Mali medved (sazvežđe)
сазвежђе на северној небеској хемисфери, које садржи северни небески пол
Mali medved (lat. Ursa Minor) je jedno od 88 modernih i 48 Ptolemejevih originalnih sazvežđa, vidljivo na severnoj zemaljskoj polulopti.
| Sazvežđe | |
 | |
| Latinsko ime | Ursa Minor |
|---|---|
| Skraćenica | UMi[1] |
| Genitiv | Ursae Minoris |
| Simbolizuje | malog medveda |
| Rektascenzija | 15 |
| Deklinacija | +75 |
| Površina | 256 sq. deg. (56) |
| Najsjajnija zvezda | Severnjača[2] (2.02m) |
| Meteorski rojevi | Ursidi |
| Susedna sazvežđa | |
| Vidljivo u rasponu +90° i −10°. U najboljem položaju za posmatranje u 21:00 čas u junu[2]. | |
Poznato je po tome što se u vrhu „repa“ Malog medveda nalazi zvezda Severnjača, trenutno važeći orijentir za smer severa.[3]
U srpskom jeziku, asterizam koji stvara njegovih 7 sjajnih zvezda se još naziva i „Mala kola“.
Karakteristike uredi
Mali medved se graniči sa Žirafom na zapadu, Zmajem na zapadu i Kefejom na istoku. Pokrivajući 256 kvadratnih stepeni, zauzima 56. mesto od 88 sazvežđa po veličini. Mali medved je kolokvijalno poznat u SAD kao Mala kutlača, jer njegovih sedam najsjajnijih zvijezda izgleda da formiraju oblik kutlače (lopatice). Zvezda na kraju drške kutlače je Polaris. Polaris se takođe može pronaći tako što se prati linija kroz dve zvezde — Alfa i Beta Velikog medveda, popularno nazvane Pokazivači — koje čine kraj „posude“ Velikog Medveda, za 30 stepeni (tri uspravne pesnice na dužini ruke) preko noćnog neba.[4] Četiri zvezde koje čine posudu Malog medveda su druge, treće, četvrte i pete magnitude, i pružaju jednostavan vodič za određivanje koje magnitude zvezda su vidljive, što je korisno za stanovnike gradova ili za testiranje vida.[5]
Skraćenica od tri slova za sazvežđe, koju je usvojila IAU (Međunarodna astronomska unija) 1922. godine je „UMi“.[6] Zvanične granice sazvežđa, koje je postavio belgijski astronom Ežen Delport 1930. godine, definisane su poligonom od 22 segmenta (ilustrovano u infokutiji). U ekvatorijalnom koordinatnom sistemu, koordinate desnog uspona ovih granica leže između 08h 41.4m i 22h 54.0m , dok se koordinate deklinacije kreću od severnog nebeskog pola do 65,40° na jugu.[1] Njen položaj na krajnjoj severnoj nebeskoj hemisferi znači da je celo sazvežđe vidljivo samo posmatračima na severnoj hemisferi.[7][a]
Napomene uredi
Reference uredi
- ^ a b „Ursa Minor, Constellation Boundary”. The Constellations. International Astronomical Union. Pristupljeno 12. 5. 2014.
- ^ a b Department of Astronomy (1995). „Ursa Minor”. University of Wisconsin–Madison. Arhivirano iz originala 30. 07. 2015. g. Pristupljeno 27. 6. 2015.
- ^ Arnold, H. J. P.; Doherty, Paul; Moore, Patrick (1999). The Photographic Atlas of the Stars. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. str. 148. ISBN 978-0-7503-0654-6.
- ^ O'Meara, Stephen James (1998). The Messier Objects
. Deep-sky Companions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. str. 10. ISBN 978-0-521-55332-2.
- ^ Olcott, William Tyler (2012) [1911]. Star Lore of All Ages: A Collection of Myths, Legends, and Facts Concerning the Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere. New York, New York: Courier Corporation. str. 377. ISBN 978-0-486-14080-3.
- ^ Russell, Henry Norris (1922). „The New International Symbols for the Constellations”. Popular Astronomy. 30: 469. Bibcode:1922PA.....30..469R.
- ^ a b Ridpath, Ian. „Constellations: Lacerta–Vulpecula”. Star Tales. Self-published. Pristupljeno 21. 6. 2014.
Literatura uredi
- Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963) [1899]. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (reprint izd.). New York, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-21079-7.
- Bagnall, Philip M. (2012). The Star Atlas Companion : What you need to know about the Constellations. Springer New York. ISBN 978-1-4614-0830-7.
- Bakich, Michael E. (1995). The Cambridge Guide to the Constellations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44921-2.
- Bakich, Michael E. (2010). 1,001 Celestial Wonders to See Before You Die. Springer Science + Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4419-1777-5.
- Coe, Steven R. (2007). Nebulae and how to observe them. Astronomers' observing guides. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-84628-482-3.
- Drake, Jeremy J.; Marshall, Herman L.; Dreizler, Stefan; Freeman, Peter E.; Fruscione, Antonella; Juda, Michael; Kashyap, Vinay; Nicastro, Fabrizio; Pease, Deron O.; Wargelin, Bradford J.; Werner, Klaus (jun 2002). „Is RX J1856.5−3754 a Quark Star?”. The Astrophysical Journal. 572 (2): 996—1001. Bibcode:2002ApJ...572..996D. S2CID 18481546. arXiv:astro-ph/0204159
. doi:10.1086/340368. - Ellyett, C. D.; Keay, C. S. L. (1956). „Radio Echo Observations of Meteor Activity in the Southern Hemisphere”. Australian Journal of Physics. 9 (4): 471—480. Bibcode:1956AuJPh...9..471E. doi:10.1071/PH560471 .
- Falkner, David E. (2011). The Mythology of the Night Sky: An Amateur Astronomer's Guide to the Ancient Greek and Roman Legends. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4614-0136-0.
- Griffiths, Martin (2012). Planetary Nebulae and How to Observe Them. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4614-1781-1.
- Ho, W. C. G.; Kaplan, D. L.; Chang, P.; Van Adelsberg, M.; Potekhin, A. Y. (mart 2007). „Magnetic hydrogen atmosphere models and the neutron star RX J1856.5–3754”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 375 (3): 821—830. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.375..821H. S2CID 2046995. arXiv:astro-ph/0612145v1 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11376.x.
- Moore, Patrick; Tirion, Wil (1997). Cambridge Guide to Stars and Planets. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-58582-8.
- Moore, Patrick (2000). The Data Book of Astronomy. Institute of Physics Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7503-0620-1.
- Moore, Patrick (2000). Stargazing: Astronomy without a Telescope . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79445-9.
- Moore, Patrick (2005). The Observer's Year: 366 Nights of the Universe. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-884-8.
- Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin (2011). Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-04070-9.
- Motz, Lloyd; Nathanson, Carol (1988). The Constellations. New York City: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-17600-2.
- Motz, Lloyd; Nathanson, Carol (1991). The Constellations: An Enthusiast's Guide to the Night Sky. London, United Kingdom: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-85410-088-7.
- O'Meara, Stephen James (2011). Deep-Sky Companions: The Secret Deep. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19876-9.
- Porter, Deborah Lynn (1996). From Deluge to Discourse: Myth, History, and the Generation of Chinese Fiction. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-3034-7.
- Reipurth, Bo, ur. (2008). „The Corona Australis Star Forming Region”. Handbook of Star Forming Regions. II: The Southern Sky. ASP Monograph Publications. Bibcode:2008hsf2.book..735N.
- Ridpath, Ian; Tirion, Wil (2017). Stars and Planets Guide (5th ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-69-117788-5.
- Rogers, J. H. (1998). „Origins of the ancient constellations: I. The Mesopotamian traditions”. Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 108 (1): 9—28. Bibcode:1998JBAA..108....9R.
- Rogers, L. J.; Keay, C. S. L. (1993). Stohl, J.; Williams, I.P., ur. „Observations of some southern hemisphere meteor showers”. Meteoroids and Their Parent Bodies, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Symposium Held at Smolenice, Slovakia, July 6–12, 1992: 273—276. Bibcode:1993mtpb.conf..273R.
- Royer, F.; Zorec, J.; Gómez, A.E. (februar 2007). „Rotational velocities of A-type stars. III. Velocity distributions”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 463 (2): 671—682. Bibcode:2007A&A...463..671R. S2CID 18475298. arXiv:astro-ph/0610785 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065224.
- Russell, Henry Norris (oktobar 1922). „The new international symbols for the constellations”. Popular Astronomy. 30: 469. Bibcode:1922PA.....30..469R.
- Sherrod, P. Clay; Koed, Thomas L. (2003). A Complete Manual of Amateur Astronomy: Tools and Techniques for Astronomical Observations. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-42820-8.
- Simpson, Phil (2012). Guidebook to the Constellations : Telescopic Sights, Tales, and Myths. Springer New York. ISBN 978-1-4419-6940-8.
- Staal, Julius D. W. (1988). The New Patterns in the Sky: Myths and Legends of the Stars. McDonald and Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-04-5.
- Steinicke, Wolfgang (2010). Observing and Cataloging Nebulae and Star Clusters: From Herschel to Dreyer. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19267-5.
- Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, VA: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6.
Spoljašnje veze uredi
- The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Ursa Minor
- The clickable Ursa Minor
- Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (medieval and early modern images of Ursa Minor)
- Ridpath, Ian. „Constellations”. Pristupljeno 25. 8. 2012.
- Kaler, Jim. „Alfecca Meridiana”. Stars. University of Illinois. Pristupljeno 15. 8. 2012.