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U [[Opšta teorija relativnosti|Opštoj teoriji relativnosti]] '''princip ekvivalentnosti''' primenjen je na nekoliko povezanih koncepata koji imaju posla sa [[Gravitacija|gravitacijom]] i uniformnošću merenja izvršenim u fizičkim eksperimentima koji se dešavaju u različitim [[Referentni sistem|sistemima referencije]]. On je u vezi i sa [[Nikola Kopernik|Kopernikovom]] idejom da zakoni [[fizika|fizike]] treba da budu isti svuda u [[svemir]]u, ali, pre svega, povezan je sa [[Ajnštajn]]ovim zapažanjem da je gravitacionu silu koju opažamo kada stojimo na nekom masivnom telu (kao što je [[Zemlja]]), lokalno posmatrano, nemoguće razlikovati od [[Inercijalna sila|inercijalne sile]] koju bi opažao posmatrač u neinercijalnom-ubrzanom sistemu, na primer, u nekoj kabini koja bi bila ubrzana u oblasti prostora koja je daleko od uticaja [[gravitaciono polje|gravitacionog polja]] drugih tela. Takođe, ovakva jedna mogućnost u tesnoj je vezi i sa ekvivalentnošću gravitacione i inercijalne [[masa|mase]] tela, koja je bila poznata još od ranije, ali bez većeg značaja za fiziku sve do nastanka Ajnštajnove [[Opšta teorija relativnosti|Opšte teorije relativnosti]].<ref>Einstein, Albert, ''How I Constructed the Theory of Relativity'', translated by Masahiro Morikawa from the text recorded in Japanese by Jun Ishiwara, Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAPPS) Bulletin, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 17–19, April 2005. Einstein recalls events of 1907 in a talk in Japan on 14 December 1922.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1last=Einstein|first1first=Albert|title=The Meaning of Relativity|dateyear=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134449798|page=59}}</ref>
 
==Istorija==
Poreklo Ajnštajnovog principa ekvivalentnosti, moglo bi se reći, započinje sa [[Galileo Galilej|Galilejevim]] čuvenim eksperimentima izvršenim krajem 16. i početkom 17. veka. Ovi eksperimenti pokazali su da je gravitaciono ubrzanje tela nezavisno od njihove mase. Time je bio odbačen [[Aristotel]]ov koncept po kome teža tela padaju brže od lakših. Definitivan udarac ovom Aristotelovom mišljenju, koje je bilo na snazi oko 20 vekova, zadao je [[Isak Njutn|Njutnov]] [[Njutnov zakon gravitacije|zakon opšte gravitacije]] kojim je postulirano da su inercijalna i gravitaciona masa tela potpuno iste.
 
Princip ekvivalentnosti na pravi način će uvesti u fiziku, međutim, [[Albert Ajnštajn]], [[1907]]. godine. On je tada izneo zapažanje da je ubrzavanje tela ka centru Zemlje sa ubrzanjem g (''g'' = 9.81 m/s<sup>2</sup>-[[ubrzanje Zemljine teže]]) potpuno ekvivalentno inercijalnom ubrzavanju pokretnog tela koje bi se moglo opaziti kada bi se nalazili u nekoj [[Raketa|raketi]] u slobodnom prostoru, koja se ubrzava takođe sa [[ubrzanje]]m g. Ajnštajn to formuliše na sledeći način:
:''mi'' [...] ''pretpostavljamo potpunu fizičku ekvivalentnost [[Gravitaciono polje|gravitacionog polja]] i odgovarajućeg ubrzavanja [[Referentni sistem|referentnog sistema]].'' (Ajnštajn, 1907)
 
== Reference ==
{{Reflistreflist|30em}}
 
== Literatura ==
{{Refbeginrefbegin|30em}}
* Dicke, Robert H.; "New Research on Old Gravitation", ''Science'' '''129''', 3349 (1959). This paper is the first to make the distinction between the strong and weak equivalence principles.
* Dicke, Robert H.; "Mach's Principle and Equivalence", in ''Evidence for gravitational theories: proceedings of course 20 of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi"'', ed. C. Møller (Academic Press, New York, 1962). This article outlines the approach to precisely testing general relativity advocated by Dicke and pursued from 1959 onwards.
* Einstein, Albert; "Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogene Folgerungen", ''Jahrbuch der Radioaktivitaet und Elektronik'' '''4''' (1907); translated "On the relativity principle and the conclusions drawn from it", in ''The collected papers of Albert Einstein. Vol. 2 : The Swiss years: writings, 1900&ndash;1909'' (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1989), Anna Beck translator. This is Einstein's first statement of the equivalence principle.
* Einstein, Albert; [http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol3-doc/523 "Über den Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des Lichtes"], ''Annalen der Physik'' '''35''' (1911); translated "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light" in ''The collected papers of Albert Einstein. Vol. 3 : The Swiss years: writings, 1909&ndash;1911'' (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1994), Anna Beck translator, and in ''The Principle of Relativity'', (Dover, 1924), pp 99&ndash;108, W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery translators, {{ISBNpage|year=|id=ISBN 0-486-60081-5|pages=}}. The two Einstein papers are discussed online at [http://www1.kcn.ne.jp/~h-uchii/gen.GR.html The Genesis of General Relativity].
* Brans, Carl H.; "The roots of scalar-tensor theory: an approximate history", {{arxiv|gr-qc/0506063}}. Discusses the history of attempts to construct gravity theories with a scalar field and the relation to the equivalence principle and Mach's principle.
* Misner, Charles W.; Thorne, Kip S.; and Wheeler, John A.; ''Gravitation'', New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1973, Chapter 16 discusses the equivalence principle.
* Ohanian, Hans; and Ruffini, Remo; ''Gravitation and Spacetime 2nd edition'', New York: Norton, 1994, {{ISBNpage|year=|id=ISBN 0-393-96501-5|pages=}} Chapter 1 discusses the equivalence principle, but incorrectly, according to modern usage, states that the strong equivalence principle is wrong.
* Uzan, Jean-Philippe; "The fundamental constants and their variation: Observational status and theoretical motivations", ''Reviews of Modern Physics'' '''75''', 403 (2003). {{arxiv|hep-ph/0205340}} This technical article reviews the best constraints on the variation of the fundamental constants.
* Will, Clifford M.; ''Theory and experiment in gravitational physics'', Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993. This is the standard technical reference for tests of general relativity.
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* Will, Clifford M.; [http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2006-3 ''The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment,''] Living Reviews in Relativity (2006). An online, technical review, covering much of the material in ''Theory and experiment in gravitational physics.'' The Einstein and strong variants of the equivalence principles are discussed in sections [http://relativity.livingreviews.org/open?pubNo=lrr-2006-3&amp;page=articlesu1.html 2.1] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221349/http://relativity.livingreviews.org/open?pubNo=lrr-2006-3&amp;page=articlesu4.html 3.1], respectively.
* Friedman, Michael; ''Foundations of Space-Time Theories'', Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1983. Chapter V discusses the equivalence principle.
* {{citation | first = Michel | last = Ghins| first2 = Tim |last2 = Budden |title= The Principle of Equivalence| journal = Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys.| volume = 32 | year = 2001 |issue = 1| pages = 33–51 | doi=}}
* {{citation|first = Hans C.|last = Ohanian|title= What is the Principle of Equivalence?|journal = American Journal of Physics| volume = 45 |year =1977|issue=10|pages=903–909903-909|doi=10.1119/1.10744|bibcode=1977AmJPh..45..903O}}
* {{citation|first = E.|last = Di Casola|first2=S.|last2=Liberati|first3=S.|last3=Sonego|title= Nonequivalence of equivalence principles|journal = American Journal of Physics| volume =83 |year=2015|issue=1|pages=39|doi=10.1119/1.4895342|arxiv=1310.7426|bibcode=2015AmJPh..83...39D}}
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