Википедија

Dinastija Ljao

Dinastija Ljao (kineski jezik: 遼朝, tradicionalno kinesko pismo:辽朝);[1] takođe poznata i kao Kitansko Carstvo (kineski: 契丹國, Qìdān Guó; kitanski: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur),[2] bila je država u istočnoj Aziji koja je kao carstvo vladala Mongolijom, kao i delovima današnjeg Kazahstana, ruskog Dalekog istoka i severne Kine između 907.[3][4] i 1125. Osnovao ju je kitanski veliki kan Tai-cu u vreme kolapsa kineske carske dinastije Tang.

Teritorije dinastije Ljao godine 1111. (roze)

Dinastija je nastala iz konsolidacije moći među Kidanima u 8. veku i njihovih ekspanzionističkih kampanja u drugoj polovini 9. veka. Na kraju je poglavar Jila, Abaođi, postao vođa Kitana i proglasio dinastičku državu u kineskom stilu 916. Dinastija Ljao je pokrenula više vojnih kampanja protiv susednih država i naroda, uključujući Kumo Si, Šivej, Tatare, Zubu, Kongirad, Balhoj , Korjo, Kasniji Tang i dinastija Sung. Njena osvajanja obuhvataju šesnaest prefektura (uključujući današnji Peking i deo Hebeja) podsticanjem proksi rata koji je doveo do kolapsa kasnijeg Tanga (923–936). Godine 1004, dinastija Ljao je pokrenula ekspediciju protiv dinastije Severni Sung. Nakon teških borbi i velikih žrtava između dva carstva, strane su sklopile Čanjuanski sporazum. Kroz sporazum, dinastija Ljao je primorala Severni Sung da ih prizna kao pandane i najavila eru mira i stabilnosti između dve sile koja je trajala oko 120 godina. To je bila prva država koja je kontrolisala čitavu Mandžuriju.[5]

Ljao Carstvo je uništila dinastija Đin 1125 godine. Delovi kitanskog naroda pod vodstvom Jeli Dašija su prebegli i osnovali dinastiju Zapadni Sja, takođe poznatu i kao Kara-Kitanski Kanat. Ona je stekla značajan uticaj na Centralnu Aziju i održala se sve do mongolske invazije pod Džingis Kanom 1220.

Dinastija Ljao uredi

Kineski: 辽朝 (Liáocháo)


Na vlasti od 907. do 1125. godine.

Posthumno ime Hramovno ime Lično ime1 Vladarsko ime Period vladavine
Konvencija za navođenje: hramovno ime.
Car Lije-tijen
烈天皇帝 (Liètiān huángdì) 		Tai-cu
太祖 (Tàizǔ) 		Je-li A-bao-đi
耶律阿保机 (Yēlǜ Ābǎojī) 		bez imena
Šen-c’ (神册)
Tijen-can (天赞)
Tijen-sjen (天显) 		907—916
916—922
922—926
926
Car Hui-ven
惠文皇帝 (Huìwén huángdì) 		Tai-cung
太宗 (Tàizōng) 		Je-li Jao-gu
耶律尧骨 (Yēlǜ Yáogǔ) 		Tijen-sjen (天显)
Hui-tung (会同)
Da-tung (大同) 		926—938
938—947
947
Car Džuang-sjen
庄宪皇帝 (Zhuāngxiàn huángdì) 		Š’-cung
世宗 (Shìzōng) 		Je-li Vu-ji
耶律兀欲 (Yēlǜ Wùyù) 		Tijen-lu (天禄) 947—951
Car Đing-dženg
敬正皇帝 (Jìngzhèng huángdì) 		Mu-cung
穆宗 (Mùzōng) 		Je-li Šu-li
耶律述律 (Yēlǜ Shùlǜ) 		Jing-li (应历) 951—969
Car Kang-đing
康靖皇帝 (Kāngjìng huángdì) 		Đing-cung
景宗 (Jǐngzōng) 		Je-li Ming-ji
耶律明扆 (Yēlǜ Míngyǐ) 		Bao-ning (保宁)
Ćijen-heng (乾亨) 		969—979
979—982
Car Sjao-sjuen
孝宣皇帝 (Xiàoxuān huángdì) 		Šeng-cung
圣宗 (Shèngzōng) 		Je-li Ven-šu-nu
耶律文殊奴 (Yēlǜ Wénshūnú) 		Ćijen-heng (乾亨)
Tung-h’ (统和)
Kai-tai (开泰)
Tai-ping (太平) 		982
983—1012
1012—1021
1021—1031
Car Sjao-džang
孝章皇帝 (Xiàozhāng huángdì) 		Sjing-cung
兴宗 (Xìngzōng) 		Je-li Dž’-gu
耶律只骨 (Yēlǜ Zhīgǔ) 		Đing-fu (景福)
Čung-sji (重熙) 		1031—1032
1032—1055
Car Sjao-ven
孝文皇帝 (Xiàowén huángdì) 		Dao-cung
道宗 (Dàozōng) 		Je-li Dža-la
耶律查剌 (Yēlǜ Zhālà) 		Ćing-ning (清宁)
Sjen-jung (咸雍)
Tai-kang (太康)
Da-an (大安)
Šou-čang (寿昌) 		1055—1064
1065—1074
1075—1084
1085—1094
1095—1101
Car Tijen-cuo
天祚皇帝 (Tiānzuò huángdì) 		nema Je-li A-guo
耶律阿果 (Yēlǜ Āguǒ) 		Ćijen-tung (乾统)
Tijen-ćing (天庆)
Bao-da (保大) 		1101—1110
1111—1120
1121—1125
1. Vladarska kuća dinastije Ljao nije pripadala nacionalnosti Han, nego danas izumrloj proto-mongolskoj etničkoj grupi Kitan (kin. 契丹, Qìdān) sa područja Mandžurije. U tabeli su data njihova kitanska lična imena. Kineska imena koja su koristili data su u članku o ovoj dinastiji.

Reference uredi

  1. ^ „The State Name of the Liao Dynasty was not “Qara Khitai (Liao Khitai )”: with Presumptions of Phonetic Values of Khitai Large Script  and Khitai Small Script  (遼朝國號非「哈喇契丹(遼契丹)」考：兼擬契丹大字及契丹小字的音値)” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 27. 9. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2012. 
  2. ^ „Original Meaning of Dan gur in the Khitai Scripts: with a Discussion of the State Name of the Dongdanguo (契丹文dan gur與「東丹國」國號：兼評劉浦江「再談“東丹國”國号問題」)” (PDF). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 27. 9. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 4. 2. 2012. 
  3. ^ Turchin, Adams, and Hall (2006), 222.
  4. ^ Rein Taagepera (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia". International Studies Quarterly 41 (3): 475–504.
  5. ^ Hudson, Mark James (1999). Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0824821562 — preko Google Books. 

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Spoljašnje veze uredi

 
Dinastija Ljao na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
Preuzeto iz „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Династија_Љао&oldid=27750570”