Vilijam Džejms
Vilijam Džejms (engl. William James; Njujork, 11. januar 1842 — Čokorua, 26. avgust 1910) je bio pionir američke filozofije i psihologije, i prvi obrazovni radnik koji je ponudio kurs psihologije u Sjedinjenim Državama.[2] Džejms se smatra vodećim misliocem s kraja devetnaestog veka, jednim od najuticajnijih filozofa Sjedinjenih Država i „ocem američke psihologije“.[3][4][5]
Vilijam Džejms | |
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Lični podaci | |
Datum rođenja | 11. januar 1842. |
Mesto rođenja | Njujork, Njujork, SAD |
Datum smrti | 26. avgust 1910.68 god.) ( |
Mesto smrti | Čokorua, Nju Hempšir, SAD |
Obrazovanje | Harvardska medicinska škola[1] |
Filozofski rad | |
Epoha | Filozofija 19./20. veka |
Regija | Zapadna psihologija i filozofija |
Škola filozofije | Pragmatizam |
Interesovanja | Pragmatizam Psihologija Filozofija religije Epistemologija Značenje |
Uticaji od | Blez Paskal, Ralf Valdo Emerson |
Zajedno sa Čarlsom Sandersom Pirsom, Džejms je osnovao filozofsku školu poznatu kao pragmatizam, a takođe se navodi i kao jedan od osnivača funkcionalne psihologije. Pregled analize opšte psihologije, objavljen 2002. godine, svrstao je Džejmsa kao 14. najeminentnijeg psihologa 20. veka.[6] Istraživanje objavljeno u časopisu Američki Psiholog 1991. godine rangiralo je Džejmsovu reputaciju na drugo mesto,[7] nakon Vilhelma Vundta, koji se smatra osnivačem eksperimentalne psihologije.[8][9] Džejms je takođe razvio filozofsku perspektivu poznatu kao radikalni empirizam. Džejmsov rad uticao je na filozofe i akademike kao što su Emil Dirkem, Vilijam Edvard Bergart, Edmund Huserl, Bertrand Rasel, Ludvig Vitgenštajn, Hilari Patnam, Ričard Rorti i Merilin Robinson.[10]
Džejms je rođen u bogatoj porodici, sin švedborgijskog teologa Henrija Džejmsa starijeg i brat istaknutog romanopisca Henrija Džejmsa i pisca dnevnika Alis Džejms. Džejms se školovao za lekara i predavao anatomiju na Harvardu, ali se nikada nije bavio medicinom. Umesto toga, on se bavio psihologijom, a zatim filozofijom. Džejms je široko pisao o mnogim temama, uključujući epistemologiju, obrazovanje, metafiziku, psihologiju, religiju i mistiku. Među njegovim najuticajnijim knjigama su Principi psihologije, revolucionarni tekst na polju psihologije; Eseji iz radikalnog empirizma, važan tekst u filozofiji; i Varijeteti religioznog iskustva, istraživanje različitih oblika religijskog iskustva, uključujući teorije o lečenju uma.[11]
Biografija uredi
Rođen je kao najstarije od petero dece. Njegov brat Henri postao je jedan od svetskih romanopisaca, a sestra Alis čuvena je po svojim dnevnicima.
Sa 18 godina, studirao je godinu dana umetnost, zatim hemiju, da bi dve godine posle prešao na medicinu i diplomirao 1869. godine.
Godine 1885. postao je profesor filozofije.
Predavao je fiziologiju, anatomiju, filozofiju i psihologiju na univerzitetu Harvard. Osnivač je pragmatizma, po kojem je osnovni kriterijum spoznaje njegova praktična vrednost. Psihički život posmatrao je kao neprekidan tok misli. Izneo je vlastite poglede o pamćenju i osećajima. Jedan je od utemeljitelja američke naučne psihologije. Njegova "Hačela psihologije" smatraju se još uvek najboljim udžbenikom, a osim te knjige najpoznatiji je po svojoj teoriji emocija.
Glavna dela uredi
- The Principles of Psychology, 2 vols. (1890), Dover Publications 1950, vol. 1: ISBN 0-486-20381-6, vol. 2: ISBN 0-486-20382-4
- Psychology (Briefer Course) (1892), University of Notre Dame Press 1985: ISBN 0-268-01557-0, Dover Publications 2001: ISBN 0-486-41604-6
- Is Life Worth Living? Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (14. јануар 2020) (1895), the seminal lecture delivered at Harvard on April 15, 1895
- The Will to Believe, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (1897)
- Human Immortality: Two Supposed Objections to the Doctrine (the Ingersoll Lecture, 1897)
- The Will to Believe, Human Immortality (1956) Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-20291-7
- Talks to Teachers on Psychology: and to Students on Some of Life's Ideals (1899), Dover Publications 2001: ISBN 0-486-41964-9, IndyPublish.com 2005: ISBN 1-4219-5806-6
- The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature (1902), ISBN 0-14-039034-0
- Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (1907), Hackett Publishing 1981: ISBN 0-915145-05-7, Dover 1995: ISBN 0-486-28270-8
- A Pluralistic Universe (1909), Hibbert Lectures, University of Nebraska Press 1996: ISBN 0-8032-7591-9
- The Meaning of Truth: A Sequel to "Pragmatism" (1909), Prometheus Books, 1997: ISBN 1-57392-138-6
- Some Problems of Philosophy: A Beginning of an Introduction to Philosophy (1911), University of Nebraska Press 1996: ISBN 0-8032-7587-0
- Memories and Studies (1911), Reprint Services Corp: 1992: ISBN 0-7812-3481-6
- Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912), Dover Publications 2003, ISBN 0-486-43094-4
- critical edition, Frederick Burkhardt and Fredson Bowers, editors. Harvard University Press 1976: ISBN 0-674-26717-6 (includes commentary, notes, enumerated emendations, appendices with English translation of "La Notion de Conscience")
- Letters of William James, 2 vols. (1920)
- Collected Essays and Reviews (1920)
- Ralph Barton Perry, The Thought and Character of William James, 2 vols. (1935), Vanderbilt University Press 1996 reprint: ISBN 0-8265-1279-8 (contains some 500 letters by William James not found in the earlier edition of the Letters of William James)
- William James on Psychical Research (1960)
- The Correspondence of William James, 12 vols. (1992–2004) University of Virginia Press, ISBN 0-8139-2318-2
- "The Dilemma of Determinism"
- William James on Habit, Will, Truth, and the Meaning of Life, James Sloan Allen, ed. Frederic C. Beil, Publisher, ISBN 978-1-929490-45-5
Kolekcije uredi
- William James: Writings 1878–1899 (1992). Library of America, 1212 p., ISBN 978-0-940450-72-1
- Psychology: Briefer Course (rev. and condensed Principles of Psychology), The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy, Talks to Teachers and Students, Essays (nine others)
- William James: Writings 1902–1910 (1987). Library of America, 1379 p., ISBN 978-0-940450-38-7
- The Varieties of Religious Experience, Pragmatism, A Pluralistic Universe, The Meaning of Truth, Some Problems of Philosophy, Essays
- The Writings of William James: A Comprehensive Edition (1978). University of Chicago Press, 912 pp., ISBN 0-226-39188-4
- Pragmatism, Essays in Radical Empiricism, and A Pluralistic Universe complete; plus selections from other works
- In 1975, Harvard University Press began publication of a standard edition of The Works of William James.
Reference uredi
- ^ Goodman, Russell (20. 10. 2019). „William James”. Ur.: Zalta, Edward N. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Pristupljeno 2. 6. 2019.
- ^ T.L. Brink (2008) Psychology: A Student Friendly Approach. "Unit One: The Definition and History of Psychology". p. 10
- ^ „William James: Writings 1878–1899”. The Library of America. 1. 6. 1992. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2013.
- ^ „William James: Writings 1902–1910”. The Library of America. 1. 2. 1987. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2013.
- ^ Dr. Megan E. Bradley. „William James”. PSYography. Faculty.frostburg.edu. Arhivirano iz originala 24. 11. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2013.
- ^ Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; et al. (2002). „The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century”. Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139—152. S2CID 145668721. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139.
- ^ J. H. Korn, R. Davis, S. F. Davis: "Historians' and chairpersons' judgements of eminence among psychologists". American Psychologist, 1991, Volume 46, pp. 789–792.
- ^ "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt" in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- ^ Tom Butler-Bowdon: 50 Psychology Classics. Nicholas Brealey Publishing 2007. Butler-Bowdon, Tom (7. 12. 2010). 50 Psychology Classics: Who We Are, How We Think, What We do: Insight and Inspiration from 50 Key Books. Nicholas Brealey. str. 2. ISBN 978-1857884739. .
- ^ „William James”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), Stanford University. Pristupljeno 21. 9. 2013.
- ^ James, William (2009). The Varieties of Religious Experience. The Library of America. str. 74—120. ISBN 978-1-59853-062-9.
Literatura uredi
- Essays Philosophical and Psychological in Honor of William James, by his Colleagues at Columbia University (London, 1908)
- James Sloan Allen, ed., William James on Habit, Will, Truth, and the Meaning of Life (2014). Frederic C. Beil, Publisher, ISBN 978-1-929490-45-5
- Margo Bistis, "Remnant of the Future: William James' Automated Utopia", in Norman M. Klein and Margo Bistis, The Imaginary 20th Century (Karlsruhe: ZKM, 2016).
- Émile Boutroux, William James (New York, 1912)
- Werner Bloch, Der Pragmatismus von James und Schiller nebst Exkursen über Weltanschauung und über die Hypothese (Leipzig, 1913)
- K. A. Busch, William James als Religionsphilosoph (Göttingen, 1911)
- Jacques Barzun. A Stroll with William James (1983). Harper and Row: ISBN 0-226-03869-6
- Deborah Blum. Ghost Hunters: William James and the Search for Scientific Proof of Life After Death (2006). Penguin Press, ISBN 1-59420-090-4
- Wesley Cooper. The Unity of William James's Thought (2002). Vanderbilt University Press, ISBN 0-8265-1387-5
- Howard M. Feinstein. Becoming William James (1984). Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-8642-5
- Théodore Flournoy, La Philosophie de William James (Saint-Blaise, 1911)
- Sergio Franzese, The Ethics of Energy. William James's Moral Philosophy in Focus, Ontos Verlag, 2008
- Sergio Franzese & Felicitas Krämer (eds.), Fringes of Religious Experience. Cross-perspectives on William James's Varieties of Religious Experience, Frankfurt / Lancaster, ontos verlag, Process Thought XII, 2007
- Peter Hare, Michel Weber, James K. Swindler, Oana-Maria Pastae, Cerasel Cuteanu (eds.), International Perspectives on Pragmatism, Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009
- James Huneker, "A Philosophy for Philistines" in his The Pathos of Distance (New York, 1913)
- Henry James, A Small Boy and Others (1913) and Notes of a Son and Brother (1914)
- Amy Kittelstrom, The Religion of Democracy: Seven Liberals and the American Moral Tradition. New York: Penguin, 2015.
- H. V. Knox, Philosophy of William James (London, 1914)
- R. W. B. Lewis The Jameses: A Family Narrative (1991) Farrar, Straus & Giroux
- Louis Menand. The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America (2001). Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, ISBN 0-374-52849-7.
- Ménard, Analyse et critique des principes de la psychologie de W. James (Paris, 1911) analyzes the lives and relationship between James, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., Charles Sanders Peirce, and John Dewey.
- Gerald E. Myers. William James: His Life and Thought (1986). Yale University Press, 2001, paperback: ISBN 0-300-08917-1. Focuses on his psychology; includes 230 pages of notes.
- Giuseppe Sergi L'origine dei fenomeni psichici e loro significazione biologica, Milano, Fratelli Dumolard, 1885.
- Giuseppe Sergi Principi di Psicologie: Dolore e Piacere; Storia Naturale dei Sentimenti, Milano, Fratelli Dumolard, 1894.
- James Pawelski. The Dynamic Individualism of William James (2007). SUNY press, ISBN 0-7914-7239-6.
- R. B. Perry, Present Philosophical Tendencies (New York, 1912)
- Robert D. Richardson. William James: In the Maelstrom of American Modernism (2006). Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-618-43325-2
- Robert D. Richardson, ed. The Heart of William James (2010). Harvard U. Press, ISBN 978-0-674-05561-2
- Jane Roberts. The Afterdeath Journal of an American Philosopher: The View of William James (1978. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-018515-9.)
- Josiah Royce, William James and Other Essays on the Philosophy of Life (New York, 1911)
- J. Michael Tilley, "William James: Living Forward and the Development of Radical Empiricism," In Kierkegaard's Influence on Philosophy: Anglophone Philosophy, edited by Jon Stewart, 2012, Ashgate Publishing, 87–98.
- Linda Simon. Genuine Reality: A Life of William James (1998). Harcourt Brace & Company, ISBN 0-226-75859-1
- Michel Weber. Whitehead's Pancreativism. Jamesian Applications. Ontos Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-386838-103-0
- Michel Weber, "On Religiousness and Religion. Huxley's Reading of Whitehead's Religion in the Making in the Light of James' Varieties of Religious Experience", Jerome Meckier and Bernfried Nugel (eds.), Aldous Huxley Annual. A Journal of Twentieth-Century Thought and Beyond, Volume 5, Münster, LIT Verlag, March 2005, pp. 117–32.
- Michel Weber, "James's Mystical Body in the Light of the Transmarginal Field of Consciousness", in Sergio Franzese & Felicitas Krämer (eds.), Fringes of Religious Experience. Cross-perspectives on William James's Varieties of Religious Experience, Frankfurt / Lancaster, Ontos Verlag, Process Thought XII, 2007, pp. 7–37.
- Wiseman, R. (2012). Rip it up: The radically new approach to changing your life. London, UK: Macmillan
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- William James Society
- Emory University: William James – major collection of essays and works online
- William James correspondence from the Historic Psychiatry Collection, Menninger Archives, Kansas Historical Society
- Harvard University: Life is in the Transitions: William James, 1842–1910 – online exhibition from Houghton Library
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William James
- William James on Information Philosopher
- Booknotes interview with Linda Simon on Genuine Reality: A Life of William James, June 7, 1998
- William James: Looking for a Way Out
- New York Times obituary
- Works by William James at Project Gutenberg