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== Istorija ==
[[File:abacus 6.png|thumb|[[Suanpan]] (broj prikazan na slici je 6,302,715,408)]]
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U današnje vreme je decimalni sistem sveprisutan. Njegov nastanak je verovatno bio inspirisan brojem [[prst]]iju. Međutim i niz drugih osnova je korišten u prošlosti, i nastavlja da se koristi danas. Na primer, [[Vavilonski brojevi|Vavilonski numerički sistem]] je imao osnovu 60, ali mu je nedostajala vrednosti 0. Nula je indicirana ''prostorom'' između brojeva. By 300 BC, a punctuation symbol (two slanted wedges) was co-opted as a [[Free variables and bound variables|placeholder]] in the same [[Babylonian numerals|Babylonian system]]. In a tablet unearthed at [[Kish (Sumer)|Kish]] (dating from about 700 BC), the scribe Bêl-bân-aplu wrote his zeros with three hooks, rather than two slanted wedges.<ref name="multiref1">Kaplan, Robert. (2000). ''The Nothing That Is: A Natural History of Zero''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> The Babylonian placeholder was not a true zero because it was not used alone. Nor was it used at the end of a number. Thus numbers like 2 and 120 (2×60), 3 and 180 (3×60), 4 and 240 (4×60), looked the same because the larger numbers lacked a final sexagesimal placeholder. Only context could differentiate them. ▼
▲U današnje vreme je decimalni sistem sveprisutan. Njegov nastanak je verovatno bio inspirisan brojem [[prst]]iju. Međutim i niz drugih osnova je korišten u prošlosti, i nastavlja dadalje se koristi danas. Na primer, [[Vavilonski brojevi|Vavilonski numerički sistem]] je imao osnovu 60, ali mu je nedostajala vrednosti 0. Nula je indicirana ''prostorom'' između brojeva. ByDo 300 BC, ap.n.e punctuationinterpunkcioni symbolsimbol ( twodva slantedzakošena wedgesklinasta znaka) wasje co-optedušao asu aupotrebu [[Freeza variablesoznačavanje andnule boundu variables|placeholder]]Vavilonskom insistemu. theNa samepločicama [[Babyloniankoje numerals|Babyloniansu system]].pronađene In a tablet unearthed atu [[ Kish (Sumer)|KishKiš]] u ( datingkoje fromdatiraju aboutiz 700 BC. p.n.e), the scribepisar -{Bêl-bân-aplu }- wroteje hiszapisao zerosnule withsa threetri hookskuke, ratherumesto thandva twozakošena slanted wedgesznaka.<ref name="multiref1">Kaplan, Robert. (2000). ''The Nothing That Is: A Natural History of Zero''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> TheVavilonska Babylonianoznaka placeholdernije wasbila notnula au truedanašnjem zerosmislu becausereči, itjer wasnije notkorišćena usedsamostalno, alone.niti Norje waskorištena itna usedkraju atbroja. theStoga endsu of a number. Thus numbersbrojevi likepoput 2 andi 120 (2×60), 3 andi 180 (3×60), 4 andi 240 (4×60), lookedizgledali theisto, samejer becauseje thevelikim largerbrojevima numbersnedostajala lackedkrajnja aseksagezimalna finaloznaka. sexagesimalOni placeholder.su se jedino Onlymogli contextdiferecirati couldu differentiatedatom themkontekstu.
The polymath [[Archimedes]] (ca. 287–212 BC) invented a decimal positional system in his [[The Sand Reckoner|Sand Reckoner]] which was based on 10<sup>8</sup><ref name="Greek numerals">[http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Greek_numbers.html Greek numerals]</ref> and later led the German mathematician [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] to lament what heights science would have already reached in his days if Archimedes had fully realized the potential of his ingenious discovery.<ref>[[Karl Menninger (mathematics)|Menninger, Karl]]: ''Zahlwort und Ziffer. Eine Kulturgeschichte der Zahl'', Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 3rd. ed., 1979, ISBN 3-525-40725-4, pp. 150-153</ref> ▼
▲The polymath[[Полихистор|Polimat]] [[ ArchimedesArhimed]] (ca. 287–212 BC) inventedje aizumeo decimaldecimalni positionalpozicioni systemsistem inu hissvom [[Theradu Sand-{''Psammites''}-, Reckoner|Sand Reckoner]]koji whichje wasbio basedbaziran onna 10<sup>8</sup> <ref name="Greek numerals">[http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Greek_numbers.html Greek numerals]</ref> , andšto laterje ledkasnije thenavelo Germannemačkog mathematicianmatematičara [[ CarlКарл FriedrichФридрих GaussГаус|Karla Gausa]] to lamentda whatjadikuje heightsza sciencenivoom wouldkoji havebi alreadynauka reachedveć inbila hisdosegla daysdo ifnjegovog Archimedesdoba hadda fullyje realizedArhimed theostvario potentialpun ofpotencijal hissvog ingeniousgenijalnog discoveryizuma.<ref>[[Karl Menninger (mathematics)|Menninger, Karl]]: ''Zahlwort und Ziffer. Eine Kulturgeschichte der Zahl'', Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 3rd. ed., 1979, ISBN 3-525-40725-4, pp. 150-153</ref>
Before positional notation became standard, simple additive systems ([[sign-value notation]]) such as [[Roman numerals]] were used, and accountants in ancient Rome and during the Middle Ages used the [[abacus]] or stone counters to do arithmetic.<ref>Ifrah, page 187</ref>
Pre nego što je poziciona notacija postala standard, jednostavni aditivni sistemi poput [[rimski brojevi|rimskih brojeva]] su korišćeni, i računovođe u antičkom Rimu i tokom Srednjeg veka su koristili [[Абакус (рачунање)|abakus]] ili kamene brojače da rade aritmetiku.<ref>Ifrah, page 187</ref>
== Nepozicioni sistemi brojeva ==
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