Bitka kod Ap Baka

Bitka kod Ap Baka
	Deo Vijetnamskog rata
	; Srušeni helikopter Hjui u blizini Ap Baka
Vreme	2. januar 1963.
Mesto	Ap Bak
Ishod	Pobeda Vijetkonga
Sukobljene strane
Vijetkong	Južni Vijetnam; Sjedinjene Američke Države
Komandanti i vođe
Hai Hoang	Bui Dinj Dam; Huinj Van Ćao; Džon Pol Van
Jačina
350	1.400
Žrtve i gubici
18 mrtvih, 39 ranjenih	83 mrtvih, 105 ranjenih

10° 26′ 18″ N 106° 11′ 43″ E / 10.43833° S; 106.19528° I

Bitka kod Ap Baka (engl. Battle of Ap Bac; vie. Trận Ấp Bắc) odigrala se 2. januara 1963. godine u okolini vijetnamskog sela Ap Bak (64 km jugozapadno od Sajgona) u delti reke Mekong između Vijetkonga i udruženih snaga Južnog Vijetnama i SAD.^[2] Iako brojčano nadjačani, pripadnici Vijetkonga suprotstavili su se daleko superiornijim južnovijetnamskim vojnicima koji su uživali podršku Američkog vazduhoplovstva.^[3] Uprkos prednosti u svakom smislu, južnovijetnamski pukovnik Dam nije bio u stanju da izvrši glavni cilj zadatka koji mu je bio poveren, što je imalo za posledicu gubitak u iznosu više od 60 ljudi kao i izmicanje poveće grupe gerilaca.^[4] Nakon bitke američki i južnovijetnamski zvaničnici pokušali su sukob kod Ap Baka da nazovu pobedom, ali su američki potpukovnik Van i njegovo osoblje brzo otklonili zabludu i izneli pred javnost istinu.^[5]

Bitka kod Ap Baka je bila od presudne važnosti za naredni tok odvijanja konflikta. Predsednik Južnog Vijetnama, Ngo Dijem, onesposobio je sopstvene snage naredivši im da se ne izlažu velikim žrtvama u nastojanju da izbegne kontroverze. Stoga se može reći da je režim Južnog Vijetnama bio više skoncentrisan na očuvanju moći, nego na težnji za pobedom. Osim toga, poraz kod Ap Baka je pokazao Sjedinjenim Državama da je južnovijetnamski režim korumpiran i nesposoban u njegovom suzbijanju.^[6]

Pozadina uredi

Pre nego što je otpočela nova 1963. godina, posebno opremljen američki avion otkrio je radio-signale iz južnovijetnamskog seoca Tan Ćoi, u provinciji Đin Tuong u kojoj se nalazio štab južnovijetnamske 7. divizije.^[7] Delovi južnovijetnamske 7. divizije, uključujući i četu M-113 oklopnih transportera, dobili su naredbu da napadnu dotično seoce udaljeno nekih 64 kilometara od Sajgona.^[8] U trenutku kada su se suočile ustaničke i snage vlade iz Sajgona, vijetkongovski 514. bataljon se nije još oporavio od neuspeha od prethodne godine.^[9]

Reference uredi

^ ^a ^b ^v Truong, str. 419.
^ Olson, James Stuart (1999). „AP BAC, BATTLE OF (1963).”. Historical dictionary of the 1960s (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 29. ISBN 978-0-313-29271-2. „The Battle of Ap Bac, which took place outside of Ap Bac village, forty miles southwest of Saigon* in the Mekong Delta proved to be a watershed in the early history of the Vietnam War.*” |access-date= zahteva |url= (pomoć)
^ Lomperis, Timothy J. (1996). „A Tale of Two Strategles”. From people's war to people's rule: insurgency, intervention, and the lessons of Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). UNC Press Books. str. 333. ISBN 978-0-8078-4577-6. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „In January 1963, at the battle of Ap Bac (in the Mekong Delta), a Viet Cong battalion stood its ground against a far superior ARVN force, exposing, according the communists, the bankruptcy of the American “special war” strategy.”
^ Jaques, Tony (2007). „Ap Bac 1963 Vietnam War”. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 58. ISBN 978-0-313-33537-2. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „Despite huge numerical superiority, the incompetent Colonel Dam was routed, with over 60 killed. The Viet Cong then slipped away allowing the Allies to naively claim victory (1-2 January) 1963”
^ Hillstrom, Kevin (1998). „A Bright Shining Lie”. The Vietnam experience: a concise encyclopedia of American literature, songs, and films (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 59. ISBN 978-0-313-30183-4. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „In the battle's aftermath, U.S. and South Vietnamese officials tried to call the clash at Ap Bac a victory, but Vann and his staff quickly disabused the press corps of any such notions.”
^ Wiest, Andrew A. (2002). „Outbreak: An undeclared war”. The Vietnam War, 1956-1975 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Osprey Publishing. str. 24. ISBN 978-1-84176-419-1. Pristupljeno 01. 11. 2010. „The failure of Ap Bac was of critical importance for the future of the conflict. President Diem had hamstrung his own forces by ordering them not to take heavy casualties in a effort to avoid controversy. Thus the South Vietnamese regime was more concerned with its own power than a pursuit of victory. The failure at Ap Bac also demonstrated to the United States that the South Vietnamese regime was corrupt and incapable of defending containment on its own.”
^ Moyar, Mark (2006). „Chapter 8: The Battle of Ap Bac”. Triumph forsaken: the Vietnam war, 1954-1965 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Cambridge University Press. str. 186. ISBN 978-0-521-86911-9. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „Just before the new year began, a specially-equipped American airplane traced Viet Cong radio signals to the hamlet of Tan Thoi in Dinh Tuong province, the province where the ARVN 7th Division was headquartered.”
^ Dunstan, Simon (2003). „Viet Cong Counter-Measures”. Vietnam choppers: helicopters in battle 1950-75 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Osprey Publishing. str. 29. ISBN 978-1-84176-796-3. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „On 2 January elements of the ARVN 7th Division including a company of M-113 APCs, were ordered to assault the hamlet of Ap Tan Thoi in Din Thuong Province, on the edge of Plain of Reeds about thirty-five miles southwest of Saigon.”
^ Elliott, David (2007). „Chapter 9: The Battle of Ap Bac in January 1963”. The Vietnamese war: revolution and social change in the Mekong Delta, 1930-1975 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). M.E. Sharpe. str. 180. ISBN 978-0-7656-0603-7. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „At the time of the confrontation between revolutionary and Saigon forces at the hamlet of Ap Bac in January 1963, the 514th Battalion had not fully recovered from its 1962 setbacks.”

Literatura uredi

Dunstan, Simon (2003). „Viet Cong Counter-Measures”. Vietnam choppers: helicopters in battle 1950-75 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-796-3.
Elliott, David (2007). „Chapter 9: The Battle of Ap Bac in January 1963”. The Vietnamese war: revolution and social change in the Mekong Delta, 1930-1975 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). M.E. Sharpe. str. 180. ISBN 978-0-7656-0603-7. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010.
Wiest, Andrew A. (2002). „Outbreak: An undeclared war”. The Vietnam War, 1956-1975 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Osprey Publishing. str. 24. ISBN 978-1-84176-419-1. Pristupljeno 01. 11. 2010.
Moyar, Mark (2006). „Chapter 8: The Battle of Ap Bac”. Triumph forsaken: the Vietnam war, 1954-1965 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Cambridge University Press. str. 186. ISBN 978-0-521-86911-9. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010.
Hillstrom, Kevin (1998). „A Bright Shining Lie”. The Vietnam experience: a concise encyclopedia of American literature, songs, and films (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Laurie Collier Hillstrom. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30183-4.
Jaques, Tony (2007). „Ap Bac 1963 Vietnam War”. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 58. ISBN 978-0-313-33537-2. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010.
Lomperis, Timothy J. (1996). „A Tale of Two Strategles”. From people's war to people's rule: insurgency, intervention, and the lessons of Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). UNC Press Books. str. 333. ISBN 978-0-8078-4577-6. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010.
Olson, James Stuart (1999). „AP BAC, BATTLE OF (1963).”. Historical dictionary of the 1960s (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 29. ISBN 978-0-313-29271-2. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010.

[FOOTNOTETruong419-1] v Truong, str. 419.

[2] Olson, James Stuart (1999). „AP BAC, BATTLE OF (1963).”. Historical dictionary of the 1960s (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 29. ISBN 978-0-313-29271-2. „The Battle of Ap Bac, which took place outside of Ap Bac village, forty miles southwest of Saigon* in the Mekong Delta proved to be a watershed in the early history of the Vietnam War.*” |access-date= zahteva |url= (pomoć)

[3] Lomperis, Timothy J. (1996). „A Tale of Two Strategles”. From people's war to people's rule: insurgency, intervention, and the lessons of Vietnam (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). UNC Press Books. str. 333. ISBN 978-0-8078-4577-6. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „In January 1963, at the battle of Ap Bac (in the Mekong Delta), a Viet Cong battalion stood its ground against a far superior ARVN force, exposing, according the communists, the bankruptcy of the American “special war” strategy.”

[4] Jaques, Tony (2007). „Ap Bac 1963 Vietnam War”. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A-E (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 58. ISBN 978-0-313-33537-2. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „Despite huge numerical superiority, the incompetent Colonel Dam was routed, with over 60 killed. The Viet Cong then slipped away allowing the Allies to naively claim victory (1-2 January) 1963”

[5] Hillstrom, Kevin (1998). „A Bright Shining Lie”. The Vietnam experience: a concise encyclopedia of American literature, songs, and films (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Greenwood Publishing Group. str. 59. ISBN 978-0-313-30183-4. Pristupljeno 15. 10. 2010. „In the battle's aftermath, U.S. and South Vietnamese officials tried to call the clash at Ap Bac a victory, but Vann and his staff quickly disabused the press corps of any such notions.”

[6] Wiest, Andrew A. (2002). „Outbreak: An undeclared war”. The Vietnam War, 1956-1975 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Osprey Publishing. str. 24. ISBN 978-1-84176-419-1. Pristupljeno 01. 11. 2010. „The failure of Ap Bac was of critical importance for the future of the conflict. President Diem had hamstrung his own forces by ordering them not to take heavy casualties in a effort to avoid controversy. Thus the South Vietnamese regime was more concerned with its own power than a pursuit of victory. The failure at Ap Bac also demonstrated to the United States that the South Vietnamese regime was corrupt and incapable of defending containment on its own.”

[7] Moyar, Mark (2006). „Chapter 8: The Battle of Ap Bac”. Triumph forsaken: the Vietnam war, 1954-1965 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Cambridge University Press. str. 186. ISBN 978-0-521-86911-9. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „Just before the new year began, a specially-equipped American airplane traced Viet Cong radio signals to the hamlet of Tan Thoi in Dinh Tuong province, the province where the ARVN 7th Division was headquartered.”

[8] Dunstan, Simon (2003). „Viet Cong Counter-Measures”. Vietnam choppers: helicopters in battle 1950-75 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). Osprey Publishing. str. 29. ISBN 978-1-84176-796-3. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „On 2 January elements of the ARVN 7th Division including a company of M-113 APCs, were ordered to assault the hamlet of Ap Tan Thoi in Din Thuong Province, on the edge of Plain of Reeds about thirty-five miles southwest of Saigon.”

[9] Elliott, David (2007). „Chapter 9: The Battle of Ap Bac in January 1963”. The Vietnamese war: revolution and social change in the Mekong Delta, 1930-1975 (na jeziku: (jezik: engleski)). M.E. Sharpe. str. 180. ISBN 978-0-7656-0603-7. Pristupljeno 17. 10. 2010. „At the time of the confrontation between revolutionary and Saigon forces at the hamlet of Ap Bac in January 1963, the 514th Battalion had not fully recovered from its 1962 setbacks.”

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