Kletva

Proklinjanje ili kletva je bilo kakva izražena želja da neki oblik nedaće ili nesreće zadesi ili se prida nekom drugom entitetu: jednoj ili više osoba, mestu ili predmetu.

Žena obavlja ritual proklinjanja (Hokusaj)

Kletva ili anatema je svaka izražena želja da neki oblik nedaće ili nesreće pogoditi ili bude povezan sa jednom ili više osoba, mestom ili predmetom. Konkretno, „prokletstvo” se može odnositi na takvu želju ili izricanje da bude učinjeno nadnaravnom ili duhovnom silom, poput boga ili bogova, duha ili prirodne sile, ili na neki drugi način kao bajanje magijom ili veštičarstvom. U mnogim sistemima verovanja smatra se da sama kletva (ili prateći ritual) ima neku uzročnu silu. Čin poništenja ili eliminisanja kletve ponekad se naziva „uklanjanje” ili „lomljenje”, jer se bajanje mora odagnati i često zahteva složene rituale ili molitve.

Tipovi

Starogrčka kletva napisana na olovnom listu, 4. vek pne, Arheološki muzej Kerameikos, Atina.

Proučavanje oblika kletve čini značajan deo proučavanja i narodne religije i folklora. Namerni pokušaj nametanja kletvi često je deo magijske prakse. U hinduističkoj kulturi veruje se da mudrac ili Riši ima moć da blagosilja (Aširvada ili Vara) i proklinje (Šapa). Primeri uključuju kletvu koju je Riši Brigu stavio na kralja Nahušu i onu koju je stavio Riši Devala.

U Bibliji

Šimej proklinje Dejvida, drvorez Julijusa Šnora fon Karolsfelda iz 1860.

Prema članku Katoličke enciklopedije Proklinjanje, Biblija prikazuje Boga kako proklinje zmiju, zemlju i Kaina (Genesis 3:14, 3:17, 4:11) Slično, Noje proklinje Kanana (Genesis 9:25), a Isus Navin proklinje čoveka koji treba da izgradi grad Jerihon (Joshua 6:26–27). U raznim knjigama Hebrejske Biblije postoje dugačke liste kletvi protiv prestupnika zakona (Leviticus 26:14–25, Deuteronomy 27:15, etc.). Deset egipatskih pošasti, koje prethode 10 zapovesti, mogu se posmatrati kao kletve bačene sa Aronovih i Mojsijevih štapova koje deluju po uputstvima Boga Izraelovog, kako bi se začaranima omogućilo da se oslobode jarma nasilnog kmetstva, ropstva. i slično.

U Novom zavetu, Hristos proklinje neplodnu smokvu (Mark 11:14), izriče svoju objavu jada nevernim gradovima (Matthew 11:21), bogatima, svetovnjacima, pisarima i farisejima, i predviđa užasno prokletstvo koje će doći na proklete (Matthew 25:41). Reč prokletstvo se takođe primenjuje na žrtvu iskupljenja za greh (Galatians 3:13), na grehe vremenske i večne (Genesis 2:17; Matthew 25:41)."

Vidi još

• Faraon
• Savana
• Civilizacija
• Karma
• Zlo

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Catholic Encyclopedia entry on Cain
• Encarta article that discusses race and religion in 1969
• Biblical racism
• Hasson, Nir (2. 6. 2013). „Scholars Owe New Dead Sea Scrolls Reading to Google”. Haaretz. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Wiener, Noah (7. 6. 2013). „The Curse of Ham – A New Reading in the Dead Sea Scrolls”. Biblical Archaeology Society. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)