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[[Датотека:Red flag II.svg|десно|мини|150п|[[Застава|Црвена застава]], симбол радничког и социјалистичког покрета]]
'''Социјализам''' (енгл. socialism; франц. socialisme; нем. sozialismus; порекло према лат. socialis: друштвени; савезнички), појам који означава идеје, теорије, покрете који теже колективном власништву и контроли над средствима производње, размене и дистрибуције<ref>https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/socialism</ref>. Настао је у 18. веку у Европи као реакција на индустријализацију и капитализам.<ref>Sinclair, Upton (1. јануар 1918). Upton Sinclair's: A Monthly Magazine: for Social Justice, by Peaceful Means If Possible. »Socialism, you see, is a bird with two wings. The definition is 'social ownership and democratic control of the instruments and means of production.'«</ref><ref>Nove, Alec. „Socialism”. New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Second Edition (2008). »A society may be defined as socialist if the major part of the means of production of goods and services is in some sense socially owned and operated, by state, socialised or cooperative enterprises. The practical issues of socialism comprise the relationships between management and workforce within the enterprise, the interrelationships between production units (plan versus markets), and, if the state owns and operates any part of the economy, who controls it and how.«</ref><ref>Nove, Alec. „Socialism”. New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, Second Edition (2008). »A society may be defined as socialist if the major part of the means of production of goods and services is in some sense socially owned and operated, by state, socialised or cooperative enterprises. The practical issues of socialism comprise the relationships between management and workforce within the enterprise, the interrelationships between production units (plan versus markets), and, if the state owns and operates any part of the economy, who controls it and how.« Rosser, Mariana V. and J Barkley Jr. (23. јул 2003). Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. {{page1|location=|publisher=MIT Press
== Увод ==
Централне вредности заједничке свим облицима социјализма јесу критика приватног власништва и његово социјализовање, тј. подруштвљење (или барем неки облик друштвене контроле над њим), те начело друштвене једнакости.<ref>Brus, Wlodzimierz (5. новембар 2015). The Economics and Politics of Socialism. Routledge. {{page|year=|isbn=978-0-415-86647-7|pages=87}}. »This alteration in the relationship between economy and politics is evident in the very definition of a socialist economic system. The basic characteristic of such a system is generally reckoned to be the predominance of the social ownership of the means of production.«</ref><ref>Michie, Jonathan (1. јануар 2001). Readers Guide to the Social Sciences. Routledge. стр. {{page|year=1516|isbn=978-1-57958-091-9|pages=}} »Just as private ownership defines capitalism, social ownership defines socialism. The essential characteristic of socialism in theory is that it destroys social hierarchies, and therefore leads to a politically and economically egalitarian society. Two closely related consequences follow. First, every individual is entitled to an equal ownership share that earns an aliquot part of the total social dividend…Second, in order to eliminate social hierarchy in the workplace, enterprises are run by those employed, and not by the representatives of private or state capital. Thus, the well-known historical tendency of the divorce between ownership and management is brought to an end. The society — i.e. every individual equally — owns capital and those who work are entitled to manage their own economic affairs.«</ref><ref>„2. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) any of various social or political theories or movements in which the common welfare is to be achieved through the establishment of a socialist economic system” „Socialism” at The Free dictionary</ref><ref>Arnold, Scott (1994). The Philosophy and Economics of Market Socialism: A Critical Study. {{page1|location=|publisher=Oxford University Press
У том смислу елементи социјалистичког мишљења могу се пронаћи у делима славних утописта (Т. [[Кампанела]], [[Томас Мор]]).<ref>von Mises, Ludwig (1981) [1951]. „Christianity and Socialism”. Socialism. New Heaven: Yale University Press</ref> У делу Утопија из 1516. [[Томас Мор]] држи да »тамо где је власништво приватно, где је новац мерило свих ствари, тешко је и немогуће да заједница има праведну владу«.
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