Ideologija — разлика између измена
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Ред 96:
== Senzualizam: učenje o idejama ==
Krajem XVIII veka grupa francuskih mislilaca kojima je na čelu [[Antoine Destutt de Tracy|Antoan Desti de Trasi]] naziva svoju filozofiju ideologijom (-{''Idéologie''}-), a sebe same ideolozima (-{''idéologues''}-); pojam je skovao de Trasi 1796.<ref>{{cite journal-lat
| last = Kennedy
| first = Emmet
Ред 160:
* Četvrti nivo je posrednička i instrumentalna uloga ideologije u političkom organiziranju društva i oblika vlasti kroz forme političke borbe (nadmetanja) i političkog delovanja: od organiziranja u [[politička stranka|političke stranke]] i društvene grupe za pritisak do organiziranja političkog nadmetanja na izborima, zatim osvajanja ili zadržavanja pozicija vlasti i donošenja ključnih političko-pravnih (zakonskih) i materijalnih odluka značajnih za čitavo društvo.
Na svim spomenutim nivoima osnovna karakteristika '''ideologije''' je težnja da se, upravo, taj oblik ideologije prezentira i nametne kao dominantan, univerzalan i svrsishodan, uz istovremeno kritičko i iskrivljeno predstavljanje drugih ideoloških koncepcija i mogućnosti u društvu. S obzirom na to i konkretne funkcije koje ima ili može imati ideologija, te njene manifestirajuće oblike, možemo razlikovati nekoliko tipova ideologije:<ref>Bouchard, T. J., and McGue, M. (2003). "Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences." ''Journal of Neurobiology'', 54 (1), 44–45.” https://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1169974.files/Bouchard%20McGue%202003.pdf</ref><ref>Cloninger, et al. (1993).</ref><ref>Eaves, L. J., Eysenck, H. J. (1974). "Genetics and the development of social attitudes." ''Nature'', 249, 288–289.” http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v249/n5454/abs/249288a0.html</ref><ref>Alford, (2005). "Are Political Orientations Genetically Transmitted?" http://www.uky.edu/AS/PoliSci/Peffley/pdf/Alford,%20et%20al%202005%20APSR%20Genetics.pdf</ref><ref>Hatemi, P. K., Medland, S. E., Morley, K. I., Heath, A. C., Martin, N.G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study." ''Behavior Genetics'', 37 (3), 435–448. https://genepi.qimr.edu.au/contents/p/staff/Hatemi501Published.pdf</ref><ref>Hatemi, P. K., Hibbing, J., Alford, J., Martin, N., Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?" ''Political Research Quarterly'', 62 (3), 584–600. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1276482</ref><ref>Settle, J. E., Dawes, C. T., and Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment." ''Political Research Quarterly'', 62 (3), 601–613. http://jhfowler.ucsd.edu/heritability_of_partisan_attachment.pdf</ref><ref>Anonymous Conservative. "The Evolutionary Psychology Behind Politics."</ref><ref>{{cite journal-lat|last1=Trust|first1=Michael|title=Modern Political Thought in the Context of Evolutionary Psychology|url=http://www.anonymousconservative.com/modern.pdf|accessdate=26. 3. 2017}}</ref>
# '''Prvo''', ideologija društvene grupe (npr. [[Бирократија|birokratije]], [[Технократија|tehnokratije]], nacije, itd.)
# '''Drugo''', ideologija klase ([[Vladajuća klasa|vladajuće]] ili subordinirane klase)
Ред 202:
Ideologije su se shvatale kao oblik sekularne [[religija|religije]] koji zahteva veru i krajnje iracionalne stilove mišljenja.<ref>Daniel Bell|Bell, D.]] ''[[The End of Ideology|The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties . (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. (2000). стр. 393.''</ref>
Tezu o kraju ideologije izneo je američki sociolog [[Daniel Bell|Daniel Bel]] u knjizi ''Kraj ideologije'' (1960). Dokazivao je da su ideologije 19. veka na Zapadu iscrpljene s trijumfom socijalno zainteresovanog, liberalnog [[pragmatizam|pragmatizma]] i opadanjem ekstremističkih ideologija, posebno onih koje su zasnovane na [[a priori|apriornom]] shvaćanju istine i monističkom rezonovanju - ideologija postaje nevažna.<ref>{{cite journal-lat |last1=Nienhueser|first1=Werner |year=2011|title=Empirical Research on Human Resource Management as a Production of Ideology |url= http://www.management-revue.org/papers/mrev_4_11_Nienhueser.pdf |journal=Management Revue |publisher=Rattner Hampp Verlag |volume=22 |issue=4 |doi=10.1688/1861-9908_mrev_2011_04_Nienhueser |issn=0935-9915 |access-date=2015-08-27 |quote=[...] current empirical research in HRM is generating ideology.|pages=367–393}}</ref>
Kritičari su upozorili da je teza o kraju ideologije takode ideološka, jer je izražavala specifična kretanja i interese u 1950-im i 1960-ima i davala im posebno tumačenje i smer.
Ред 229:
* Eagleton, Terry ''Ideology. An introduction'', Verso. {{page|year=1991|id=ISBN 0-86091-319-8|pages=}}
* Jacques Ellul. ''Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes''. Trans. Konrad Kellen & Jean Lerner. New York: Knopf, 1965. New York: Random House/ Vintage 1973
* {{cite book-lat|author=Freeden, Michael. |title=Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-19-829414-6|pages=}}
* {{cite book-lat|author=Feuer, Lewis S.|title=Ideology and Ideologists.|url=|location=Piscataway, NJ|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2010|id=}}
* Gries, Peter Hays. ''The Politics of American Foreign Policy: How Ideology Divides Liberals and Conservatives over Foreign Affairs'' (Stanford University Press, 2014)
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Haas|first=Mark L.|title=[http://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/The-Clash-of-Ideologies-Middle-Eastern-Politics-and-American-Security-by-Mark-L-Haas.php The Ideological Origins of Great Power Politics, 1789-1989]|location=|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2005|id=ISBN 0-8014-7407-8|pages=}}
* Hawkes, David ''Ideology'' (2nd ed.), Routledge. {{page|year=2003|id=ISBN 0-415-29012-0|pages=}}
* {{cite book-lat|year=2010|last1=James| first1= Paul | authorlink= |last2=Steger| first2= Manfred | title= Globalization and Culture, Vol. 4: Ideologies of Globalism | url= http://www.academia.edu/4510893/Globalization_and_Culture_Vol._4_Ideologies_of_Globalism_editor_with_Manfred_B._Steger_Sage_Publications_London_2010 | publisher= Sage Publications |location=London }}
* Lukács, Georg (1919–23) ''History and Class Consciousness'' [http://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/index.htm]
* Malesevic, Sinisa and Iain Mackenzie (ed). Ideology after Poststructuralism. London: [[Pluto Press]].
* {{cite book-lat|last=Mannheim|first=Karl|title=Ideology and Utopia|url=|location=|publisher=|year=1936|id=}}Routledge
* Marx, Karl ([1845-46] 1932) ''The German Ideology'' [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/index.htm]* Minogue, Kenneth ''Alien Powers: The Pure Theory of Ideology'', Palgrave Macmillan. {{page|year=1985|id=ISBN 0-312-01860-6|pages=}}
* Minar, David M. (1961) "Ideology and Political Behavior", ''Midwest Journal of Political Science''. Midwest Political Science Association.
* Mullins, Willard A. (1972) "On the Concept of Ideology in Political Science." ''The American Political Science Review''. American Political Science Association.
* Owen, John . [http://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/The-clash-of-ideas-in-world-politics-john-owen.php ''"The Clash of Ideas in World Politics: Transnational Networks, States, and Regime Change, 1510-2010"''], Princeton University Press. {{page|year=2011|id=ISBN 0-691-14239-4|pages=}}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Pinker|first=Steven|title=The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Group|year=2002|id=ISBN 0-670-03151-8|pages=}}
* Sorce Keller, Marcello. “Why is Music so Ideological, Why Do Totalitarian States Take It So Seriously: A Personal View from History, and the Social Sciences”, ''Journal of Musicological Research'', XXVI(2007), no. 2-3. стр. 91–122.
* {{Cite journal-lat |year=2013|last1=Steger| first1= Manfred B. |last2=James| first2= Paul | authorlink2= Paul James (academic) | title= ‘Levels of Subjective Globalization: Ideologies, Imaginaries, Ontologies’ | url= http://www.academia.edu/4311113/Levels_of_Subjective_Globalization_Ideologies_Imaginaries_Ontologies | journal= Perspectives on Global Development and Technology | volume= 12 | issue= 1–2.}}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Zizek|first=Slavoj|year=1989|title= The Sublime Object of Ideology |publisher= Verso |id= ISBN 0-86091-971-4 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Adorno|first=Theodor W. |title= Beitrag zur Ideologienlehre''. 1954, In: ''Soziologische Schriften I.'' Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Verlag |year=1995|id= ISBN 3-518-27906-8 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Althusser|first=Louis|title= Ideologie und ideologische Staatsapparate |year=1977|id= ISBN 3-87975-109-9 }}
* {{cite book-lat|author= Hansjörg Bay, Christof Hamann (Hrsg.) |title= Ideologie nach ihrem ‚Ende‘: Gesellschaftskritik zwischen Marxismus und Postmoderne. |publisher= Westdeutscher Verlag |year=1995|id= ISBN 3-322-94214-7 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Becker|first=Manuel|title= Ideologiegeleitete Diktaturen in Deutschland. Zu den weltanschaulichen Grundlagen im Dritten Reich und in der DDR.'' Bouvier |location= Bonn |year=2009|isbn=978-3-416-03272-8}}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Eagleton|first=Terry|title= Ideologie. Eine Einführung |location= Stuttgart |year=2000|id= ISBN 3-476-01783-4 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Habermas|first=Jürgen|title= Wissenschaft und Technik als Ideologie |edition= 18. |year=2003|id= ISBN 3-518-10287-7 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Hall|first=Stuart|title= Ideologie, Identität, Repräsentation |location= Hamburg |year=2004|id= ISBN 3-88619-326-8 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Hauck|first=Gerhard|title= Einführung in die Ideologiekritik |id= ISBN 3-88619-209-1 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Horkheimer|first=Max|title= Ideologie und Handeln.'' In: ''Kritische Theorie der Gesellschaft.'' Band IV }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Kelsen|first=Hans|title= Aufsätze zur Ideologiekritik''. (mit einer Einl. hrsg. von Ernst Topitsch). Neuwied |year=1964 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Kofler|first=Leo|title= Soziologie des Ideologischen |year=1975|id= ISBN 3-17-001958-9 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Larrain|first=Jorge A. |title= The Concept of Ideology (Modern Revivals in Philosophy) |year=1992|id= ISBN 0-7512-0049-2 }}
* {{cite book-lat|author= Kurt Lenk |title= Ideologie – Ideologiekritik und Wissenschaftssoziologie |id= ISBN 3-593-33428-3 }}
* {{cite book-lat|author= Hans-Joachim Lieber |title= Ideologie: eine historisch-systematische Einführung.'' Verlag F. Schöningh |year=1985|id= ISBN 3-506-99232-5 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Marcuse|first=Herbert|title= Der eindimensionale Mensch |id= ISBN 3-423-34084-3 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Mannheim|first=Karl|title= Ideologie und Utopie |edition= 8. |year=1995|id= ISBN 3-465-02822-8 }}
* {{cite book-lat|author= Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels |title= Marx-Engels-Jahrbuch 2003. Die Deutsche Ideologie. |id= ISBN 3-05-003837-3 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Popper|first=Karl|title= Die Offene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde.'' |id= ISBN 3-16-145951-2 (Band 1); ISBN 3-8252-1725-6 (Band 2) }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Rehmann|first=Jan|title= Einführung in die Ideologietheorie |location= Hamburg |year=2008|isbn=978-3-88619-337-0}}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Salamun|first=Kurt|title= Ideologie und Aufklärung: Weltanschauungstheorie und Politik |publisher= Böhlau |year=1988|id= ISBN 3-205-05126-2 }}
* {{cite book-lat|author= Brigitte Schlieben-Lange |title= Idéologie: Zur Rolle von Kategorisierungen im Wissenschaftsprozeß.'' (Schriften der Philosophisch-historischen Klasse der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften 18) C. Winter Universitätsverlag |location= Heidelberg |year=2000|id= ISBN 3-8253-0917-7 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Topitsch|first=Ernst|title= Vom Ursprung und Ende der Metaphysik''. Wien 1958; ''Gottwerdung und Revolution.'' München 1973; ''Erkenntnis und Illusion.'' Hamburg 1979; ''Heil und Zeit. Ein Kapitel zur Weltanschauungsanalyse.'' |location= Tübingen |year=1990 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Žižek|first=Slavoj|title= The Sublime Object of Ideology |publisher= Verso Books |location= London/ New York |year=1989|id= ISBN 0-86091-256-6 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=Žižek|first=Slavoj|title= Mapping Ideology |publisher= Verso |location= London/ New York |year=2012|isbn=978-1-84467-554-8}}
* {{cite book-lat
|author = Н. Бобровников.
|chapter = Идеология
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|isbn =
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* {{cite book-lat
|author =
|chapter = Идеология
Ред 303:
|isbn =
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* {{cite book-lat|author= Жижек, Славой. |title= Возвышенный Объект Идеологии. — М.: Художественный журнал |year=1999|id= ISBN 5-901116-01-1 }}
* {{cite book-lat|author= Логинов Алексей Валерьевич. |url= http://www.lib.ua-ru.net/diss/cont/90988.html |title= Идеология как проблема социальной онтологии] : Дис. … канд. филос. наук : 09.00.11 |location= Екатеринбург |year=2004|publisher= РГБ ОД |id= 61:04-9/557 }}
* {{cite book-lat|ref= harv|last=П|first=Макаренко В.. |title= Главные идеологии современности |location= Ростов |publisher= Феникс. |year=2000 }}
{{refend}}
Ред 321:
* -{Herbert Schnädelbach: [http://www.rote-ruhr-uni.com/cms/IMG/pdf/Schnadelbach_Ideologie.pdf ''Was ist Ideologie? Versuch einer Begriffsklärung.''] (PDF; 421 kB) In: ''Das Argument.'' 50/1969.}-
* -{Jochen Vogt: [http://uni-essen.de/literaturwissenschaft-aktiv/Vorlesungen/hermeneutik/ideologiekritik.htm ''Ideologiekritik.''] In: Ders. (Hrsg.): ''Einladung zur Literaturwissenschaft.'' Essen 2003.}-
* -{Dieter Wolf: [http://www.dieterwolf.net/pdf/Warenfetisch_Geldfetisch_Sein_Bewusstsein.pdf ''Wie der Waren- und Geldfetisch den Zusammenhang von gesellschaftlichem Sein und Bewusstsein bestimmt.'']}-
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