Karl Bart
- Za druga značenja, pogledajte Bart.
Karl Bart (nem. Karl Barth;[1] Bazel, 10. maj 1886 — Bazel, 10. decembar 1968) bio je švajcarski matematičar i protestantski teolog. Bart je najpoznatiji po svom komentaru Poslanica Rimljanima, njegovoj umešanosti u crkvu koja ispoveda, uključujući njegovo autorstvo Barmenove deklaracije,[2][3] i posebno po svom nedovršenom višetomnom teološkom sažetku Crkvena dogmatika[4] (objavljenom između 1932–1967).[5][6] Bartov uticaj se proširio daleko izvan akademskog domena na matičnu kulturu, što ga je dovelo do toga da se pojavi na naslovnoj strani Tajma 20. aprila 1962. godine.[7]
Karl Bart | |
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Lični podaci | |
Datum rođenja | 10. maj 1886. |
Mesto rođenja | Bazel, Švajcarska |
Datum smrti | 10. decembar 1968.82 god.) ( |
Mesto smrti | Bazel, Švajcarska |
Naučni rad | |
Polje | matematika |
Kao i mnogi protestantski teolozi njegove generacije, Bart je bio obrazovan u liberalnoj teologiji pod uticajem Adolfa fon Harnaka, Fridriha Šlajermahera i drugih.[8] Njegova pastoralna karijera započela je u ruralnom švajcarskom gradu Safenvilu, gde je bio poznat kao „Crveni pastor iz Safenvila“.[9] Tamo je postajao sve više razočaran liberalnim hrišćanstvom u kojem je bio obučen. To ga je navelo da napiše prvo izdanje svoje Poslanice Rimljanima (poznatoj kao Rimljani I), objavljene 1919. godine, u kojoj je odlučio da Novi zavet čita drugačije.
Bart je počeo da stiče značajno priznanje širom sveta objavljivanjem drugog izdanja svog komentara, Poslanice Rimljanima, 1921. godine, u kojem je otvoreno odstupio od liberalne teologije.[10]
Uticao je na mnoge značajne teologe poput Ditriha Bonhefera koji je podržavao ispovedajuću crkvu, i Jirgena Moltmana, Helmuta Golvicera, Džejmsa H. Kona, Volfarta Panenberga, Rudolfa Bultmana, Tomasa F. Toransa, Hansa Kinga, kao i Rajnholda Nibura, Žaka Elula i romanopisce kao što su Flaneri O'Konor, Džon Apdajk i Mikloš Sentkuti.
Između mnogih drugih oblasti, Bart je takođe imao dubok uticaj na modernu hrišćansku etiku,[11][12][13][14] utičući na rad etičara kao što su Stenli Hauervas, Džon Hauard Joder, Žak Elul i Oliver O'Donovan.[11][15][16]
Mladost i školovanje uredi
Otac mu je bio profesor Novog zaveta na teološkom fakultetu u Bernu. Posle studija u Bernu, Berlinu, Tibingenu i Marburgu stupio je na svešteničku dužnost u Ženevi (1909—1911) gde je proveo narednih deset godina.
Nauka uredi
Karl Bat je sarađivao sa Fredrikom Tejlorom i veoma dobro upoznao osnove njegove filozofije naučnog upravljanja. Nešto kasnije je uveo sistem naučnog upravljanja u Franklin Motor Car Company (1908—1912). Efekti su bili iznenađujući – podigao je proizvodnju za više od deset puta. Bart je predavao naučno upravljanje na univerzitetima u Čikagu i na Harvardu u periodu od 1911 — 1922. godine. Zvali su ga „ortodoksni predstavnik naučnog upravljanja“, pošto je bio usko orijentisan samo na neke, pre svega matematičke aspekte menadžmenta.
Karijera i doba rata uredi
Suočen sa ratnim zbivanjima od 1914 — 1918. g. pristupio je radikalnom preispitivanju teoloških načela i izložio ih u delu Der Romerbrief (1919). Po dolasku Hitlera na vlast i početka Crkvene borbe (1933), B. je “zalutao” u konfesionalnu Crkvu. Bio je jedan od sastavljača Bremenske deklacije iz 1934. g. po pitanju konfesionalne Crkve. Napao je nacizam iako je ispovedanje vere bilo slobodno - čovek nije mogao da ostane nezainteresovan u takvim okolnostima. Odbivši da položi zakletvu o vernosti pred Hitlerom, ostao je bez svoje funkcije posle čega je napustio Nemačku, a 1935. postao je profesor teologije u Bazelu. 1939. Oduzeta mu je doktorska titula u Minsteru .
Učenje uredi
Njegovo interesovanje najviše su zaokupljale teme o odnosu moderne filozofije religije prema nauci, kulturi, umetnosti, kao i njenim simpatijama prema misticizmu. Zbog toga je mislio da je potrebno filozofiju religije i samu religiju vratiti na postulate Reformacije. Trebalo je vratiti se na učenje biblijskih proroka, čiji su najverniji interpretatori bili teolozi Reformacije, po B, mišljenju. Na njega su uticali Kjerkegor, Dostojevski, Overbek. Od Pada pa naovamo, po Bartovom mišljenju, čitav čovekov život je grešan, njegovi intelektualni, moralni i emocionalni kapaciteti iskvareni, tako da u takvom društvu filozofski sistemi kao što su Šlajermaherov ili Hegelov nisu primenljivi. Ostavio je veliki uticaj na britansku teologiju 30-ih godina. Neki ga smatraju najvećim protestantskim teologom XX v.
Dela uredi
- The Epistle to the Romans (Der Römerbrief I, 1st ed., 1919)
- The Epistle to the Romans (Der Römerbrief. Zweite Fassung, 1922). E. C. Hoskyns, trans. London: Oxford University Press, 1933, 1968 ISBN 0-19-500294-6
- The Word of God and The Word of Man (Das Wort Gottes und die Theologie, 1928). New York: Harper & Bros, 1957. ISBN 978-0-8446-1599-8; The Word of God and Theology. Amy Marga, trans. New York: T & T Clark, 2011.
- Preaching Through the Christian Year. H. Wells and J. McTavish, eds. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1978. ISBN 0-8028-1725-4
- God Here and Now. London: Routledge, 1964.
- Fides Quaerens Intellectum: Anselm's Proof of the Existence of God in the Context of His Theological Scheme (written in 1931). I. W. Robertson, trans. London: SCM, 1960; reprinted by Pickwick Publications (1985) ISBN 0-915138-75-1
- Church and State. G.R. Howe, trans. London: SCM, 1939.
- The Church and the War. A. H. Froendt, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1944.
- Prayer according to the Catechisms of the Reformation. S.F. Terrien, trans. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1952 (Also published as: Prayer and Preaching. London: SCM, 1964).
- The Humanity of God, J.N. Thomas and T. Wieser, trans. Richmond, VA: John Knox Press, 1960. ISBN 0-8042-0612-0
- Evangelical Theology: An Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1963.
- The Christian Life. Church Dogmatics IV/4: Lecture Fragments. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1981. ISBN 0-567-09320-4, ISBN 0-8028-3523-6
- The Word in this World: Two Sermons by Karl Barth. Edited by Kurt I. Johanson. Regent Publishing (Vancouver, BC, Canada): 2007
- "No Angels of Darkness and Light," The Christian Century, 20 January 1960, p. 72 (reprinted in Contemporary Moral Issues. H. K. Girvetz, ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1963. pp. 6–8).
- The Göttingen Dogmatics: Instruction in the Christian Religion, vol. 1. G.W. Bromiley, trans. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991. ISBN 0-8028-2421-8
- Dogmatics in Outline (1947 lectures), Harper Perennial, 1959, ISBN 0-06-130056-X
- A Unique Time of God: Karl Barth's WWI Sermons, William Klempa, editor. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
- On Religion. Edited and translated by Garrett Green. London: T & T Clark, 2006.
Crkvena dogmatika u prevodu na engleski uredi
- Volume I Part 1: Doctrine of the Word of God: Prolegomena to Church Dogmatics, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09013-2, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05059-9 (German: 1932)
- Volume I Part 2: Doctrine of the Word of God, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09012-4, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05069-6 (German: 1938)
- Volume II Part 1: The Doctrine of God: The Knowledge of God; The Reality of God, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09021-3, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05169-2 (German: 1940)
- Volume II Part 2: The Doctrine of God: The Election of God; The Command of God, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09022-1, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05179-X (German: 1942)
- Volume III Part 1: The Doctrine of Creation: The Work of Creation, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09031-0, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05079-3 (German: 1945)
- Volume III Part 2: The Doctrine of Creation: The Creature, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09032-9, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05089-0 (German: 1948)
- Volume III Part 3: The Doctrine of Creation: The Creator and His Creature, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09033-7, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05099-8 (German: 1950)
- Volume III Part 4: The Doctrine of Creation: The Command of God the Creator, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09034-5, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05109-9 (German: 1951)
- Volume IV Part 1: The Doctrine of Reconciliation, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09041-8, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05129-3 (German: 1953)
- Volume IV Part 2: Doctrine of Reconciliation: Jesus Christ the Servant As Lord, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09042-6, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05139-0 (German: 1955)
- Volume IV Part 3, first half: Doctrine of Reconciliation: Jesus Christ the True Witness, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09043-4, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05189-7 (German: 1959)
- Volume IV Part 3, second half: Doctrine of Reconciliation: Jesus Christ the True Witness, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09044-2, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05149-8 (German: 1959)
- Volume IV Part 4 (unfinished): Doctrine of Reconciliation: The Foundation of the Christian Life (Baptism), hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09045-0, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05159-5 (German: 1967)
- Volume V: Church Dogmatics: Contents and Indexes, hardcover: ISBN 0-567-09046-9, softcover: ISBN 0-567-05119-6
- Church Dogmatics, 14 volume set, softcover, ISBN 0-567-05809-3
- Church Dogmatics: A Selection, with intro. by H. Gollwitzer, 1961, Westminster John Knox Press 1994, ISBN 0-664-25550-7
- Church Dogmatics, dual language German and English, books with CD-ROM, ISBN 0-567-08374-8
- Church Dogmatics, dual language German and English, CD-ROM only, ISBN 0-567-08364-0
Audio uredi
- Evangelical Theology, American lectures 1962 – given by Barth in Chicago, Illinois and Princeton, New Jersey, ISBN 978-0-9785738-0-5 and ISBN 0-9785738-0-3
Vidi još uredi
Reference uredi
- ^ "Barth". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (4. 4. 2018). „Karl Barth and the Barmen Declaration (1934)”. The PostBarthian. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2019.
- ^ „Karl Barth – Christian History”.
- ^ „The Life of Karl Barth: Church Dogmatics Vol IV: The Doctrine of Reconciliation 1953–1967 (Part 7)”. The PostBarthian (na jeziku: engleski). 5. 4. 2019. Pristupljeno 5. 4. 2019.
- ^ Name (Boston Collaborative Encyclopedia of Western Theology). People.bu.edu. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (21. 4. 2016). „Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics Original Publication Dates”. The PostBarthian. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2019.
- ^ „Theologian Karl Barth”, Time, 20. 4. 1962, Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2019
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (18. 4. 2018). „The Life of Karl Barth: Early Life from Basel to Geneva 1886–1913 (Part 1)”. The PostBarthian. Pristupljeno 23. 1. 2021.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (3. 10. 2017). „The Romans commentary by the Red Pastor of Safenwil: Karl Barth's Epistle to the Romans”. The PostBarthian. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2019.
- ^ Houtz, Wyatt (18. 4. 2018). „The Life of Karl Barth: Early Life from Basel to Geneva 1886–1913 (Part 2)”. The PostBarthian. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2019.
- ^ a b Parsons, Michael (1987). „Man Encountered by the Command of God: the Ethics of Karl Barth” (PDF). Vox Evangelica. 17: 48—65. Pristupljeno 17. 11. 2012.
- ^ Daniel L. Migliore (15. 8. 2010). Commanding Grace: Studies in Karl Barth's Ethics. W.B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-6570-0.
- ^ Matthew J. Aragon-Bruce. Ethics in Crisis: Interpreting Barth's Ethics (book review) Princeton Seminary Library. Retrieved on 15 July 2012. Arhivirano 9 jun 2010 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- ^ Oxford University Press: The Hastening that Waits: Nigel Biggar Arhivirano 20 novembar 2012 na sajtu Wayback Machine. Oup.com. Retrieved on 15 July 2012.
- ^ Journal – The Influence of Karl Barth on Christian Ethics. www.kevintaylor.me (7 April 2011). Retrieved on 15 July 2012. Arhivirano 23 oktobar 2011 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- ^ Choi Lim Ming, Andrew (2003). A Study on Jacques Ellul's Dialectical Approach to the Modern and Spiritual World. wordpress.com
Literatura uredi
- R.B. Ho le, The Teaching of Karl Barth, 1930; J. MacConnachie, The Significanse of Karl Barth, 1931.
- „Witness to an Ancient Truth”. Time. 20. 4. 1962. Arhivirano iz originala 6. 7. 2007. g. Pristupljeno 17. 11. 2012.
- Bradshaw, Timothy. 1988. Trinity and Ontology: A Comparative Study of the Theologies of Karl Barth and Wolfhart Pannenberg. Rutherford House Books, reprint, Lewiston; Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press for Rutherford House, Edinburgh, 1992.
- Braaten, Carl E. (2008). That All May Believe: A Theology of the Gospel and the Mission of the Church. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802862396. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2015.
- Bromiley, Geoffrey William. An introduction to the theology of Karl Barth. Grand Rapids, Mich. : William B. Eerdmans, 1979.
- Buclin, Hadrien, Entre culture du consensus et critique sociale. Les intellectuels de gauche dans la Suisse de l'après-guerre, Thèse de doctorat, Université de Lausanne, 2015.
- Busch, Eberhard. Karl Barth: His Life from Letters and Autobiographical Texts. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1976.
- ——— (2004), The Great Passion: An Introduction to Karl Barth's Theology, Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans.
- Chung, Paul S. Karl Barth: God's Word in Action. James Clarke & Co, Cambridge (2008), ISBN 978-0-227-17266-7.
- Chung, Sung Wook. Admiration and Challenge: Karl Barth's Theological Relationship with John Calvin. New York: Peter Lang, 2002. ISBN 978-0-820-45680-5.
- Chung, Sung Wook, ed. Karl Barth and Evangelical Theology: Convergences and Divergences. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008.ISBN 978-0-801-03127-4.
- Clark, Gordon. Karl Barth's Theological Method. Trinity Foundation (1997, 2nd ed.), 1963. ISBN 0-940931-51-6.
- Fiddes, Paul. 'The status of women in the thought of Karl Barth', in Janet Martin Soskice, ed., After Eve [alternative title After Eve: women, theology and the Christian tradition], 1990, pp. 138–55. Marshall Pickering
- Fink, Heinrich. "Karl Barth und die Bewegung Freies Deutschland in der Schweiz." [Doctoral dissertation.] "Karl Barth und die Bewegung Freies Deutschland in der Schweiz : Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor scientiae theologiae (Dr.sc.theol.), vorgelegt dem Senat des Wissenschaftlichen Rates der Humboldt-Universitaaet zu Berlin." Berlin, H. Fink [Selfpublisher], 1978.
- Galli, Mark (2000). "Neo-Orthodoxy: Karl Barth". Christianity Today.
- Gherardini, Brunero. "A domanda risponde. In dialogo con Karl Barth sulle sue 'Domande a Roma' (A Question Answered. In Dialogue with Karl Barth on His 'Questions in Rome')". Frigento (Italy): Casa Mariana Editrice, 2011. ISBN 978-88-9056-111-5.
- Gignilliat, Mark S (2009). Karl Barth and the Fifth Gospel: Barth's Theological Exegesis of Isaiah. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0754658566. Pristupljeno 19. 10. 2015.
- Gorringe, Timothy. Karl Barth: Against Hegemony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
- Hunsinger, George. How to Read Karl Barth: The Shape of His Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Jae Jin Kim. Die Universalitaet der Versoehnung im Gottesbund. Zur biblischen Begruendung der Bundestheologie in der kirchlichen Dogmatik Karl Barths, Lit Verlag, 1992.
- Mangina, Joseph L. Karl Barth: Theologian of Christian Witness. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2004.
- McCormack, Bruce. Karl Barth's Critically Realistic Dialectical Theology: Its Genesis and Development, 1909–1936. Oxford University Press, USA (27 March 1997), ISBN 978-0-19-826956-4
- McKenny, Gerald. "The Analogy of Grace: Karl Barth's Moral Theology." Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 0-19-958267-X.
- Oakes, Kenneth. Karl Barth on Theology and Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
- Oakes, Kenneth. Reading Karl Barth: A Companion to Karl Barth's Epistle to the Romans. Eugene: Cascade, 2011.
- Webster, John. Barth. 2nd ed., London: Continuum, 2004.
- Webster, John, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Karl Barth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
- „Top Ten Theologians: Karl Barth”, Reclaiming the mind, Parchment & Pen, avgust 2011, Arhivirano iz originala 15. 12. 2018. g., Pristupljeno 02. 08. 2022
- The Center for Barth Studies, Princeton Theological Seminary, Arhivirano iz originala 25. 1. 2013. g.
- Barth Literature Search Project, NL: PTHU, Arhivirano iz originala 2. 3. 2012. g. . Complete bibliography of literature by and about Karl Barth.
- Karl Barth Reading Room, with extensive links to on-line primary and secondary sources, CA: Tyndale Seminary
- „Karl Barth”. Time. 20. 4. 1962. Arhivirano iz originala 1. 3. 2005. g.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- Karl Barth-Archiv
- Primer on Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics
- One Year With Karl Barth A year-long project promoting discussion and application of Barth's Church Dogmatics.
- Article on Barth and Visual Art
- Karl Barth: Courageous theologian article from Christianity Today
- Karl Barth Hub to organizations and resources associated with Karl Barth
- Novinski isečci na temu Karl Bart u Novinskim arhivama 20. veka Nemačke nacionalne biblioteke ekonomije (ZBW)