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==Put sinteze keramida==
Postoje tri glavna puta generacije keramida. Put sfingomijelinaze koristi enzim kiji razlaže [[sfingomijelin]] u ćelijskoj membrani i oslobađa keramid.<ref name="pmid8046331">{{cite journal |author1=Haimovitz-Friedman A |author2=Kan CC |author3=Ehleiter D |author4display-authors=''et al.''etal |title=Ionizing radiation acts on cellular membranes to generate ceramide and initiate apoptosis |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=180 |issue=2 |pages=525–35 |year=1994 |pmid=8046331 |doi=10.1084/jem.180.2.525 |pmc=2191598}}</ref> De novo put kreira keramid iz manje kompleksnih molekula.<ref name = "pmid18216770">{{cite journal |author1=Hannun, Y.A. |author2=Obeid, L.M. |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids |journal=Nature Reviews: Molecular Cell Biology |volume=9 |pages=139–150 |year=2008 |pmid= 18216770 |doi=10.1038/nrm2329 |issue=2}}</ref> Do formiranja keramida takođe može doći putem razlaganja kompleksnih [[sfingolipid]]a koji se ultimatno razlažu do [[sfingozin]]a, koji se zatim reacirkuliše čime se formira keramid. Taj zadnji put se naziva [[selvidž put]]em ({{jez-eng-lat|Salvage pathway}}).<ref name = "pmid18191382">{{cite journal |author=Kitatani, K., |author2= Idkowiak-Baldys, J., and|author3= Hannun, Y.A. |title=The sphingolipid salvage pathway in ceramide metabolism and signaling. |journal=Cell Signaling |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=1010–1018 |year=2008 |pmid= 18191382 |doi=10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.12.006 |pmc=2422835}}</ref>
==Fiziološke uloge keramida==
Kao bioaktivni lipid, keramid je bio impliciran u niz fizioloških funkcija među kojima su [[apoptoza]], zaustavljanje ćelijskog rasta, diferencijacija, ćelijsko [[Биолошко старење|starenje]], ćelijska migracija i adhezija.<ref name="pmid18216770"/> Smatra se da keramidi i njihovi metaboliti učestvuju u brojnim patološkim stanjima, među kojima su [[rak (bolest)|rak]], [[neurodegeneracija]], [[dijabetes]], mikrobna patogeneza, [[gojaznost]], i [[inflamacija]].<ref name = "pmid17588815">{{cite journal |author1=Zeidan, Y.H. |author2=Hannun, Y.A. |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Translational aspects of sphingolipid metabolism. |journal=Trends Mol. Med. |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=327–336 |year=2007 |pmid=17588815 |doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2007.06.002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | unused_data=DUPLICATE DATA: pmid=17878382 |vauthors=Wu D, Ren Z, Pae M, Guo W, Cui X, Merrill AH, Meydani SN | title= Aging up-regulates expression of inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue | journal=The Journal of Immunology | volume=179 | issue=7 | year=2007 | pages=4829–39 | url = http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/179/7/4829 | pmid=17878382}}</ref>
==Literatura==
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