Устав Сједињених Америчких Држава — разлика између измена

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'''Устав Сједињених Америчких Држава''' ({{Јез-енгл|The United States Constitution}}) је највиши закон у [[Сједињене Америчке Државе|САД]]<ref>{{harvnb|Maier|2010|p=35}}</ref> и уједно најстарији [[устав]] на свету.<ref>[http://www.politifact.com/virginia/statements/2014/sep/22/bob-goodlatte/goodlatte-says-us-has-oldest-working-national-cons/ Goodlatte says U.S. has the oldest working national constitution], Politifact Virginia website, September 22, 2014.</ref> Донесен је на Уставној конвенцији у [[Филаделфија|Филаделфији]] [[17. септембар|17. септембра]] [[1787]]. године. Њиме су САД из лабавог савеза држава претворене у [[Федерација|федералну државу]]. Устав је формално ступио на снагу [[21. јун]]а [[1788]], а почео се примењивати од [[13. септембар|13. септембра]] [[1788]]. године. Нови државни органи су почели са радом [[4. март]]а [[1789]]. године.
 
Устав је до данас на снази, а састоји се из [[Преамбула|преамбуле]] и седам великих чланова или [[параграф]]а. Допуњен је са 27 [[амандман]]а,<ref>{{cite book |author= [United States Senate |author-link = United States Senate |title= The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation |chapter= Amendments to the Constitution of the United States of America |url= http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CONAN-1992/pdf/GPO-CONAN-1992-7.pdf |format= PDF |year= 1992 |publisher= U.S. Government Printing Office |page= 25 n.2 |isbn= 9780160632686}}</ref> да би се задовољиле потребе нације која се драстично променила од осамнаестог века.<ref name=senategov>{{cite web|title=Constitution Day |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/ConstitutionDay.htm |website=Senate.gov|publisher=United States Senate|accessdate=September 10, 2016}}</ref> Првих десет амандмана чини [[Повеља о правима (Сједињене Америчке Државе)|Повеља о правима]] ({{Јез-енгл|Bill of Rights}}).<ref>{{cite web |last= Ritchie |first= Donald |title= Bill of Rights |url= http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/term/bill-of-rights |work= Annenberg Classroom – Glossary |publisher= Leonore Annenberg Institute for Civics of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania |accessdate= September 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first= Gordon |last= Lloyd |title= Introduction to the Bill of Rights |url= http://teachingamericanhistory.org/bor/bor-intro/ |website= TeachingAmericanHistory.org |publisher=The Ashbrook Center at Ashland University |accessdate= September 21, 2014 }}</ref> Устав је увек био радо читан од стране обичних грађана због краткоће и ретке јасноће излагања.
 
Организација власти је заснована на принципу тројне поделе власти - на [[Извршна власт|извршну]], [[Законодавна власт|законодавну]] и [[Судска власт|судску власт]]. Према уставу САД врховну извршну власт врши [[Председник Сједињених Америчких Држава|председник САД]], законодавну [[Конгрес Сједињених Америчких Држава|Конгрес]], а судску [[Врховни суд Сједињених Америчких Држава|Врховни суд]].
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== Литература ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last1= Adler |first1= Mortimer |authorlink= Mortimer J. Adler |last2= Gorman |first2= William |lastauthoramp= yes |title= The American Testament: for the Institute for Philosophical Research and the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies |publisher= Praeger |location= New York |year= 1975 |isbn= 978-0-275-34060-5 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Billias |first= George |authorlink= George Athan Billias |title= American Constitutionalism Heard Round the World, 1776–1989: A Global Perspective |publisher= New York University Press |location= New York |year= 2009 |isbn= 978-0-8147-9107-3 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Bowen |first= Catherine |authorlink= Catherine Drinker Bowen |title= [[Miracle at Philadelphia|Miracle at Philadelphia: The Story of the Constitutional Convention, May to September 1787]] |publisher= Little, Brown |location= New York |year= 2010 |origyear= First published 1966 |isbn= 978-0-316-10261-2 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Farber |first= Daniel |authorlink= Daniel A. Farber |title= Lincoln's Constitution |publisher= University of Chicago Press |location= Chicago |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-226-23793-0 }}
* {{cite journal |ref= harv |last= Levinson |first= Sanford |authorlink= Sanford Levinson |title= Pledging Faith in the Civil Religion; Or, Would You Sign the Constitution? |url= http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol29/iss1/13 |volume= 29 |journal= William & Mary Law Review |issue= 113 |year= 1987 |accessdate= December 15, 2011}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Maier |first= Pauline |authorlink= Pauline Maier |title= Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788 |publisher= Simon & Schuster |location= New York |year= 2010 |isbn= 978-0-684-86854-7 }}
* {{cite journal |ref= harv |last= Malcolm |first= George A. |authorlink= George A. Malcolm |title= Constitutional History of the Philippines |journal= American Bar Association Journal |volume= 6 |year= 1920 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=NJsqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q&f=false }}
* {{cite journal |ref= harv |last= Moncure Jr. |first= Thomas M. |title= Who is the Militia: The Virginia Ratification Convention and the Right to Bear Arms
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* {{cite web |ref= harv |last= O'Connor |first= Tom |title= Constitutional Structure |url= http://www.drtomoconnor.com/3000/3000lect01.htm |year= 2010 |accessdate= November 14, 2011}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Pritchett |first= C. Herman |title= The American Constitution |publisher= McGraw-Hill |location= New York |year= 1959 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Qing Yu |first= Li |editor-last= Starr |editor-first= Joseph Barton |chapter= Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the U.S. Constitution |title= The United States Constitution: Its Birth, Growth, and Influence in Asia |publisher= Hong Kong University Press |location= Hong Kong |year= 1988 |isbn= 978-962-209-201-3 }}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |editor-last= Stacy |editor-first= Lee |title= Mexico and the United States |volume= vol. 2 |publisher= Marshall Cavendish |location= London |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-7614-7402-9}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= Wood |first= Gordon |authorlink= Gordon S. Wood |title= The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 |publisher= University of North Carolina Press |location= Chapel Hill |year= 1998 |isbn= 978-0-8078-4723-7 }}
* {{cite book |editorlink= Bernard Bailyn |editor-last= Bailyn |editor-first= Bernard |title= The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification |volume= Part One: September 1787 to February 1788 |publisher= The Library of America|year= 1993}}
* {{cite book |editor-last= Bailyn |editor-first= Bernard |title= The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification |volume= Part Two: January to August 1788 |publisher= The Library of America |year= 1993 |isbnid=ISBN 0-940450-64-X}}
* {{cite book |authorlink= James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce |last=Bryce |first= James, viscount |title= The American Commonwealth |edition= 2nd |location= London |publisher= Macmillan and Co. |year= 1891 |volume= vol. 1 |pages= [350]–397, [636]–645, 669–682, ''et passim''}}
* {{cite journal |last= Casey |first= Gregory |title= The Supreme Court and Myth: An Empirical Investigation |journal= Law & Society Review |volume= 8 |issue= 3 |date= Spring 1974 |pages= 385–420 |doi=10.2307/3053081|jstor= 3053081 }}
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* {{cite book |editor-last= Garvey |editor-first= John H. |title= Modern Constitutional Theory: A Reader |edition= 5th |year= 2004}}{{Full citation needed|date=August 2014}}
* {{cite book |authorlink= Kermit L. Hall |last= Hall |first= Kermit |title= The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |location= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 1992}}
* {{cite book |editor-last= Kaminski |editor-first= John P. |title= Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, 1976- |volume= Published volumes 1–10, 13–23, forthcoming volumes 11–12, 24–29. Most recent volume: ''The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, Vol. 23, Ratification by the States: New York, No. 5''|isbn= 978-0-87020-439-5 |location= Madison |publisher= The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, |url= http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/ratification |editor2-first= Gaspare J. |editor2-last= Saladino |editor3-first= Richard |editor3-last= Leffler |editor4-first= Charles H. |editor4-last= Schoenleber |editor5-first= Margaret A. |editor5-last= Hogan |lastauthoramp= yes}}
* {{cite book |last= Klos |first= Stanley L. |authorlink= Stanley L. Klos |title= President Who? Forgotten Founders |publisher= Evisum |location= Pittsburgh, PA |page= 261 |year= 2004 |isbnid=ISBN 0-9752627-5-0|pages= 261 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last= Kurland |editor1-first= Philip B. |editor2-last= Lerner |editor2-first= Ralph |lastauthoramp= yes |title= The Founders' Constitution |publisher= University of Chicago Press and the Liberty Fund |isbnid=ISBN 0-86597-279-6 |postscript= ;}} The work consists of "extracts from the leading works of political theory, history, law, and constitutional argument on which the Framers and their contemporaries drew and which they themselves produced".
* {{cite book |editorlink1= Leonard Levy |editor1-last=Levy |editor1-first= Leonard W. |editor2-first= Kenneth L. |editor2-last= Karst |editor3-first= John G. |editor3-last= West |lastauthoramp= yes |title= Encyclopedia of the American Constitution |location= New York |publisher= Macmillan |year= 1992}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last= Mason |editor1-first= Alpheus Thomas |editor2-first= Donald Grier |editor2-last= Stephenson |lastauthoramp= yes |title= American Constitutional Law: Introductory Essays and Selected Cases |edition= 14th |year= 2004}}{{Full citation needed|date=August 2014}}
* {{cite book |ref= harv |last= McDonald |first= Forrest |authorlink= Forrest McDonald |title= Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution |publisher= University Press of Kansas |location= Lawrence |year= 1985 |isbn= 978-0-7006-0311-4 }}
* {{cite book |last= Robertson |first= David Brian |title= The Original Compromise: What the Constitutional Framers Were Really Thinking |location= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2013}}
* {{cite book |authorlink= Laurence Tribe |last= Tribe |first= Laurence H. |title= American Constitutional Law |year= 1999}}{{Full citation needed|date=August 2014}}