Персијски језик — разлика између измена

Персијски је имао знатан (превасходно [[Лексикографија|лексикографски]]) утицај на суседне језике, а посебно на [[Туркијски језици|туркијске језике]] у централној Азији, [[Кавказ (регион)|Кавказу]], и [[Anatoliја|Анатолији]], суседне иранске језике, као и [[Јерменски језик|јерменски]], [[грузински језик|грузијски]], и [[индоаријски језици|индо-аријске језике]], посебно [[Урду (језик)|Урду]] (који је у основи [[Хинди-урду|хиндустанског]]). Он је исто тако у извесној мери утицао на [[Арапски језик|арапски]], а посебно на [[бахрански арапски језик]],<ref>{{Cite book|ref=harv | last=Holes| first = Clive| title = Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bJLjAKH7-rIC&pg=PR30|year=2001| publisher = BRILL|isbn = 978-90-04-10763-2}}, p. XXX</ref> али је исто тако позајмио знатан део свог вокабулара из њега након [[Муслиманско освајање Персије|арапског освајања Ирана]].<ref name="Lazard">Lazard, Gilbert 1975, "The Rise of the New Persian Language" in Frye, R. N., ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', Vol. 4. стр. 595–632, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. "The language known as New Persian, which usually is called at this period (early Islamic times) by the name of Dari or Farsi-Dari, can be classified linguistically as a continuation of Middle Persian, the official religious and literary language of Sassanian Iran, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenids. Unlike the other languages and dialects, ancient and modern, of the Iranian group such as [[Avestan]], [[Parthian language|Parthian]], [[Sogdian language|Soghdian]], [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Pashto]], etc., [[Old Persian]], [[Middle Persian|Middle]] and New Persian represent one and the same language at three states of its history. It had its origin in [[Fars Province|Fars]] (the true Persian country from the historical point of view) and is differentiated by dialectical features, still easily recognizable from the dialect prevailing in north-western and eastern Iran."</ref>{{sfn|Davis|2006|pp=602-603}}<ref name="Lazard, Gilbert 1971">Lazard, Gilbert, "Pahlavi, Pârsi, dari: Les langues d'Iran d'apès Ibn al-Muqaffa" in R.N. Frye, ''Iran and Islam. In Memory of the late Vladimir Minorsky'', Edinburgh University Press, 1971.</ref><ref name="Lazard, Gilbert 1971" /><ref name="Nushin Namazi">{{cite web|url=http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/wais/cgi-bin/?p=24327| title = Persian Loan Words in Arabic| last=Namazi| first = Nushin|year=2008| accessdate=01. 606. 2009.}}</ref><ref name="Classe 2000 1057">{{harvnb|Classe|2000|p=1057}}</ref><ref name=lambtonexcerpt>Ann K. S. Lambton, ''Persian grammar'', Cambridge University Press 1953. "The Arabic words incorporated into the Persian language have become Persianized".</ref><ref>[http://www.ezglot.com/most-similar-languages.php?l=fas Most similar languages to Persian], ezglot.com</ref>

Персијски је један од западно иранских језика унутар [[Индоевропски језици|индоевропске фамилије]]. Други западно ирански језици су [[курдски језици]], [[Гилјански језик|гилјански]], [[Мазендерански језик|мазендерански]], [[Талишки језик|талишки]], и [[Белуџиски језик|белуџиски]]. Персијски се класификује као члан југозападне групе међу западно иранским језицима, заједно са [[Ахомски језик|ахомским]], [[Кумзарски језик|кумзарским]], и [[Луријски језик|луријским]] језиком.<ref name="windfuhr1987">{{Cite book|title=The World's Major Languages |year=1987| last=Windfuhr| first = Gernot | editor = Berard Comrie | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford |isbn = 978-0-19-506511-4 |pages=523–546523-546}}</ref>

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Davis| first = Richard| chapter = Persian| editor1 = Josef W. Meri| editor2 = Jere L. Bacharach| title = Medieval Islamic Civilization| publisher = Taylor & Francis|year=2006|pages=602–603602-603}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Bleeck| first = Arthur Henry| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MsAUAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise grammar of the Persian language|year=1857| publisher = | edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Bleeck| first = Arthur Henry| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CiBgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise grammar of the Persian language: containing dialogues, reading lessons, and a vocabulary: together with a new plan for facilitating the study of languages|year=1857| publisher = B. Quaritch| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=206}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Bleeck| first = Arthur Henry| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vroOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise grammar of the Persian language|year=1857| publisher = | edition = Oxford University| location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| publisher = Logos Verlag|isbn = 978-3-8325-1620-8

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I0MOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = The student's Persian and English dictionary, pronouncing, etymological, & explanatory|year=1880| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=558}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji|author2-last=Saʻdī| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xUUOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = Second book of Persian, to which are added the Pandnámah of Shaikh Saádi and the Gulistán, chapter 1, together with vocabulary and short notes |year=1880| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = 2| location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=120}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NEMOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = The Persian primer, being an elementary treatise on grammar, with exercises|year=1879| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=94}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Doctor| first = Sorabshaw Byramji| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=M0MOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A new grammar of the Persian tongue for the use of schools and colleges|year=1875| publisher = Irish Presbyterian Mission Press| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=84}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bFcOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: To which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a copious vocabulary|year=1844| publisher = Printed for the author, sold by Allen & co.| edition = 2| location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=158}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DwQtAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: To which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a copious vocabulary|year=1844| publisher = Printed for the author, sold by Allen & co.| edition = 2| location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=114}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DoRQAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: to which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a vocabulary, and translations|year=1876| publisher = W.H. Allen| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=238}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Forbes| first = Duncan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BDoMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language: to which is added, a selection of easy extracts for reading, together with a vocabulary, and translations|year=1869| publisher = W.H. Allen & co.| edition = 4| location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=238}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Ibrâhîm| first = Muḥammad| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru1ncSqiRXkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language |year=1841| publisher = | edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Jones| first = Sir William|authorlink = William Jones (philologist)| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YkBbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language|year=1783| publisher = | edition = 3| location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Jones| first = Sir William| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3T9bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language|year=1797| publisher = | edition = 4| location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Jones| first = Sir William| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IEhFAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language|year=1801| publisher = Murray and Highley, J. Sewell| edition = 5| location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=194}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Jones| first = Sir William| editor = Samuel Lee| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p4dBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language|year=1823| publisher = Printed by W. Nicol, for Parbury, Allen, and co.| edition = 8| location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=230}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Jones| first = Sir William| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language| editor = Samuel Lee|year=1828| publisher = Printed by W. Nicol, for Parbury, Allen, and Co.| edition = 9| location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=283}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Lumsden| first = Matthew| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a7dIAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language; comprising a portion of the elements of Arabic inflexion etc|year=1810| publisher = Watley| edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Moises| first = Edward| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=O3lHAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = The Persian interpreter: in three parts: A grammar of the Persian language. Persian extracts, in prose and verse. A vocabulary: Persian and English|year=1792| publisher = Printed by L. Hodgson| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=143}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Palmer| first = Edward Henry|authorlink = Edward Henry Palmer| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Nz9bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise dictionary, English-Persian; together with a simplified grammar of the Persian language. Completed and ed. by G. Le Strange| editor = Guy Le Strange|year=1883| publisher = | edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Palmer| first = Edward Henry|authorlink = Edward Henry Palmer| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hKUfAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A concise dictionary, English-Persian: together with a simplified grammar of the Persian language| editor = Guy Le Strange|year=1883| publisher = Trübner| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=42}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Platts| first = John Thompson| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pxKkZZgJxcwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A grammar of the Persian language ...|year=1894| publisher = Williams and Norgate| edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Ranking| first = George Speirs Alexander| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9I4PAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A primer of Persian: containing selections for reading and composition with the elements of syntax|year=1907| publisher = The Claredon Press| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=72}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Richardson| first = John| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7hZHFh_nVEMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A vocabulary, Persian, Arabic, and English: abridged from the quarto edition of Richardson's dictionary| editor = Sir Charles Wilkins | editor2 = David Hopkins|year=1810| publisher = Printed for F. and C. Rivingson| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=643}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Rosen| first = Friedrich|author2-last=Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh (Shah of Iran)| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Exb_NBfBuZkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = Modern Persian colloquial grammar: containing a short grammar, dialogues and extracts from Nasir-Eddin shah's diaries, tales, etc., and a vocabulary|year=1898| publisher = Luzac & C.̊| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=400}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3T1bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in Persian and English, with pronunciation (ed. by M.C. Sen).| editor = Madhub Chunder Sen|year=1841| publisher = | edition = 2| location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RJAvAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in Persian and English|year=1829| publisher = Printed for the author at the Baptist Mission Press| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=226}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sk4OAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in English and Persian |year=1833| publisher = Printed at the Baptist Mission Press| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=276}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Sen| first = Ramdhun| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6j1bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A dictionary in English and Persian|year=1833| publisher = | edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

| encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica|year=2006

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| edition = 3rd Rev| publisher = Ibex Publishers

|date=01. 505. 1993.

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Tucker| first = William Thornhill| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wT5bAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A pocket dictionary of English and Persian|year=1801| publisher = | edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Tucker| first = William Thornhill| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F11AAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A pocket dictionary of English and Persian|year=1850| publisher = J. Madden| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=145}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Tucker| first = William Thornhill| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3ppxqpkEHVoC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = A pocket dictionary of English and Persian|year=1850| publisher = J. Madden| edition = | location = |id=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.|pages=145}}

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| edition = 2| publisher = Routledge

* {{Cite book|ref=harv| last=Wollaston| first = (Sir) Arthur Naylor| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F6UCAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false| title = An English-Persian dictionary|year=1882| publisher = W. H. Allen| edition = | location = |pages= |id=|pages=| volume = | accessdate=06. 707. 2011.}}