Oblakoder

Oblakoder ili neboder (tkđ. soliter, kula), vrlo je visoka zgrada prikladna za stalno stanovanje. Savremeni izvori trenutno definišu nebodere kao zgrade sa najmanje 100 metara^[1] ili 150 metara^[2] u visini, iako ne postoji univerzalno prihvaćena definicija. Neboderi su vrlo visoke zgrade. Istorijski gledano, termin se prvi put odnosio na zgrade sa između 10 i 20 spratova kada su ove vrste zgrada počele da se grade tokom 1880-ih godina.^[3] Neboderi mogu sadržati kancelarije, hotele, stambene prostore i maloprodajne prostore.

Prema podacima iz januara 2020, samo devet gradova u svetu ima više od 100 nebodera koji su 150 m (492 ft) ili viši: Hongkong (355), Šendžen (289), Njujork (284), Dubai (201), Šangaj (163), Tokio (158), Mumbaj (151), Čikago (127), Čungking (127) i Guangdžou (118).^[4]

Etimologija uredi

Naziv oblakoder u arhitekturi prvi put se upotrebljava krajem 19. veka, kad se tako visoke zgrade prvi put pojavljuju u Njujorku. Istoričari arhitekture kasnije menjaju tačnu definiciju na osnovu razvijanja inženjerstva u 1880-im godinama, koje je omogućilo izgradnju ogromnih višespratnica.

Reč oblakoder je složenica sa dve reči: oblak i der (dera[ti], dira[ti]). Ovo znači da se radi o nečemu izrazito visokom, što „dira” oblake/nebo. U engleskom jeziku (engl. skyscraper) reč je reč nastala u 18. veku (1794) i prvobitno je označavala najviši jarbol (nosač jedra) na brodu. Kasnije se odnosila na sve što je visoko i dodiruje nebo, da bi tako stigla i odomaćila se u arhitekturi.^[5]

Galerija uredi

Reference uredi

^ „Skyscraper, Emporis Standards”. Emporis.com. Pristupljeno 7. 11. 2020. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ „What is a Skyscraper?”. Theb1m.com. Pristupljeno 7. 11. 2020. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. „Skyscraper”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 25. 10. 2016. „Skyscraper, very tall, multistoried building. The name first came into use during the 1880s, shortly after the first skyscrapers were built, in the United States. The development of skyscrapers came as a result of the coincidence of several technological and social developments. The term skyscraper originally applied to buildings of 10 to 20 stories, but by the late 20th century the term was used to describe high-rise buildings of unusual height, generally greater than 40 or 50 stories.” CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ „Number of 150m+ Completed Buildings - The Skyscraper Center”. Skyscrapercenter.com. Arhivirano iz originala 19. 12. 2019. g. Pristupljeno 19. 12. 2019. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
^ Skyscraper Dictionary » Etymology

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