Hipatija

Hipatija iz Aleksandrije (grč. Ὑπατία, oko 370—415) je bila grčka naučnica, prva istorijski poznata žena koja se bavila matematikom, astronomijom i filozofijom.

Hipatija
Hipatija Detalj sa Rafaelove slike Atinska škola
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	oko 370.
Mesto rođenja	Aleksandrija,
Datum smrti	oko 415.
Mesto smrti	Aleksandrija,
Naučni rad
Polje	matematika, astronomija

Biografija

O Hipatijinoj reputaciji matematičarke i filozofkinje saznajemo iz tri izvora: od Sokrata, konstantinopoljskog istoričara iz 5. veka, na osnovu odlomaka iz leksikona-enciklopedije grčkih pisaca oko 11. veka, i iz spisa carigradskog patrijarha Fotija iz 9. veka. Ništa od njenih spisa nije sačuvano i malo se s pouzdanošću zna o njenom životu; stari izveštaji su često nejasni i u neskladu, osim u pogledu dramatičnog načina na koji je izgubila život; događaja koji je, bez sumnje, uticao na to da njeno ime ostane upamćeno.

Hipatijin otac, Teon, bio je matematičar i astronom pri muzeju u Aleksandriji. Hipatija je, verovatno, tamo stekla obrazovanje koje je uključivalo matematiku i astronomiju, kao i obuku u neoplatoničarskoj školi. Smatra se da je napisala knjige iz matematike koje su sadržale komentare na Konusne preseke Apolonija iz Perga, kao i komentare Diofanta. Podučavala je astronomiji i matematici, kao i filozofskim učenjima Platona i Aristotela. Predavala je u Aleksandriji, a među njenim učenicima je bio i Sinesije, kasniji episkop u Ptolemaisu, koji je pisao o Hipatijinom znanju mehanike i tehnike demonstriranom kada mu je pomagala da osmisli hidrometar i srebrni astrolab.

Za vreme Hipatijinog života Rimsko carstvo je prelazilo na hrišćanstvo i Aleksandrija je bila u stanju opasne konfuzije i sukobljenih ideja. Iako se stari pisci ne slažu u pogledu razloga za njeno ubistvo, izgleda da ima konsenzusa o tome da je Hipatiju napala gomila i ubila. Jedan od razloga koji se navode za ovo nasilje jeste da su nju kao neoplatonistu fanatičniji hrišćani smatrali opasnom. Drugi izvori smatraju da je ona bila blizak prijatelj Oresta, rimskog prefekta u Egiptu koji je takođe bio njen bivši učenik, da se on veoma oslanjao na njen sud, a da se ona našla usred političke borbe.

Napad na Hipatiju se desio 415. godine na ulicama Aleksandrije. Razbesnela rulja pristalica aleksandrijskog patrijarha Kirila, predvođena Petrom Čitačem, skinula ju je sa kola u prolazu, svukla je do gola, odvukla do obližnje crkve i divljački iskasapila. Inspirator ovog mučnog zločina, patrijarh Kiril, već je bio poznat po antisemitizmu kroz organizovanja pogroma aleksandrijskih Jevreja, a u sporu sa patrijarhom Nestorijem na saboru u Efesu 431. godine uspeo je da izdejstvuje za svog protivnika opštu anatemu i proglašavanje za jeretika.

Literatura

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• Teruel, Pedro Jesús (2011), Filosofía y Ciencia en Hipatia (na jeziku: Spanish), Madrid: Gredos, ISBN 978-84-249-1939-9 CS1 održavanje: Neprepoznat jezik (veza)
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• Zielinski, Sarah (14. 3. 2010), „Hypatia, Alexandria's Great Female Scholar”, Smithsonian, Arhivirano iz originala 04. 01. 2014. g., Pristupljeno 16. 07. 2019 

Spoljašnje veze

• International Society for Neoplatonic Studies
• Socrates of Constantinople, Ecclesiastical History, VII.15, at the Internet Archive
• Socrates of Constantinople, Ecclesiastical History, VII.15 (pp. 760–761), at the Documenta Catholica Omnia