovanja rodbine od nerodbine, identifikovanja i preferiranja zdravijih partnera i suradnje s drugima. Dosad su izvestili o uspešnim testovima teorijskih predviđanja povezanih s temama poput infanticida, inteligencije, bračnih uzoraka, promiskuiteta, percepcije lepote, cene neveste i roditeljske investicije.^[5]

Teorije i pronalasci EP-a imaju primene u mnogim poljima uključujući ekonomiju, životnu sredinu, zdravlje, pravo, menadžment, psihijatriju, politiku i književnost.^[6]^[7]

Kontroverzije o EP-u uključuje pitanja o proverljivosti, kognitivnim i evolucijskim pretpostavkama (poput modularnog funkcionisanja mozga i velike nesigurnosti o ancestralnom okruženju), važnosti negenskih i neadaptivnih objašnjenja, pa i politička i etička pitanja zbog interpretacija rezultata istraživanja.^[8]

Vidi još уреди

Reference уреди

^ Confer et al. 2010; Buss, 2005; Durrant & Ellis, 2003; Pinker, 2002; Tooby & Cosmides, 2005
^ ^а ^б Schacter et al. 2007, str. 26–27
^ Duntley i Buss 2008
^ Carmen, R. A., et al. (2013). Evolution Integrated Across All Islands of the Human Behavioral Archipelago: All Psychology as Evolutionary Psychology. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 5, pp. 108–26. ISSN 1944-1932 PDF
^ "Despite this difficulty, there have been many careful and informative studies of human social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Infanticide, intelligence, marriage patterns, promiscuity, perception of beauty, bride price, altruism, and the allocation of parental care have all been explored by testing predictions derived from the idea that conscious and unconscious behaviours have evolved to maximize inclusive fitness. The findings have been impressive." "social behaviour, animal." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 23. siječnja 2011. [1].
^ The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Edited by Robin Dunbar and Louise Barret, Oxford University Press, 2007
^ The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David M. Buss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005
^ Rose, Hilary (2000). Alas, Poor Darwin : Arguments Against Evolutionary Psychology. Harmony; 1 Amer ed edition (10. listopada 2000). ISBN 978-0-609-60513-4.

Literatura уреди

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Barkow, J., Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. 1992. The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Spoljašnje veze уреди

What Is Evolutionary Psychology? by Clinical Evolutionary Psychologist Dale Glaebach.
Evolutionary Psychology – Approaches in Psychology
PsychTable.org Collaborative effort to catalog human psychological adaptations
Evolutionary Psychology на сајту Curlie

Akademska društva уреди

Human Behavior and Evolution Society; international society dedicated to using evolutionary theory to study human nature
The International Society for Human Ethology; promotes ethological perspectives on the study of humans worldwide
European Human Behaviour and Evolution Association Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (12. септембар 2015) an interdisciplinary society that supports the activities of European researchers with an interest in evolutionary accounts of human cognition, behavior and society
The Association for Politics and the Life Sciences; an international and interdisciplinary association of scholars, scientists, and policymakers concerned with evolutionary, genetic, and ecological knowledge and its bearing on political behavior, public policy and ethics.
Society for Evolutionary Analysis in Law a scholarly association dedicated to fostering interdisciplinary exploration of issues at the intersection of law, biology, and evolutionary theory
The New England Institute for Cognitive Science and Evolutionary Psychology aims to foster research and education into the interdisciplinary nexus of cognitive science and evolutionary studies
The NorthEastern Evolutionary Psychology Society; regional society dedicated to encouraging scholarship and dialogue on the topic of evolutionary psychology
Feminist Evolutionary Psychology Society researchers that investigate the active role that females have had in human evolution

Časopisi уреди

Evolutionary Psychology – free access online scientific journal
Evolution and Human Behavior – journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society
Evolutionary Psychological Science An international, interdisciplinary forum for original research papers that address evolved psychology. Spans social and life sciences, anthropology, philosophy, criminology, law and the humanities.
Politics and the Life Sciences – an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal published by the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences
Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective – advances the interdisciplinary investigation of the biological, social, and environmental factors that underlie human behavior. It focuses primarily on the functional unity in which these factors are continuously and mutually interactive. These include the evolutionary, biological, and sociological processes as they interact with human social behavior.
Biological Theory: Integrating Development, Evolution and Cognition – devoted to theoretical advances in the fields of biology and cognition, with an emphasis on the conceptual integration afforded by evolutionary and developmental approaches.
Evolutionary Anthropology
Behavioral and Brain Sciences – interdisciplinary articles in psychology, neuroscience, behavioral biology, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, linguistics and philosophy. About 30% of the articles have focused on evolutionary analyses of behavior.
The Evolutionary Review – Art, Science, and Culture

Video snimci уреди

Brief video clip from the "Evolution" PBS Series
TED talk Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (22. октобар 2011) by Steven Pinker about his book The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature
RSA talk by evolutionary psychologist Robert Kurzban on modularity of mind, based on his book Why Everyone (Else) is a Hypocrite
Richard Dawkins' lecture on natural selection and evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary Psychology – Steven Pinker & Frans de Waal Audio recording
Stone Age Minds: A conversation with evolutionary psychologists Leda Cosmides and John Tooby
Margaret Mead and Samoa. Review of the nature versus nurture debate triggered by Mead's book "Coming of Age in Samoa."
"Evolutionary Psychology", In Our Time, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Janet Radcliffe Richards, Nicholas Humphrey and Steven Rose (Nov. 2, 2000)

[1] Confer et al. 2010; Buss, 2005; Durrant & Ellis, 2003; Pinker, 2002; Tooby & Cosmides, 2005

[Psychology-2] а ^б Schacter et al. 2007, str. 26–27

[3] Duntley i Buss 2008

[4] Carmen, R. A., et al. (2013). Evolution Integrated Across All Islands of the Human Behavioral Archipelago: All Psychology as Evolutionary Psychology. EvoS Journal: The Journal of the Evolutionary Studies Consortium, 5, pp. 108–26. ISSN 1944-1932 PDF

[social-behavior-5] "Despite this difficulty, there have been many careful and informative studies of human social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Infanticide, intelligence, marriage patterns, promiscuity, perception of beauty, bride price, altruism, and the allocation of parental care have all been explored by testing predictions derived from the idea that conscious and unconscious behaviours have evolved to maximize inclusive fitness. The findings have been impressive." "social behaviour, animal." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2011. Web. 23. siječnja 2011. [1].

[Oxford2007-6] The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, Edited by Robin Dunbar and Louise Barret, Oxford University Press, 2007

[7] The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by David M. Buss, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005

[8] Rose, Hilary (2000). Alas, Poor Darwin : Arguments Against Evolutionary Psychology. Harmony; 1 Amer ed edition (10. listopada 2000). ISBN 978-0-609-60513-4.

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