Sogdijana

Ukoliko ste tražili uzbečku pevačicu i glumicu, pogledajte članak Sogdijana (pevačica).

Sogdijana ili Sogdija (uzb. Sog'diona; tadž. Суғд; stpers. Suguda; pers. سغد; stgrč. Σογδιανή; kin: 粟特) bila je antička iranska civilizacija i provincija ahemendskog persijskog carstva. Sogdijana je pomenuta kao 18. zemlja sa behistunskog natpisa, pisanog za vreme Darija Velikog. Pomenuta je i u zoroastrijskoj knjizi „Vendidad” i kao druga na spisku dobrih zemalja koje je napravio bog Ahura Mazda. Sogdijana se nalazila u Transoksijani tj. između reka Amu Darje i Sir Darje na tlu današnjih Uzbekistana, Tadžikistana i Kirgistana. Njeni značajni gradovi su bili Samarkand, Buhara, Kučand i Keš.

Sogdijana

Sogdijana oko 300. p. n. e., zatim pod Seleukidskim carstvom, jednom od država naslednica carstva koje je stvorio Aleksandar Veliki
Jezici	Sogdijski jezik
Religije	Zoroastrizam, manihejstvo, budizam, islam, Nestorijansko hrišćanstvo
Prestonice	Samarkand, Buhara, Hučand, Keš
Površina	Između Amu Darje i Sir Darje
Trajanje	6. vek p. n. e. do 11. vek
Valuta	Imitacije sasanidskog kovanog novca i kineskog gotovinskog novca, kao i „hibridi” oba.

Istorija

Sogdijanci na kineskom zidu iz dinastije Ki, 567—573

Prvi put je Sogdijana stupila u kontakt sa zapadnom civilizacijom dolaskom Aleksandra Makedonskog. Godine 327. p. n. e. Aleksandar je vodio tešku opsadu sogijanske tvrđave Arimazej, koju je zauzeo na prevaru. U tvrđavi je zarobio i svoju buduću nevestu, baktrijsku princezu Roksanu. Nakon osvajanja Sogdijane, koja je bila i granična pokrajina budućeg Aleksandrovog carstva, napravio je novu satrapiju u koju je ušlo i južnije arijevsko carstvo Baktrija. Ta satrapija je 248. p. n. e. postala deo helenističkog Grko-baktrijskog carstva pod Diodotom. Godine 150. p. n. e., pokrajina pada u ruke Skita i kineskih plemena (Jedžija).

Posle X veka n. e., Sogdijana je pala pod uticaj turskih dinastija, i vremenom su turski elementi i jezici su potisnule stare istočnoiranske. Kao poslednji ostatak starog sogdijanskog stanovništva, ostali su Jagnobi u današnjem Tadžikistanu, koji govore jezikom nastalim od starosogdijanskog.

Vidi još

• Iranski narodi

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• Sogdian on Interlinguae
• Xerxes II and Sogdianus Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (21. septembar 2013)
• The Sogdians: Influencers on the Silk Roads (Online exhibition)